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　　The staff in the reserve are checking the infrared camera. In the Sino-Russian border and protected areas, there are more than a thousand such cameras. Figure/Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Nature Reserve

　　At the National People’s Congress last year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, who participated in the deliberation of the Jilin delegation, said that this is a good phenomenon after learning that there are 27 wild Siberian tigers in Jilin. The key is to follow the laws of nature and do a solid job.

　　It’s two sessions a year, and the content of protecting the Siberian tiger has been reflected in the "Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (Draft)", and the rescue protection of endangered rare wild animals such as tigers, leopards, giant pandas and crested ibis has risen to the national strategy.

　　In view of the difficulties in the nature reserve, such as the overload of the number of Northeast Tigers, the scramble for land by people and tigers, and the obstruction of migration routes by roads and railways, the relevant departments have formulated plans. In addition to expanding the nature reserve area, they will also start to open up inward migration channels and plan the return of Northeast Tigers to Xiaoxing’ anling and Changbai Mountain.

　　At 7 o’clock on the morning of March 3, Lang Jianmin stepped on 30 cm thick snow and got into the Woods.

　　He followed the footsteps of two Siberian tigers to the top of the mountain with a flame bomb that could be sounded when he was attacked by a wild animal, and a knife for self-defense. He found out their activities and went down the mountain after 8 hours.

　　In this season, hunters follow animal tracks and commit more crimes with iron traps. As the director of the mission center of Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, this is his busiest time of the year.

　　"The more tigers there are, the greater the pressure." Lang Jianmin said.

　　By the way, cleaning the iron cover buried in the snow aroused his sting. A month ago, on the mountain road leading to the gold and copper mine in Sandaogou, Hadamen Township, a Siberian tiger unfortunately stepped into the iron sleeve and died in the snow, leaving a lot of blood on its neck.

　　Although the final investigation results have not yet come out, it has reflected the embarrassing existence of wild animals such as the Northeast Tiger: even if they live in nature reserves, they still face man-made injuries.

　　Return

　　Hunchun has 27 "settled tigers"

　　According to the analysis of the images captured by the camera, it is finally determined that there are at least 27 Siberian tigers that are active in China all the year round.

　　In the IUCN Red List, the Siberian tiger has been listed as an endangered (EN) species.

　　According to public information, the total number of existing Siberian tigers may be less than 500, mainly distributed in the area from the Sikhote Mountains in the Russian Far East to the border between China and Russia.

　　More than 100 years ago, Siberian tigers were widely distributed in most areas of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests in the northeast temperate zone of China and the Russian Far East.

　　In Lang Jianmin’s view, it was two catastrophes that almost killed the Siberian tiger. One is the deforestation during Japan’s invasion of China, and the other is the felling of trees to support the construction of the mainland in the 1950s and 1960s. With the disappearance of forests, Siberian tigers were forced to leave their homes and move to the Russian Far East.

　　At the beginning of this century, there were frequent news of the appearance of the Siberian tiger on the Sino-Russian border in the northeast. However, due to the lack of scientific and systematic investigation and study, the number and current situation of the tiger and leopard population in China became an unsolved mystery.

　　Since 2006, the National Biodiversity Innovation Team of Beijing Normal University (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing Normal University Team"), under the leadership of Ge Jianping, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the NLD and vice president of the school, has established the largest single regional infrared camera monitoring network in the world, mainly from the Sino-Russian border in Hunchun to the northeast inland of China, with a sample area of more than 20,000 square kilometers.

　　Feng Limin, a student of Ge Jianping, Ph.D. in Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, said that they first laid more than 300 kilometers of border transects along the Sino-Russian border to observe the cross-border situation of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard, and then arranged more than 1,200 infrared cameras in a grid with a distance of 3 kilometers multiplied by 3 kilometers.

　　Through the comparison of the unique patterns on the body of the tiger and leopard, each individual of the Northeast Tiger and the Northeast Leopard can be scientifically and accurately identified, and at the same time, the time, space and other activity rules and information of the tiger and leopard can be collected.

　　In the end, the camera captured authoritative data: in the whole monitoring area, only the Northeast Tiger population was found in Hunchun National Nature Reserve of Jilin Province and its surrounding areas, from 2012 to — During 2014, at least 27 Siberian tigers were active, including 10 males, 8 females and 9 larvae.

　　At least 42 Amur leopards, including 20 males, 17 females and 5 larvae. This number has exceeded the reported total number of remaining Amur leopards in Russia.

　　The observation data also show that the Siberian tiger occasionally appears in Wandashan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province, which is a wandering type and has no stable population.

　　On November 6, 2013, researchers from Beijing Normal University saw an exciting scene. In the night, No.05 adult female Northeast Tiger walked leisurely through the camera, followed by her 3-month-old cubs, who paused and looked at the camera curiously.

　　This is the first time in the world that a wild Siberian tiger has produced four cubs from one birth.

　　"Breeding means that the Northeast Tiger can breed, settle down and form a population in Hunchun area." Feng Limin said.

　　settle down

　　Migration is blocked and habitat becomes an "island"

　　"The only way for the tiger and leopard population to survive and develop in the future is to enter the vast forests in the northeast inland of China to the west."

　　The most fundamental reason for the return of the Northeast Tiger is the restoration of forest vegetation.

　　According to the analysis of the team of Beijing Normal University, the natural forest protection project implemented in China in 1998 has made the forest quality in the main forest areas in Northeast China recuperate, and the main prey of tigers, such as red deer, sika deer, wild boar and roe deer, are also recovering rapidly. Last year, Jilin and Heilongjiang completely stopped commercial logging of timber, which laid a more solid foundation for the return and reproduction of the Northeast Tiger.

　　On the distribution map drawn by the team of Beijing Normal University, the activity area of Northeast Tiger is marked as orange, but it looks like an island.

　　This orange-red area, including the long and narrow Hunchun nature reserve in the north and south, covers an area of only 1,087 square kilometers, and together with the Russian Leopard National Park bordering it, it covers an area of about 4,000 square kilometers.

