Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 8thQuestion: How to optimize nucleic acid detection and how to carry out home monitoring — — Press conference of the State Council joint defense and joint control mechanism responds to hot issues.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Gu Tiancheng, Li Heng and Peng Yunjia

　　Recently, the Comprehensive Group of Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council has successively published several guiding documents, such as the Notice on Further Optimizing and Implementing the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19 Epidemic, the Guide for Home Treatment of Covid-19 Infected Persons, and the Application Scheme of Covid-19 Antigen Detection. On the 8th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference, and made authoritative responses to hot issues such as optimizing nucleic acid detection, home monitoring and treatment, epidemic prevention and control in medical institutions, and vaccination for the elderly.

　　The State Council joint defense and control mechanism press conference site. Xinhua News Agency reporter Gu Tiancheng photo

　　How to optimize nucleic acid detection? Focus on high-risk areas and people

　　"Further optimize nucleic acid detection, emphasizing the need to focus on areas and people with high risk of infection." He Qinghua, a first-class inspector of the Department of Transmission and Prevention of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the scope and frequency of nucleic acid testing should be reduced mainly from four aspects.

　　First, not to carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing according to administrative regions; Second, except for special places such as nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, child care institutions, primary and secondary schools, negative proof of nucleic acid testing is not required; Third, no longer check the negative certificate or health code of nucleic acid testing for cross-regional migrants, and no longer carry out landing inspection; Fourth, according to the needs of epidemic prevention work, antigen testing can be carried out.

　　Wang Liping, a researcher at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced two categories of high-risk employees who need to carry out nucleic acid testing in accordance with relevant regulations: the first category is those with high risk of infection, such as entry personnel, staff in centralized isolation places, and medical staff in fever clinics; The second category is those with dense employees, frequent contacts and strong mobility, such as Shangchao staff, couriers, take-away staff and so on.

　　How can medical staff reduce infection? Strengthen scientific protection and resource scheduling.

　　Due to their special positions, medical staff will receive a large number of patients every day, so they are at high risk of infection.

　　"In order to minimize the risk of occupational exposure of medical staff, the management of medical institutions must meet a series of requirements." Guo Yanhong, director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said.

　　Guo Yanhong said, first, it is necessary to strengthen the management of key areas of medical institutions, such as fever clinics, emergency departments and wards. Medical staff should scientifically do personal protection, wear protective equipment, and strive to minimize the risk of occupational exposure. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the scheduling and preparation of medical resources.

　　Second, we should implement various measures to care for medical personnel, do a good job in vaccination and health monitoring of medical personnel, especially dynamically optimize and adjust the grouping of medical personnel, the allocation of medical forces and the arrangement of work shifts.

　　Third, medical institutions have a large flow of people and a large number of vulnerable people, so it is necessary to check the 48-hour negative nucleic acid certificate when entering medical institutions. Patients should do a good job of nucleic acid detection or antigen detection as early as possible. At the same time, once there is an emergency, even if the patient has no nucleic acid certificate, the treatment should be given priority to ensure the smooth development of the patient’s treatment.

　　What can be monitored at home? Mild and asymptomatic infections

　　"At present, the pathogenicity of Covid-19 Omicron virus strain has dropped significantly, and most of them are asymptomatic or mild after infection, so there are few severe cases." Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that most Covid-19-infected people can be observed and treated at home. During this period, personal health monitoring should be done well, and community doctors should be contacted at any time if there is any problem, and they should go to the hospital for treatment if necessary.

　　Wang Guiqiang said that the purpose of home isolation and observation treatment is to treat patients in different levels more accurately and effectively. Personal protection should be done for people who are isolated at home, and contact with family members as little as possible, and if they contact, they should keep a certain distance.

　　According to reports, the room where the home isolation personnel live should be ventilated every day, and it is best to use the bathroom alone and disinfect the environment frequently. When coughing or sneezing, cover it with a tissue. At the same time, personal belongings between people living together should not be mixed and separated as much as possible.

　　How to protect high-risk people? Implement preventive measures and make emergency plans.

　　The elderly and children are the groups that need special attention in the process of epidemic prevention and control, and the elderly are the serious and high-risk groups in COVID-19. Regarding the epidemic prevention and control of special institutions such as nursing homes and welfare homes, Guo Yanhong said that it is necessary to implement preventive measures and make emergency plans.

　　In terms of preventive measures, we should remind and assist the elderly and children to do hand hygiene. Staff should wear masks regularly to reduce the gathering and flow of people in the organization and reduce the risk of infection.

