What should we pay attention to during the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday？ China CDC issued a reminder.
Cctv newsAccording to China CDC WeChat WeChat official account, a health reminder for the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday in 2021 was released on the 18th.
It is pointed out that the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday is approaching, and all localities are about to usher in the peak period of travel and visiting relatives and friends. In order to safely and healthily enjoy the good autumn season and get together with friends and relatives, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminds us that during the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday this year, we should focus on the prevention and prevention of COVID-19, norovirus enteritis, hand, foot and mouth disease, animal-borne diseases and food poisoning.
The key tips are as follows:
1. Prevention in COVID-19:
Avoid going to high-risk areas in the epidemic, especially avoiding unnecessary cross-border travel.
Continue to do a good job of self-protection, insist on wearing masks, keep social distance, do a good job of personal hygiene, and keep the environment well ventilated.
Before traveling, know the policies and measures of epidemic prevention and control in the destination in advance, and prepare personal protective equipment.
Avoid places with crowded people, closed space and poor ventilation. Continue to do a good job in self-health monitoring. When suspicious symptoms appear, you should see a doctor in time while taking measures to prevent others from being infected.
2. Norovirus enteritis prevention:
Wash your hands frequently.
Do not eat undercooked and cooked food and unsterilized milk.
Do not drink raw water.
Don’t eat unclean fruits and vegetables.
Do not touch the patient, the patient’s vomit, excrement and its contaminated items, and pollute the environment.
3. Prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease:
Pay attention to personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene.
Don’t share things with others, don’t touch patients and their polluted things, pollute the environment, and don’t swim or play in the unsterilized swimming pool.
During the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease, try to avoid taking children to participate in group activities.
4. Prevention of animal-borne diseases:
Avoid entering the habitats of wild birds, marmots and other animals, and do not touch or eat wild animals.
Try to avoid direct contact with any animals, especially those of unknown origin, and do not dispose of dead animals without permission.
Do not buy live poultry from live poultry markets, live poultry stalls in farmers’ markets or mobile vendors.
Do not eat undercooked and thoroughly cooked animal products.
Choose fresh and safe animal food raw materials, and separate raw and cooked when processing.
5. Food poisoning prevention:
Choose a regular restaurant or restaurant with good sanitary conditions.
Do not eat food of unknown origin.
Do not collect or eat unknown wild mushrooms and wild plants.
Characteristics of related risks and specific preventive measures
1. novel coronavirus
COVID-19 cases continue to be imported in China, and the local epidemic situation is sporadic in general, while the local epidemic situation is clustered from time to time. On September 15th, most areas in China were low-risk areas, and only middle and high-risk areas existed in Xianyou County, Putian City, Fujian Province, Tongan District, Xiamen City and Quangang District, Quanzhou City. However, at present, the global epidemic situation is in the high platform period of the third peak, and the COVID-19 epidemic situation continues to prevail in many foreign countries and regions. During the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday in 2021, the epidemic situation abroad will remain at a high level, and the risk of imported epidemic situation and local spread will also persist.
The main sources of infection in COVID-19 are confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected persons. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact, and articles contaminated by viruses can also cause infection. It is possible to spread through aerosols when exposed to high concentrations of aerosols in a relatively closed environment. People are generally susceptible. Some immunity can be obtained after infection or vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine.
The main clinical manifestations are fever, dry cough and fatigue. Some patients have the first symptoms such as decreased or lost sense of smell and taste, and a few patients are accompanied by symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, conjunctivitis, myalgia and diarrhea.
Main preventive measures
1. At present, the epidemic situation in many countries abroad is serious, and the risk of infection in personal outbound travel is high. According to local prevention and control policies, entry personnel must provide strict double-negative test certificates (those with vaccination history only need negative nucleic acid test), and after entry, they need to be isolated for medical observation for 14 days plus home health monitoring for 7 days. Individuals are advised to fully weigh the timing and necessity of travel and avoid unnecessary cross-border travel.
2. At present, there are only medium and high-risk areas in Xianyou County, Putian City, Fujian Province, Tongan District, Xiamen City, and Quangang District, Quanzhou City. If it is not necessary, it is recommended not to go for the time being. The risk level of COVID-19 epidemic in all parts of China can be queried in real time in the website column of the State Council (bmfw.www.gov.cn/yqfxdjcx/risk.html), mobile phone application "the State Council Client" or WeChat applet.