　　The team of Beijing Normal University also found that with the proliferation and increase of tigers and leopards, this area was temporarily overloaded.

　　"Adult tigers need an average of 5 kilograms of pure meat a day, including many larvae. The bigger the larvae grow, the greater their appetite. If they can’t find a suitable habitat to spread out, they will compete for food." Feng Limin said.

　　Ge Jianping introduced that the Northeast Tiger has the characteristics of outward development wave after wave in the territory, and there is no jumping. According to Russia’s long-term follow-up study, the average territory of a female tiger is 300 to 500 square kilometers, and the male tiger can often reach thousands of square kilometers. It patrols its territory every day, basically walking 10 to 20 kilometers, but in the northeast, the natural density of its prey is not high, so it needs more territory.

　　"In Hunchun, it is very good to accommodate 8-10, but now there are just more than 20, which is more than 3 times the carrying capacity and is all squeezed here." Feng Limin said.

　　Why are these Siberian tigers squeezed in this "isolated island" area?

　　Dr. Feng Limin analyzed that the East and South of the region is the Sea of Japan; The northern part is blocked by a large area of wetlands, highways and railways in the Middle East, which separates it from the main habitat of Siberian tigers in Russia-the Sihot Mountains; The S201 provincial highway in the east runs along the west side of Hunchun Nature Reserve, from Hunchun to Dongning, Heilongjiang Province. The highway, frequent shuttle cars, villages, farmhouses and factories on both sides form an artificial barrier.

　　"The only way for the tiger and leopard population to survive and develop in the future is to enter the vast forests in the northeast inland of China to the west, but we must first break through the barrier S201." Feng Limin said.

　　conflict

　　The battle between man and tiger in the protected area

　　Some villagers think that tigers are rare animals and should be well protected, while others say that tigers should be driven away.

　　S201 Provincial Highway and the activities of people along it are like a wall, blocking the way for tigers and leopards to move westward.

　　According to the latest data provided by Hunchun Nature Reserve, there are 19 villages, more than 2,200 households and more than 6,300 people in the reserve. According to the statistics of remote sensing analysis, there are more than 800 hectares of land in the reserve, and there are 35 contracted ditch systems for forest frogs. In addition, there are about 40,000 grazing cows every year.

　　This set of data does not include the unprotected area west of S201 Highway, but butch and leopard have spread to this area.

　　Located in Sandaogou Village, Hadamen Township, on the west side of S201 Highway, villagers can intuitively feel the contradiction between man and tiger.

　　In the summer of 2015, villager Xing Yanfen raised more than 80 Yanbian yellow cattle, which is the largest farmer in the village. During the inventory, 11 cows were found missing, and the remains of 4 of them were found, all of which were killed by tigers.

　　Villagers generally adopt the method of free-range. Every year, starting from May, they catch the cattle in the mountains, count them once every two weeks, feed them with salt, and then take them back to the village for captivity when the weather turns cold in October.

　　After the incident, in order to find the missing cattle and prevent the Northeast Tiger from committing crimes, Xing Yanfen followed her husband and drove around the driveway pulling wood almost every other day, setting off firecrackers all over the mountains to scare the Northeast Tiger away from the cattle.

　　Xing Yanfen said that they have not received compensation so far. "People in the reserve said that compensation can only be given if animal carcasses are found."

　　She lost more than 100 thousand for this, complaining that "people rely on mountains to eat mountains, and life is not good."

　　Zhang Yanlin, a villager, said that one of his cattle was missing, and his body could not be found, so he could not claim compensation. After the tiger committed a crime last year, many villagers in Sandaogou village sold their cattle and sheep.

　　Lang Jianmin, director of the Propaganda Center of Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Reserve, believes that grazing will lead to many threats. For roe deer, sika deer and wild boar, cattle have completely destroyed the surface vegetation and wild animals have nothing to eat; There are fewer wild animals and fewer tigers; Hungry tigers will also take risks and attack livestock. In Hunchun, there are more than 100 incidents of tigers hurting livestock every year.

　　"It is difficult for ordinary people to understand the contradiction between man and tiger." Lang Jianmin deeply felt that the most terrible thing is that livestock carry infectious diseases, which will be a devastating blow to the Siberian tiger if it is careless.

　　However, the growers’ participation in the meeting destroyed the surface, and Hunchun’s "ginseng under the forest" naturally grew in the Woods, with little impact. However, to plant "garden ginseng", a forest must be cut down and planted in a plastic shed. When the contract period expires, nothing grows, resulting in desertification.

　　For the Siberian tiger, the most direct threat is "hidden weapons", and these hidden "condoms" are everywhere in the forest.

　　Villagers in Sandaogou can still remember that more than ten years ago, a wild Siberian tiger was trapped by a condom, broke free and killed Yang Chunyan, a young female worker in the local forest farm. The tiger also died of injuries. After this incident was reported at that time, the "dispute between people and tigers" also attracted widespread attention.

　　Cleaning up "condoms" has become a fixed action of the local protection department. From September last year to January this year alone, Hunchun Nature Reserve cleared 8250 "condoms" and clips. During the same period, 80,097 hunting tools of various types were cleared and collected in Jilin Province, and 268 illegal cases and 314 offenders were investigated.

　　Although the staff of the nature reserve have repeatedly posted posters to protect wild animals in various villages and conducted lectures on environmental protection knowledge, the results have been minimal. Some villagers think that tigers are rare animals and should be well protected, while others say that tigers should be driven away.

　　protect

　　High-speed rail diverted to the protected area

　　"Northeast Tiger and Northeast Leopard will become the soul of Jilin’s green transformation." This sentence by Bayin Chaolu, secretary of the provincial party committee, impressed Ge Jianping deeply.

　　Faced with the "islanding" of the Northeast Tiger and the dispute between humans and tigers in the nature reserve, Ge Jianping found the protection problem more and more difficult.