　　In terms of emergency plans, special institutions such as nursing homes and welfare homes should make relevant plans, and once infection occurs, they should be scientifically managed by districts. When necessary, large centralized pension institutions can send emergency vehicles to ensure that the infected elderly can be transported to the hospital in time when their condition gets worse.

　　"I hope that the elderly will take the initiative to vaccinate and escort their health." Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that vulnerable groups such as the elderly benefited the most from vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine. In the next step, we will continue to use mobile vaccination vehicles, set up special sessions for the elderly and open green channels for the elderly to facilitate vaccination.

　　How to use drugs for home treatment? Take medicine according to the symptoms, and don’t hoard medicine.

　　In view of the problem of drug use during home treatment that people are concerned about, Wang Guiqiang said that if symptoms such as fever and cough appear, you can take drugs according to the symptoms, but you don’t need to hoard drugs or buy drugs in large quantities.

　　Experts suggest that there are many analgesic drugs with different names, but the ingredients are the same. Don’t take them together, just take one. If you use too much or eat too much, it will cause a series of adverse reactions. People with basic diseases should ensure the use of drugs for basic diseases and not stop taking drugs. At the same time, antibacterial drugs should be used reasonably, not abused, and must be used under the guidance of a doctor.

　　What if the situation doesn’t get better after taking the medicine? Experts suggest that if you have difficulty breathing and shortness of breath, the original basic disease is aggravated, and the fever lasts for more than 3 days and exceeds 38.5℃, you should contact the community doctor in time. If the condition gets worse, you can contact 120 directly and go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time.

Si Haiying Zuo (Xinhua News Agency)

　　By the end of July this year, the loan balance of small and micro enterprises nationwide was 40.83 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.62% compared with the beginning of the year & mdash; This is the transcript of financial services for small and micro enterprises this year. Small and micro enterprises are the main components of the market with over 100 million households in China, and they are also the capillaries of the market economy. However, in the past, banking financial institutions were reluctant to lend, afraid of lending and unwilling to lend to small and micro enterprises. In recent years, the relevant departments have introduced a series of differentiated policies from the aspects of credit supply, capital supervision, bad tolerance and due diligence exemption, so that banks can "dare to lend, be willing to lend, be able to lend and be willing to lend".

　　Growth rate and number of small and micro loans in Shuang Sheng

　　This year, the first batch of supply chain bills in China, the first standardized bill for private enterprises, and the Suzhou Experimental Zone for Digital Credit Investigation of Small and Micro Enterprises … … In Jiangsu province, where the number of small and medium-sized enterprises exceeds 3 million and accounts for more than 90% of the total number of enterprises, these financial innovations have continuously broadened the financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Guo Xinming, president of Nanjing Branch of China People’s Bank, said that through the long-term mechanism and capacity building of "dare to lend, be willing to lend, be able to lend", the related work has achieved remarkable results. At the end of July, the balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions in the province was 15.1 trillion yuan, up 16.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.8 percentage points higher than that of the same period last year.

　　In Sichuan Province, there are more than 4.8 million individual industrial and commercial households, accounting for more than 70% of the market participants. The People’s Bank of China, together with the Market Supervision Bureau and the Private Office, launched the "Financial Manna" action plan for individual industrial and commercial households, focusing on individual industrial and commercial households without loans, and carried out the cultivation of first loan financing; Promote the improvement of financing level for individual industrial and commercial households with loans. By the end of July, the loan balance of individual industrial and commercial households in Sichuan was 284.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.8%, which was higher than the average growth rate of various loans. The number of new loan households is 58,000.

　　"Under the guidance of supervision and the joint support of various policies, banking financial institutions have continued to increase innovation, and the credit supply of small and micro enterprises has shown a rapid growth trend." Mao Hongjun, the first-level inspector of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission inclusive finance Department, said.

　　The data shows that as of the end of July this year, the loan balance of small and micro enterprises nationwide was 40.83 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.62% over the beginning of the year. Among them, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprise loans with a total credit of 10 million yuan or less per household was 13.91 trillion yuan, nearly doubling the balance compared with the beginning of 2018; Compared with the beginning of the year, the growth rate was 19.2%, which was 10.43 percentage points higher than the growth rate of various loans; The number of households with loan balance was 23,971,600, an increase of 2,852,300 compared with the beginning of the year, and the goal of "Shuang Sheng" in terms of growth rate and number of households was achieved in stages.