　　In fact, Ge Jianping and his team have been keeping a low profile for ten years in Hunchun. Even in 2007 and 2010, they took the first photos of wild Siberian tigers and leopards in natural state in China, but he didn’t let these explosive news spread.

　　He feels that the scientific research data is not solid enough, and he is also worried that too much publicity will cause humans to disturb the Northeast Tiger. However, in 2015, with the deepening of research, Ge Jianping felt that "the country must take the shot, otherwise it will miss the opportunity."

　　So Ge Jianping contacted Bayin Chaolu, secretary of Jilin Provincial Party Committee.

　　Ge Jianping recalled that on the same day, at the entrance of the conference room, Bayin Chaolu had two important meetings and only promised to give Ge Jianping a maximum of five minutes to report.

　　Ge Jianping said that one minute is enough. He only said one sentence: "Your family has 27 tigers and 42 leopards. Do you care?"

　　Ge Jianping said that the secretary of the provincial party Committee looked at him in surprise. "Ah, no one told me." Then he postponed other meetings, listened to his report all morning, and instructed the director of the provincial development and reform commission to come to the meeting immediately.

　　As a result, Ge Jianping showed data and demonstration materials that have never been published in the past 10 years.

　　At this time, the development strategy of Jilin Province is to strengthen wetland protection in the west, develop industry in the middle and make green transformation in the east, but it has not found a "grasping hand" in the east. Ge Jianping was deeply impressed by the words of Bayin Chaolu. "The Northeast Tiger and Leopard will become the soul of Jilin’s green transformation."

　　At the subsequent National People’s Congress, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader participated in the deliberation of the Jilin delegation. After learning that there are 27 wild Siberian tigers in Jilin, the Supreme Leader said that this is a good phenomenon. The key is to follow the laws of nature and do a solid job.

　　Not long after, the General Office of the Central Committee urged Ge Jianping to submit detailed suggestions before the end of May. Chen Xiaoguang, vice chairman of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and executive vice chairman of NLD Central Committee, personally led a team to conduct in-depth investigation and summary.

　　In this survey, Ge Jianping and Chen Xiaoguang accidentally learned that Hunchun will invest more than 20 billion yuan to build "two highs": the expressway from Hunchun to Dongning is roughly parallel to the provincial highway S201, and the National Development and Reform Commission has established a project; The high-speed train from Hunchun to Vladivostok, Russia, will pass through the reserve and will be signed soon.

　　Ge Jianping was disheartened by this news, but after deliberation, the two decided to rush to Changchun immediately to find Bayin Chaolu, secretary of the provincial party committee, to reflect the situation.

　　After that, Jilin Province decided to cancel the original highway construction, while the high-speed rail was diverted.

　　On the Proposal on Implementing Major Ecological Projects for the Restoration and Protection of the Northeast Tiger and the Northeast Leopard in China submitted by the Central Committee of the Democratic League, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader instructed: "The return of the wild Northeast Tiger and the Northeast Leopard to the Northeast reflects that China has achieved positive results in wildlife protection in recent years. We should seize the current favorable conditions, follow the laws of nature, improve our thinking, make innovative breakthroughs, and do a good job in wildlife protection. The relevant requirements can be reflected in ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ Planning proposal ".

　　blueprint

　　Plan the Northeast Tiger to Return to Xiaoxing ‘anling.

　　According to the protection plan, a tiger and leopard distribution area with an area of over 20,000 square kilometers will be built in China.

　　How to break the "isolated island" of Northeast Tiger and Northeast Leopard?

　　On January 27th, 2016, the seminar on the protection strategy of China Northeast Tiger and Northeast Leopard, jointly organized by the NLD Central Committee and Jilin Provincial Government, presented a blueprint for protection.

　　The trilogy of the blueprint is as follows: within this year, the national nature reserves of Hunchun and Wangqing in Jilin Province and their surrounding areas will be connected into a whole, and a protected area with a continuous forest landscape of 6,000 square kilometers will be built; By 2020, an area of more than 20,000 square kilometers will be built in China, which will carry more than 100 Siberian tigers and 200 Siberian leopards; Set out to plan the action of tiger and leopard returning to Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing ‘anling.

　　They invited senior experts to "pick holes".

　　"Where do immigrants move? After the immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the survival of these people is also a problem. There are people who don’t immigrate in that area and live in a very fearful environment all day. How to consider it? " Fang Jingyun, an academician of the China Academy of Sciences and an ecologist, bluntly said, "It is my concern to affect more things just to expand the population or for a project."

　　Zhang Zhibin, a researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and chairman of the International Zoological Society, agreed that the integration of large protected areas should be given priority in the construction of protected areas. However, in order to prevent the spread of diseases, isolation belts are needed in the integration.

　　"If you can’t solve the livelihood of the people, they will reach out and ask for it from nature. This is the core." Dr. Feng Limin, a student of Ge Jianping, said.

　　There are still more intractable problems in this area. Hunchun Northeast Tiger Nature Reserve has been listed in the national level, but it is still an enterprise, and it can only be operated with the support of Hunchun Forestry Bureau. The annual personnel expenses and management expenses are around 3 million. After Jilin Province stopped all-round logging last year, the shortage of funds became prominent.

　　In addition, enterprises do not have the power of administrative law enforcement. "It is difficult to file a case for the general destruction of wildlife that does not constitute a criminal case, and it is difficult to punish it, which weakens the authority of protection work." Lang Jianmin, director of the Nature Reserve Publicity Center, said.

　　According to the website of the State Forestry Administration, at the end of February this year, Chen Fengxue, deputy director of the State Forestry Administration, conducted an investigation on the system reform of Yanbian National Park and the protection of the Northeast Tiger, accompanied by Director Yan Zhen of the Financial Planning Department. Many sources believe that the national park will be planned with the theme of Tiger and Leopard.

　　Lang Jianmin believes that national parks are new things, and the key to crossing the river by feeling the stones is to solve the problem of poor system.

　　On March 5th, Ge Jianping told the Beijing News reporter that the "Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan (Draft)" put forward the concepts of biodiversity and rescue protection project for the first time, which is a milestone and the key to the construction of ecological civilization. "The comprehensive protection of single animals and plants and biodiversity can explain that ecology, survival and life are indispensable, and it is the interdependence between man and nature, and it is necessary to take the eco-economic development model."

　　Beijing News reporter Cao Xiaobo from Hunchun, Jilin

[Editor’s note] Recently, the Autonavi map released a laughing version. In addition to the ability to routinely broadcast basic navigation actions such as "slowing down, turning, and reaching the destination", the biggest feature is that it can prompt real-time traffic information in Guo Degang’s unique teasing language according to the scene.

Many people are curious: why Guo Degang? Is "Turn right at the intersection ahead, you must not go wrong" a complete sentence that has been recorded long ago? The following article is based on the oral content of "Flower Underpants", one of Autonavi’s map product managers.

Driving navigation has now become an important channel for people to interact with mobile maps, and because of the uniqueness of driving scenarios, voice navigation has become an important function for mobile maps to play a guiding role. We signed Lin Zhiling as a spokesperson before and created the concept of "celebrity voice navigation". Lin Zhiling, as the "Muse" spokesperson of Autonavi maps, has a very unique voice navigation to help Autonavi maps enhance the reputation of many brands, but many female friends have expressed the need for a new voice other than Lin Zhiling.

Driving is actually a very boring and boring thing many times, especially in Beijing. If Lin Zhiling’s standard "baby voice" is not your cup of tea, then you may need a new navigation voice to "refresh".

Our cooperation with Guo Degang started in the second half of last year, and the selection of Guo Degang is actually a win-win situation: as a travel map application with more than 300 million users, Guo Degang’s endorsement is a strong addition to its own exposure; and for Autonavi, Guo Degang’s identity as a famous cross talk artist is in line with the product characteristics – professional and funny. Internet tool applications have developed to this day, and there is no much differentiation in basic capabilities. Humanization, entertainment, and personalization have become new ways to differentiate competition. Guo Degang is undoubtedly an excellent choice to generate chemical reactions with Autonavi maps.

I remember that in a navigation voice star selection poll held by Baidu Maps at the end of last year, Lin Zhiling Guo Degang won the first or second place. In fact, before Baidu Maps launched its research, we had already done relevant research. Combined with the product characteristics of navigation voice, we had already foreseen such results. The list of artists who are suitable for navigation and have appeal is actually not many, but it also proves that the two we signed do represent the needs and voices of users.

On December 18 last year, the happy navigation conference of Autonavi Maps was officially held. On that day, we witnessed the DAU of Autonavi Maps hit a record high. The whole city and major social media were talking about Guo Degang providing voice navigation for Autonavi Maps. We knew at that time that we signed Guo Degang correctly, and "Autonavi Gang" became another successful Internet product endorsement case. Since the two parties announced their cooperation on December 18, 2014, the product active level of Autonavi Maps has continued to rise – among them, the rate of new users has increased by 230%, the number of daily active users has increased by 36%, and the highest ranking of Autonavi Maps on the Apple App Store list has also rushed to the second place.

Many users are wondering why Guo Degang and Lin Zhiling can broadcast such complex place names, roads, and navigational movements for us. In fact, we use a TTS Text To Speech technology.

In the early stages of production, we would record some of the star’s fixed sentence pronunciation in the studio. There were about 2,000 such key sentences. Lin Zhiling spent three days recording in Taiwan at that time, and Teacher Guo also recorded it for nearly three days, which was very hard. Then, we will analyze their sentence and voice, extract their respective pronunciation rules, voiceprint details, tone and intonation and other characteristics, and use a series of complex algorithms to carry out Text To Speech, in order to fill in the lack of various "variable words" in the navigation voice, so as to form a complete and smooth star voice navigation voice.

In comparison to Lin Zhiling, Mr. Guo’s voice navigation version also added various funny jokes, such as "There are vehicles in front, don’t touch the cars that shouldn’t be touched!", "There are many accidents in front, and the tanks are all knocked over!" and so on, so Mr. Guo’s workload is also particularly large, and the content of all kinds of jokes is also brainstormed by various departments of our Autonavi map and the majority of netizens. Through the participation of Mr. Guo Degang, determine the jokes to be put into the navigation voice, and reduce them to an appropriate length to decide which navigation actions to appear in.

At the same time, we have also launched several popular dialect navigation voice packages, which are indeed personalized needs for some users. However, according to user feedback, the synthesis effect of Lin Zhiling, Guo Degang, and dialect navigation voice is still very good, especially the star voice, which has star characteristics and a high degree of synthesis reduction. Fans of Lin Zhiling and Guo Degang also like it, and they are very sure of our technical level.

At present, Autonavi is also the only Internet map manufacturer in China that can provide full voice navigation of celebrities. Friends are indeed lacking in this regard. They spend a lot of money to sign celebrities but only use 7 sentences from others, and switch voice guidance back and forth with standard female voices, which sounds very divisive.

There is another episode: this upgrade of Guo Degang’s navigation voice laughter version not only enhances the quantity and quality of Guo Degang’s sections, but also adds a random section function to various important navigation scenarios. For example, in the sharp turn prompt scenario, a total of 5 prompt sections in the voice library are randomly selected and played, which can increase the fun and make users feel happy. But it is such a seemingly simple change that places great pressure on research and development: the addition of random voice functions requires major changes or even rewrites to the traditional architecture and logic of the SDK, and as a PM, it has been under great pressure, but in the end, the R & D team completed the launch of this function under the impetus of cans of X cattle (and PM) – so a good voice navigation also requires a motivated and willing team.

Recently, Lin Chiling was ridiculed as "Navigation Muse" when she participated in the Dragon TV show "Sister Pattern", which surprised us who did not put this show at all. Therefore, celebrity endorsement should be like this: to achieve a win-win situation for the brand power of both stars and products, that is, to establish a strong connection between the public, and become each other’s attribution and label.