　　"Dare to lend and be willing to lend" adds endogenous motivation

　　In the past, small and micro enterprise loans often faced such problems. "Why are the grassroots institutions and personnel of banks reluctant to lend and unwilling to lend? Because it is not cost-effective, low performance or no performance. Why are you afraid of lending and afraid to lend? Because of the high non-performing rate and fear of accountability. Establishing and improving the mechanism of lending to small and micro enterprises is, in the final analysis, to solve the endogenous motivation problem of banks serving small and micro enterprises. " Mao Hongjun said.

　　In recent years, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has issued a series of differentiated regulatory incentive policies and guiding measures in the aspects of capital, internal assessment, risk management and due diligence exemption, so as to solve the problems of reluctance to lend and fear of lending.

　　For example, the differentiation of funds, that is, by guiding the internal capital transfer pricing of commercial banks to give preferential loans to small and micro enterprises, solves the problem that small and micro loans at the grassroots level of banks are not cost-effective. At present, national commercial banks give loans to small and micro enterprises at least 50 basis points in the internal fund transfer pricing, and some banks’ preferential efforts have reached more than 100 basis points.

　　In terms of risk management differentiation, the regulatory policy has clearly stated that the non-performing rate of inclusive small and micro enterprise loans can be higher than the tolerance of non-performing rate of various loans within 3 percentage points. In view of this year’s epidemic situation, it is especially proposed that commercial banks can appropriately increase the tolerance of non-performing loans to branches in areas seriously affected by the epidemic situation.

　　"These differentiated guiding policies and requirements, we have specially set indicators for assessment, in order to supervise the ‘ Baton ’ Guide and urge banks ‘ Make up short board and forge long board ’ Continuously deepen the construction of institutional mechanisms. " Mao Hongjun said.

　　Strong service skills of "being able to lend and lending"

　　"Dare to lend, willing to lend" is mainly a mechanism problem, while "ability to lend, will lend" is more a problem of ability, which requires the professional service ability of banks.

　　Focus on solving the problem of "no loans". In Sichuan, the People’s Bank of China supported corporate institutions to replenish capital through multiple channels, eased the constraint of capital on credit growth, and used the central bank’s refinancing to increase banks’ low-cost loanable funds. At the end of August, the province’s refinancing balance increased by 63.2% year-on-year. From January to August, banks in the province put 232 credit products into the market, including 71 credit loan products.

　　Improve the professionalism of banking institutions’ "meeting loans". In Jiangsu, banking institutions actively carry out financial product innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the financial service ability of "direct access to small and micro enterprises". By the end of July, 107 banking institutions in Jiangsu Province had lent 101.2 billion yuan to 105,000 small and medium-sized enterprises relying on 230 online financial products. At the same time, actively promote credit models such as "accounts receivable pledge financing", "micro-loan technology" and "credit factory" to help small and medium-sized enterprises "increase their credit coverage".

　　For talents, technology, products, information, etc., the regulators also actively promote the professional capacity building of banks. For example, in terms of technology, big data is used to help solve the bottleneck of "lack of information and lack of credit". Let banking financial institutions widely connect with information and data related to enterprises in the public sector, develop big data risk control models, conduct customer exploration, access and credit granting, and accurately "portrait" customers. On this basis, we will promote the "small micro-fast loan" model of online processing in the whole process and centralized approval of risk control in the background, effectively expanding the service coverage of small and micro enterprises. (Reporter Li Wei)

　　The adoption of the Gregorian calendar by our government began in the Republic of China. Therefore, in China, the history of New Year’s Day is less than a hundred years.

　　On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president in Nanjing, announcing the establishment of the provisional government of the Republic of China. At the same time, the "Declaration of the Provisional President" was issued, and the time at the end of the declaration was "New Year’s Day of the first year of the Republic of China". This is the first time that the Gregorian calendar has been used in the official proclamation, and it is also the first time that the word "New Year’s Day" with modern significance has been used. Subsequently, Sun Yat-sen ordered that in order to "do summer, it is suitable for farming; From the western calendar, so statistics ",switch to the solar calendar. On January 2, Sun Yat-sen electrified the provinces to change their calendars, and took January 1, 1912 as the beginning of the founding of the Republic of China.

　　From then on, China began to adopt the western calendar, taking January 1 of the Gregorian calendar as the New Year’s Day. Throughout the Republic of China, in fact, in the daily life of our people, the traditional lunar calendar was still used, but the first day of the first lunar month was generally called the Spring Festival. Since then, New Year’s Day and Spring Festival have been divided into two festivals, but New Year’s Day is still often used as a synonym for Spring Festival. For example, in January 1930, when Mao Zedong commanded the Red Army to fight in Jiangxi, he wrote a poem "Dream of New Year’s Day" with the words: "Ninghua, Cleanliness, Naturalization, and the roads are deep and slippery. Where to go today, pointing to Wuyi Mountain. Under the mountain, the red flag is picturesque. " New Year’s Day here means the same as Spring Festival.