But at the same time, I also think that a good voice navigation is not just Lin Zhiling and Guo Degang. When AutoNavi released Guo Degang’s version of the voice navigation laughter version on March 13, Dong Zhenning, vice president of Autonavi, said: "If we want to do a professional voice navigation, we need to pay attention to four points. The first point is precision; the second point is intelligence; the third is humanization; and the fourth is entertainment."

We believe that the "four modernizations" should be a progressive relationship: precision refers to the fact that the underlying data supporting the navigation module must be complete and accurate, which is the foundation of the product. Autonavi has nearly 13 years of professional experience in this field; and on the basis of accurate data, it can use big data technology implementation "intelligence" to provide pain point functions such as avoiding congestion and route selection planning; humanization is the pursuit of the ultimate experience, such as the timing of voice prompts is just right, and the threshold for user understanding is low. And the final entertainment is to introduce various elements such as celebrity fun voice, so that users can enjoy professional services while also feeling happy from the heart.

Leifeng.com’s original articles are prohibited from being reproduced without authorization. For details, please refer to the reprinting instructions.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 8thQuestion: How to optimize nucleic acid detection and how to carry out home monitoring — — Press conference of the State Council joint defense and joint control mechanism responds to hot issues.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Gu Tiancheng, Li Heng and Peng Yunjia

　　Recently, the Comprehensive Group of Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council has successively published several guiding documents, such as the Notice on Further Optimizing and Implementing the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19 Epidemic, the Guide for Home Treatment of Covid-19 Infected Persons, and the Application Scheme of Covid-19 Antigen Detection. On the 8th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference, and made authoritative responses to hot issues such as optimizing nucleic acid detection, home monitoring and treatment, epidemic prevention and control in medical institutions, and vaccination for the elderly.

　　The State Council joint defense and control mechanism press conference site. Xinhua News Agency reporter Gu Tiancheng photo

　　How to optimize nucleic acid detection? Focus on high-risk areas and people

　　"Further optimize nucleic acid detection, emphasizing the need to focus on areas and people with high risk of infection." He Qinghua, a first-class inspector of the Department of Transmission and Prevention of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the scope and frequency of nucleic acid testing should be reduced mainly from four aspects.

　　First, not to carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing according to administrative regions; Second, except for special places such as nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, child care institutions, primary and secondary schools, negative proof of nucleic acid testing is not required; Third, no longer check the negative certificate or health code of nucleic acid testing for cross-regional migrants, and no longer carry out landing inspection; Fourth, according to the needs of epidemic prevention work, antigen testing can be carried out.

　　Wang Liping, a researcher at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced two categories of high-risk employees who need to carry out nucleic acid testing in accordance with relevant regulations: the first category is those with high risk of infection, such as entry personnel, staff in centralized isolation places, and medical staff in fever clinics; The second category is those with dense employees, frequent contacts and strong mobility, such as Shangchao staff, couriers, take-away staff and so on.

　　How can medical staff reduce infection? Strengthen scientific protection and resource scheduling.

　　Due to their special positions, medical staff will receive a large number of patients every day, so they are at high risk of infection.

　　"In order to minimize the risk of occupational exposure of medical staff, the management of medical institutions must meet a series of requirements." Guo Yanhong, director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said.

　　Guo Yanhong said, first, it is necessary to strengthen the management of key areas of medical institutions, such as fever clinics, emergency departments and wards. Medical staff should scientifically do personal protection, wear protective equipment, and strive to minimize the risk of occupational exposure. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the scheduling and preparation of medical resources.

　　Second, we should implement various measures to care for medical personnel, do a good job in vaccination and health monitoring of medical personnel, especially dynamically optimize and adjust the grouping of medical personnel, the allocation of medical forces and the arrangement of work shifts.

　　Third, medical institutions have a large flow of people and a large number of vulnerable people, so it is necessary to check the 48-hour negative nucleic acid certificate when entering medical institutions. Patients should do a good job of nucleic acid detection or antigen detection as early as possible. At the same time, once there is an emergency, even if the patient has no nucleic acid certificate, the treatment should be given priority to ensure the smooth development of the patient’s treatment.

　　What can be monitored at home? Mild and asymptomatic infections

　　"At present, the pathogenicity of Covid-19 Omicron virus strain has dropped significantly, and most of them are asymptomatic or mild after infection, so there are few severe cases." Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that most Covid-19-infected people can be observed and treated at home. During this period, personal health monitoring should be done well, and community doctors should be contacted at any time if there is any problem, and they should go to the hospital for treatment if necessary.

　　Wang Guiqiang said that the purpose of home isolation and observation treatment is to treat patients in different levels more accurately and effectively. Personal protection should be done for people who are isolated at home, and contact with family members as little as possible, and if they contact, they should keep a certain distance.

　　According to reports, the room where the home isolation personnel live should be ventilated every day, and it is best to use the bathroom alone and disinfect the environment frequently. When coughing or sneezing, cover it with a tissue. At the same time, personal belongings between people living together should not be mixed and separated as much as possible.

　　How to protect high-risk people? Implement preventive measures and make emergency plans.

　　The elderly and children are the groups that need special attention in the process of epidemic prevention and control, and the elderly are the serious and high-risk groups in COVID-19. Regarding the epidemic prevention and control of special institutions such as nursing homes and welfare homes, Guo Yanhong said that it is necessary to implement preventive measures and make emergency plans.

　　In terms of preventive measures, we should remind and assist the elderly and children to do hand hygiene. Staff should wear masks regularly to reduce the gathering and flow of people in the organization and reduce the risk of infection.

　　In terms of emergency plans, special institutions such as nursing homes and welfare homes should make relevant plans, and once infection occurs, they should be scientifically managed by districts. When necessary, large centralized pension institutions can send emergency vehicles to ensure that the infected elderly can be transported to the hospital in time when their condition gets worse.