　　At the beginning of the Gregorian calendar in China, Lu Xun wrote an article "Habits and Reform", in which he said: "Even the unemployed people in Shanghai and employees of the company lamented, or it was very inconvenient for farmers to cultivate, or it was very inconvenient for seagoing ships to wait for the tide. Therefore, we actually think of farmers in the countryside and boats at sea who have been irrelevant for a long time. This is really like fraternity. "

　　On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the China People’s Political Consultative Conference resolved: "The chronology of People’s Republic of China (PRC) adopts the AD chronology method." As a result, the Chinese government has adopted a more thorough method of AD chronology, and all government announcements, statistical reports, newspaper mastheads, etc. adopt the Gregorian calendar. The traditional lunar calendar in China has completely disappeared from official documents except that it is marked behind the Gregorian calendar in the headlines of important newspapers. The New Year’s Day holiday was also stipulated as one of the four legal holidays in China in the "National Holidays and Remembrance Days" adopted at the meeting of the Special Council (now the State Council) on December 23rd, 1949. Today, the calendar year and New Year’s Day festivals have gradually become universal, popular and stable among Chinese people. New Year’s Day and Spring Festival are no longer mixed in appellation. For example, in 1952, President Mao Zedong’s Speech at the New Year’s Day Group Meeting, New Year’s Day here refers to the Gregorian New Year’s Day.

　　New Year’s Day is an international festival, and different nationalities have different stories about the origin of New Year’s Day. It was the ancient Egyptians who first named New Year’s Day. Because of the need to calculate the Nile flood cycle, astronomy and solar calendar in ancient Egypt came into being. 7000 years ago, after long-term observation, the ancient Egyptians found that whenever Sirius rose with the sun, the Nile rose immediately, and it was always about 365 days before the next time. So ancient Egypt took the day when the Nile rose as the beginning of the new year, which was called the "Rising Water New Year". This is about the earliest origin of New Year’s Day.

　　Today’s Gregorian calendar, named after its universal use in all countries in the world, is a kind of solar calendar that people are most familiar with, also known as western calendar, solar calendar and Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar adopts the chronological method, which is calculated from the year when Jesus was born, which is closely related to the prosperity of Christianity. This calendar is saturated with the civilization created by human beings for thousands of years. After learning the essence of the Egyptian calendar, the ancient Romans formulated a more accurate julian calendar during the reign of Julius Caesar. With the expansion of Roman Empire and the spread of Christianity, julian calendar spread all over the world. On March 1st, 1582, Pope Gregory XIII reformed the calendar and decided to adopt the plan of Italian doctor Lirio. In 400 years, the three extra leap years in julian calendar were eliminated, with an average annual length of 5: 49: 12 on 365 days, 26 seconds longer than the return. Although according to this calculation, there will still be an error of one day after about 3000 years, but this accuracy is quite remarkable. This is the origin of the Gregorian calendar we use today, also known as the Gregorian calendar.

　　Due to the influence of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British, German, American and other Christian countries in the last 500 years, and because of the relative accuracy of the Gregorian calendar, the calendar method of the year of the AD has been adopted by countries all over the world. As a holiday, New Year’s Day is not comparable to Christmas in the west and Spring Festival in China, but it has become a worldwide holiday because of its secularity and non-religion.

　　Due to the different longitude positions of countries in the world, the time of celebrating New Year’s Day is different in different countries, so the date of New Year’s Day is different. For example, Tonga, an island country in Oceania, is located on the west side of the date line. It is the first place in the world to start a new day, so it is also the first country in the world to celebrate New Year’s Day. Western Samoa, located on the east side of the Japanese date line, is the place where a new day begins at the latest in the world, so it is also the country that celebrates New Year’s Day at the latest in the world. According to the Gregorian calendar, China is the 12th country in the world to start the New Year.

　　At the same time, based on the differences between the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere, New Year’s Day in countries in the northern hemisphere happens to be winter, or the wind is cold, or the snow is fluttering, or the winter sun shines brightly … while countries in the southern hemisphere welcome the New Year in summer, and their feelings of celebrating the holidays are very different.

　　
In addition to the above reasons, due to the different cultural traditions of various ethnic groups, the date of New Year’s Day in some countries is not January 1 of the Gregorian calendar. For example, Iran implements the Islamic calendar, and celebrating the New Year means celebrating the arrival of spring. Its season and month are not fixed, usually in the late March of the Gregorian calendar. India starts from October 31st every year as the New Year, which lasts for five days, and the fourth day is New Year’s Day. The traditional Thai New Year’s Songkran Festival (Songkran is a Sanskrit transliteration), also known as the Songkran Festival, is from April 13th to 16th every year in the Gregorian calendar.

On August 1st, Gong Lixiao won the women’s shot put in Tokyo Olympic Games, which was the first gold medal of China track and field team in this Olympic Games. After the game, CCTV reporters said in an interview with Gong Lixiao that "Gong Lixiao left me the image of a woman man", and even in the interview, they asked "What are the plans for the girl’s life next?" "What about the boyfriend?" "I think he may not be able to beat you in wrist wrestling", and the interview in just a few minutes caused a heated discussion.

In the interview, the reporter seems to set the female man against the girl, but isn’t the female man also a girl? Is it only the "white, thin and young" wrapped by traditional aesthetics that is the beauty of women? Of course not. The beauty of women is not single, let alone defined by traditional aesthetic values. Gong Lixiao, as a shot putter, may not be thin, but it doesn’t mean that she is not beautiful, that she doesn’t have the right to love beauty, and that she can’t belittle the feminine beauty in her body at will. Gong Lixiao’s self-confidence, persistence and persistent pursuit of dreams shine on her, which is the strength of women and the beauty of a healthy and confident woman.

In an interview in 2015, Gong Lixiao said, "This year is the 15th year for me to practice shot put. After all, we are girls, especially when we go out, we will pay more attention to our image. But when many people see us at ordinary times, they all say’ Look at this big fat man’. Some of them don’t know us and think we are not in good shape. " Although this sentence is slightly bitter, Gong Lixiao said it with a smile. It’s not that they don’t love beauty and don’t want to be the so-called "girls" in the traditional sense. Gong Lixiao once lost 30 Jin, but her performance declined seriously because of the weight loss. In order to keep her grades, she began to gain weight, and she kept her weight only to get better grades.

After this Olympic shot put final, when asked whether she would retire, she said, "I will keep practicing until I can’t, as long as my country needs it." Gong Lixiao, 32, who has participated in four Olympic Games, touched us. We have seen divers with beautiful nails painted on the springboard of Tokyo Water Sports Center, sprinters with red hair flying in the track and field, and women’s volleyball players who were stabbed with pink hair on the court. They are female athletes and girls. They show the world the unique strength and speed of women. They confidently radiate the light and beauty of women.

"What about the boyfriend?" This is not exclusive to Gong Lixiao, but a question that many female athletes will be asked. When Yang Qian was interviewed after winning the championship twice, he was asked many times about choosing a spouse. The three-person women’s basketball team made history and won the bronze medal. Yang Shuyu, born in 2002, could not escape being questioned about the criteria of mate selection. Is the "end point" and focus of girls’ lives marriage? Of course not. Girls’ lives should not only be about love and marriage. Women also have glory and dreams, and also have the right and strength to keep fighting. Their lives should not be held hostage by looks, marriage and family. They belong to themselves, and they also have unique life values, which is the true beauty of women.

We expect the public’s eyes to stop focusing on their private lives and pay more attention to their achievements and strength: Yang Qian not only has nails and hair clips, but also the strength of world champions; Yang Shuyu is not only handsome, but also has super ability; Guo Jingjing is not only a rich daughter-in-law, but also a diving queen. The strength of these women is enough for them to stand side by side with men, and they also shine, which is the light of women and the beauty of women.

Nowadays, the beauty of women is no longer limited to the beauty of appearance under the traditional aesthetic of "Lin Daiyu style", and the strength of women is rising. Women are playing their important roles in all walks of life and becoming an indispensable part of society. Not only female athletes, every girl has the right to love beauty and the freedom to pursue beauty, but the beauty they pursue is diverse and beauty should not be defined by a single standard. Girls should not be confined to traditional aesthetics. The beauty of women can’t be denied because of their appearance. The beauty of women can’t be judged and examined by anyone. The beauty of women can only be defined by themselves.

We long for the beauty of women to be no longer solidified by a single criterion. We hope that more people will accept the diverse beauty of women. We call on the society to give more tolerance and love to women and let girls shine.

Text/Shen Yanqi (Hunan Normal University)