　　"I hope that the elderly will take the initiative to vaccinate and escort their health." Xia Gang, director of the Department of Health and Immunity of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, said that vulnerable groups such as the elderly benefited the most from vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine. In the next step, we will continue to use mobile vaccination vehicles, set up special sessions for the elderly and open green channels for the elderly to facilitate vaccination.

　　How to use drugs for home treatment? Take medicine according to the symptoms, and don’t hoard medicine.

　　In view of the problem of drug use during home treatment that people are concerned about, Wang Guiqiang said that if symptoms such as fever and cough appear, you can take drugs according to the symptoms, but you don’t need to hoard drugs or buy drugs in large quantities.

　　Experts suggest that there are many analgesic drugs with different names, but the ingredients are the same. Don’t take them together, just take one. If you use too much or eat too much, it will cause a series of adverse reactions. People with basic diseases should ensure the use of drugs for basic diseases and not stop taking drugs. At the same time, antibacterial drugs should be used reasonably, not abused, and must be used under the guidance of a doctor.

　　What if the situation doesn’t get better after taking the medicine? Experts suggest that if you have difficulty breathing and shortness of breath, the original basic disease is aggravated, and the fever lasts for more than 3 days and exceeds 38.5℃, you should contact the community doctor in time. If the condition gets worse, you can contact 120 directly and go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time.

Si Haiying Zuo (Xinhua News Agency)

　　By the end of July this year, the loan balance of small and micro enterprises nationwide was 40.83 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.62% compared with the beginning of the year & mdash; This is the transcript of financial services for small and micro enterprises this year. Small and micro enterprises are the main components of the market with over 100 million households in China, and they are also the capillaries of the market economy. However, in the past, banking financial institutions were reluctant to lend, afraid of lending and unwilling to lend to small and micro enterprises. In recent years, the relevant departments have introduced a series of differentiated policies from the aspects of credit supply, capital supervision, bad tolerance and due diligence exemption, so that banks can "dare to lend, be willing to lend, be able to lend and be willing to lend".

　　Growth rate and number of small and micro loans in Shuang Sheng

　　This year, the first batch of supply chain bills in China, the first standardized bill for private enterprises, and the Suzhou Experimental Zone for Digital Credit Investigation of Small and Micro Enterprises … … In Jiangsu province, where the number of small and medium-sized enterprises exceeds 3 million and accounts for more than 90% of the total number of enterprises, these financial innovations have continuously broadened the financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Guo Xinming, president of Nanjing Branch of China People’s Bank, said that through the long-term mechanism and capacity building of "dare to lend, be willing to lend, be able to lend", the related work has achieved remarkable results. At the end of July, the balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions in the province was 15.1 trillion yuan, up 16.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.8 percentage points higher than that of the same period last year.

　　In Sichuan Province, there are more than 4.8 million individual industrial and commercial households, accounting for more than 70% of the market participants. The People’s Bank of China, together with the Market Supervision Bureau and the Private Office, launched the "Financial Manna" action plan for individual industrial and commercial households, focusing on individual industrial and commercial households without loans, and carried out the cultivation of first loan financing; Promote the improvement of financing level for individual industrial and commercial households with loans. By the end of July, the loan balance of individual industrial and commercial households in Sichuan was 284.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.8%, which was higher than the average growth rate of various loans. The number of new loan households is 58,000.

　　"Under the guidance of supervision and the joint support of various policies, banking financial institutions have continued to increase innovation, and the credit supply of small and micro enterprises has shown a rapid growth trend." Mao Hongjun, the first-level inspector of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission inclusive finance Department, said.

　　The data shows that as of the end of July this year, the loan balance of small and micro enterprises nationwide was 40.83 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.62% over the beginning of the year. Among them, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprise loans with a total credit of 10 million yuan or less per household was 13.91 trillion yuan, nearly doubling the balance compared with the beginning of 2018; Compared with the beginning of the year, the growth rate was 19.2%, which was 10.43 percentage points higher than the growth rate of various loans; The number of households with loan balance was 23,971,600, an increase of 2,852,300 compared with the beginning of the year, and the goal of "Shuang Sheng" in terms of growth rate and number of households was achieved in stages.

　　"Dare to lend and be willing to lend" adds endogenous motivation

　　In the past, small and micro enterprise loans often faced such problems. "Why are the grassroots institutions and personnel of banks reluctant to lend and unwilling to lend? Because it is not cost-effective, low performance or no performance. Why are you afraid of lending and afraid to lend? Because of the high non-performing rate and fear of accountability. Establishing and improving the mechanism of lending to small and micro enterprises is, in the final analysis, to solve the endogenous motivation problem of banks serving small and micro enterprises. " Mao Hongjun said.

　　In recent years, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has issued a series of differentiated regulatory incentive policies and guiding measures in the aspects of capital, internal assessment, risk management and due diligence exemption, so as to solve the problems of reluctance to lend and fear of lending.

　　For example, the differentiation of funds, that is, by guiding the internal capital transfer pricing of commercial banks to give preferential loans to small and micro enterprises, solves the problem that small and micro loans at the grassroots level of banks are not cost-effective. At present, national commercial banks give loans to small and micro enterprises at least 50 basis points in the internal fund transfer pricing, and some banks’ preferential efforts have reached more than 100 basis points.

　　In terms of risk management differentiation, the regulatory policy has clearly stated that the non-performing rate of inclusive small and micro enterprise loans can be higher than the tolerance of non-performing rate of various loans within 3 percentage points. In view of this year’s epidemic situation, it is especially proposed that commercial banks can appropriately increase the tolerance of non-performing loans to branches in areas seriously affected by the epidemic situation.

　　"These differentiated guiding policies and requirements, we have specially set indicators for assessment, in order to supervise the ‘ Baton ’ Guide and urge banks ‘ Make up short board and forge long board ’ Continuously deepen the construction of institutional mechanisms. " Mao Hongjun said.

　　Strong service skills of "being able to lend and lending"

　　"Dare to lend, willing to lend" is mainly a mechanism problem, while "ability to lend, will lend" is more a problem of ability, which requires the professional service ability of banks.

　　Focus on solving the problem of "no loans". In Sichuan, the People’s Bank of China supported corporate institutions to replenish capital through multiple channels, eased the constraint of capital on credit growth, and used the central bank’s refinancing to increase banks’ low-cost loanable funds. At the end of August, the province’s refinancing balance increased by 63.2% year-on-year. From January to August, banks in the province put 232 credit products into the market, including 71 credit loan products.

　　Improve the professionalism of banking institutions’ "meeting loans". In Jiangsu, banking institutions actively carry out financial product innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the financial service ability of "direct access to small and micro enterprises". By the end of July, 107 banking institutions in Jiangsu Province had lent 101.2 billion yuan to 105,000 small and medium-sized enterprises relying on 230 online financial products. At the same time, actively promote credit models such as "accounts receivable pledge financing", "micro-loan technology" and "credit factory" to help small and medium-sized enterprises "increase their credit coverage".

　　For talents, technology, products, information, etc., the regulators also actively promote the professional capacity building of banks. For example, in terms of technology, big data is used to help solve the bottleneck of "lack of information and lack of credit". Let banking financial institutions widely connect with information and data related to enterprises in the public sector, develop big data risk control models, conduct customer exploration, access and credit granting, and accurately "portrait" customers. On this basis, we will promote the "small micro-fast loan" model of online processing in the whole process and centralized approval of risk control in the background, effectively expanding the service coverage of small and micro enterprises. (Reporter Li Wei)

　　The adoption of the Gregorian calendar by our government began in the Republic of China. Therefore, in China, the history of New Year’s Day is less than a hundred years.

　　On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president in Nanjing, announcing the establishment of the provisional government of the Republic of China. At the same time, the "Declaration of the Provisional President" was issued, and the time at the end of the declaration was "New Year’s Day of the first year of the Republic of China". This is the first time that the Gregorian calendar has been used in the official proclamation, and it is also the first time that the word "New Year’s Day" with modern significance has been used. Subsequently, Sun Yat-sen ordered that in order to "do summer, it is suitable for farming; From the western calendar, so statistics ",switch to the solar calendar. On January 2, Sun Yat-sen electrified the provinces to change their calendars, and took January 1, 1912 as the beginning of the founding of the Republic of China.

　　From then on, China began to adopt the western calendar, taking January 1 of the Gregorian calendar as the New Year’s Day. Throughout the Republic of China, in fact, in the daily life of our people, the traditional lunar calendar was still used, but the first day of the first lunar month was generally called the Spring Festival. Since then, New Year’s Day and Spring Festival have been divided into two festivals, but New Year’s Day is still often used as a synonym for Spring Festival. For example, in January 1930, when Mao Zedong commanded the Red Army to fight in Jiangxi, he wrote a poem "Dream of New Year’s Day" with the words: "Ninghua, Cleanliness, Naturalization, and the roads are deep and slippery. Where to go today, pointing to Wuyi Mountain. Under the mountain, the red flag is picturesque. " New Year’s Day here means the same as Spring Festival.

　　At the beginning of the Gregorian calendar in China, Lu Xun wrote an article "Habits and Reform", in which he said: "Even the unemployed people in Shanghai and employees of the company lamented, or it was very inconvenient for farmers to cultivate, or it was very inconvenient for seagoing ships to wait for the tide. Therefore, we actually think of farmers in the countryside and boats at sea who have been irrelevant for a long time. This is really like fraternity. "

　　On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the China People’s Political Consultative Conference resolved: "The chronology of People’s Republic of China (PRC) adopts the AD chronology method." As a result, the Chinese government has adopted a more thorough method of AD chronology, and all government announcements, statistical reports, newspaper mastheads, etc. adopt the Gregorian calendar. The traditional lunar calendar in China has completely disappeared from official documents except that it is marked behind the Gregorian calendar in the headlines of important newspapers. The New Year’s Day holiday was also stipulated as one of the four legal holidays in China in the "National Holidays and Remembrance Days" adopted at the meeting of the Special Council (now the State Council) on December 23rd, 1949. Today, the calendar year and New Year’s Day festivals have gradually become universal, popular and stable among Chinese people. New Year’s Day and Spring Festival are no longer mixed in appellation. For example, in 1952, President Mao Zedong’s Speech at the New Year’s Day Group Meeting, New Year’s Day here refers to the Gregorian New Year’s Day.

　　New Year’s Day is an international festival, and different nationalities have different stories about the origin of New Year’s Day. It was the ancient Egyptians who first named New Year’s Day. Because of the need to calculate the Nile flood cycle, astronomy and solar calendar in ancient Egypt came into being. 7000 years ago, after long-term observation, the ancient Egyptians found that whenever Sirius rose with the sun, the Nile rose immediately, and it was always about 365 days before the next time. So ancient Egypt took the day when the Nile rose as the beginning of the new year, which was called the "Rising Water New Year". This is about the earliest origin of New Year’s Day.

　　Today’s Gregorian calendar, named after its universal use in all countries in the world, is a kind of solar calendar that people are most familiar with, also known as western calendar, solar calendar and Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar adopts the chronological method, which is calculated from the year when Jesus was born, which is closely related to the prosperity of Christianity. This calendar is saturated with the civilization created by human beings for thousands of years. After learning the essence of the Egyptian calendar, the ancient Romans formulated a more accurate julian calendar during the reign of Julius Caesar. With the expansion of Roman Empire and the spread of Christianity, julian calendar spread all over the world. On March 1st, 1582, Pope Gregory XIII reformed the calendar and decided to adopt the plan of Italian doctor Lirio. In 400 years, the three extra leap years in julian calendar were eliminated, with an average annual length of 5: 49: 12 on 365 days, 26 seconds longer than the return. Although according to this calculation, there will still be an error of one day after about 3000 years, but this accuracy is quite remarkable. This is the origin of the Gregorian calendar we use today, also known as the Gregorian calendar.

　　Due to the influence of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British, German, American and other Christian countries in the last 500 years, and because of the relative accuracy of the Gregorian calendar, the calendar method of the year of the AD has been adopted by countries all over the world. As a holiday, New Year’s Day is not comparable to Christmas in the west and Spring Festival in China, but it has become a worldwide holiday because of its secularity and non-religion.

　　Due to the different longitude positions of countries in the world, the time of celebrating New Year’s Day is different in different countries, so the date of New Year’s Day is different. For example, Tonga, an island country in Oceania, is located on the west side of the date line. It is the first place in the world to start a new day, so it is also the first country in the world to celebrate New Year’s Day. Western Samoa, located on the east side of the Japanese date line, is the place where a new day begins at the latest in the world, so it is also the country that celebrates New Year’s Day at the latest in the world. According to the Gregorian calendar, China is the 12th country in the world to start the New Year.

　　At the same time, based on the differences between the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere, New Year’s Day in countries in the northern hemisphere happens to be winter, or the wind is cold, or the snow is fluttering, or the winter sun shines brightly … while countries in the southern hemisphere welcome the New Year in summer, and their feelings of celebrating the holidays are very different.

　　
In addition to the above reasons, due to the different cultural traditions of various ethnic groups, the date of New Year’s Day in some countries is not January 1 of the Gregorian calendar. For example, Iran implements the Islamic calendar, and celebrating the New Year means celebrating the arrival of spring. Its season and month are not fixed, usually in the late March of the Gregorian calendar. India starts from October 31st every year as the New Year, which lasts for five days, and the fourth day is New Year’s Day. The traditional Thai New Year’s Songkran Festival (Songkran is a Sanskrit transliteration), also known as the Songkran Festival, is from April 13th to 16th every year in the Gregorian calendar.

On August 1st, Gong Lixiao won the women’s shot put in Tokyo Olympic Games, which was the first gold medal of China track and field team in this Olympic Games. After the game, CCTV reporters said in an interview with Gong Lixiao that "Gong Lixiao left me the image of a woman man", and even in the interview, they asked "What are the plans for the girl’s life next?" "What about the boyfriend?" "I think he may not be able to beat you in wrist wrestling", and the interview in just a few minutes caused a heated discussion.

In the interview, the reporter seems to set the female man against the girl, but isn’t the female man also a girl? Is it only the "white, thin and young" wrapped by traditional aesthetics that is the beauty of women? Of course not. The beauty of women is not single, let alone defined by traditional aesthetic values. Gong Lixiao, as a shot putter, may not be thin, but it doesn’t mean that she is not beautiful, that she doesn’t have the right to love beauty, and that she can’t belittle the feminine beauty in her body at will. Gong Lixiao’s self-confidence, persistence and persistent pursuit of dreams shine on her, which is the strength of women and the beauty of a healthy and confident woman.

In an interview in 2015, Gong Lixiao said, "This year is the 15th year for me to practice shot put. After all, we are girls, especially when we go out, we will pay more attention to our image. But when many people see us at ordinary times, they all say’ Look at this big fat man’. Some of them don’t know us and think we are not in good shape. " Although this sentence is slightly bitter, Gong Lixiao said it with a smile. It’s not that they don’t love beauty and don’t want to be the so-called "girls" in the traditional sense. Gong Lixiao once lost 30 Jin, but her performance declined seriously because of the weight loss. In order to keep her grades, she began to gain weight, and she kept her weight only to get better grades.

After this Olympic shot put final, when asked whether she would retire, she said, "I will keep practicing until I can’t, as long as my country needs it." Gong Lixiao, 32, who has participated in four Olympic Games, touched us. We have seen divers with beautiful nails painted on the springboard of Tokyo Water Sports Center, sprinters with red hair flying in the track and field, and women’s volleyball players who were stabbed with pink hair on the court. They are female athletes and girls. They show the world the unique strength and speed of women. They confidently radiate the light and beauty of women.

"What about the boyfriend?" This is not exclusive to Gong Lixiao, but a question that many female athletes will be asked. When Yang Qian was interviewed after winning the championship twice, he was asked many times about choosing a spouse. The three-person women’s basketball team made history and won the bronze medal. Yang Shuyu, born in 2002, could not escape being questioned about the criteria of mate selection. Is the "end point" and focus of girls’ lives marriage? Of course not. Girls’ lives should not only be about love and marriage. Women also have glory and dreams, and also have the right and strength to keep fighting. Their lives should not be held hostage by looks, marriage and family. They belong to themselves, and they also have unique life values, which is the true beauty of women.

We expect the public’s eyes to stop focusing on their private lives and pay more attention to their achievements and strength: Yang Qian not only has nails and hair clips, but also the strength of world champions; Yang Shuyu is not only handsome, but also has super ability; Guo Jingjing is not only a rich daughter-in-law, but also a diving queen. The strength of these women is enough for them to stand side by side with men, and they also shine, which is the light of women and the beauty of women.

Nowadays, the beauty of women is no longer limited to the beauty of appearance under the traditional aesthetic of "Lin Daiyu style", and the strength of women is rising. Women are playing their important roles in all walks of life and becoming an indispensable part of society. Not only female athletes, every girl has the right to love beauty and the freedom to pursue beauty, but the beauty they pursue is diverse and beauty should not be defined by a single standard. Girls should not be confined to traditional aesthetics. The beauty of women can’t be denied because of their appearance. The beauty of women can’t be judged and examined by anyone. The beauty of women can only be defined by themselves.

We long for the beauty of women to be no longer solidified by a single criterion. We hope that more people will accept the diverse beauty of women. We call on the society to give more tolerance and love to women and let girls shine.

Text/Shen Yanqi (Hunan Normal University)