3. During holidays, we should strengthen self-protection, insist on wearing masks, keep social distance, do personal hygiene well, and keep the environment well ventilated. Avoid activities in places where people gather, the space is closed and the ventilation is poor.
4. Before traveling, know the epidemic prevention policies and measures of the destination COVID-19 in advance, and prepare personal protective equipment such as masks, hand sanitizers and disinfectant wipes. Policies and measures for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in all parts of China can be queried in real time on the website column of the State Council (www.gov.cn/zhuanti/2021yqfkgdzc/index.htm), the mobile phone application "the State Council Client" or WeChat applet.
5. During the trip, you should abide by the order and crew management requirements when taking planes, trains, cars, ships and other means of transportation, wear masks all the time, do a good job of hand hygiene, and properly keep the bills for travel inquiry. If you have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, loss of smell and taste during the trip, you should go to the nearest medical institution immediately and cancel or suspend the trip if you take measures to prevent others from being infected.
6. After returning from a trip, you should stay in self-observation for 14 days. Once you have suspicious symptoms, you should seek medical advice in time and take the initiative to inform the doctor of your travel history, provided that you take measures to prevent others from being infected.
7. During holidays, you should also be vaccinated according to the arrangement, and don’t affect vaccination because of travel.
2. Norovirus enteritis
Norovirus enteritis can occur all year round, with high incidence in winter and spring in China. Norovirus enteritis is easy to cause multiple people to concentrate in a short time in schools, kindergartens, hospitals and other crowded places. Outbreaks often occur in tour groups, cruise ships and holiday centers. In recent years, China has reported several outbreaks in tour groups at home and abroad.
People usually get infected through the following ways: eating or drinking food or water contaminated by norovirus, putting their fingers in their mouths after touching objects or surfaces contaminated by the virus, and touching infected people (such as taking care of patients, sharing food with patients or sharing tableware). Shellfish products such as oysters and raw fruits and vegetables are also common foods that cause infection.
Norovirus enteritis is mainly mild, and the most common clinical symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills and muscle aches. Most patients can recover after 2-3 days of symptoms. A few cases will develop into severe illness or even death, and the high-risk groups of severe illness or death are the elderly and young children.
Main preventive measures
Pay attention to washing hands frequently, especially before and after meals and before processing food;
Do not drink raw water;
Do not eat uncooked food and unpasteurized milk, shellfish and seafood such as oysters should be eaten after deep processing;
Fruits and vegetables should be carefully washed before eating, and do not eat unclean fruits and vegetables.
Do not contact patients, patients’ vomit, excreta, their pollutants and the environment.
Patients with norovirus enteritis should be isolated from illness to 3 days after rehabilitation. Mild patients can be isolated at home or in the epidemic organization, and severe patients need to be sent to medical institutions for isolation treatment.
The environment or surface of an object contaminated by vomit or excrement of the patient should be cleaned and disinfected by trained personnel with chlorine-containing disinfectant or other effective disinfectants, and the contaminated clothes or sheets should be taken off and cleaned immediately. During disinfection and cleaning, masks and rubber or disposable gloves should be worn, and hands should be carefully cleaned and disinfected after cleaning.
3, hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children, with children aged 5 and below as the main victims. April-June is the high incidence season of hand, foot and mouth disease in China every year, and there will be a small peak in autumn in some areas (especially in the south) from October to November.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly infected by close contact with patients’ feces, herpes fluid, nasopharyngeal secretions and saliva, and contact with contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, bottles, bedding and other items or the environment.
Hand-foot-mouth disease is usually mild and self-limited, and can be fully recovered after 7-10 days. Children often have fever, loss of appetite, fatigue or sore throat at the beginning of the disease. After 1-2 days of fever, blisters appear on the tongue, gums and/or cheeks, and the pain is obvious. These blisters are small red spots at the beginning and then form ulcers. In addition, most children will have rashes on the palms and soles of their feet, which are usually not itchy, some rashes have blisters, and other parts such as buttocks, knees, elbows and trunk may also have rashes. Some cases have no fever. A few patients will have serious complications, such as encephalitis, brainstem encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary failure and so on.
Main preventive measures
Pay attention to personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene.
Wash your hands with clean water, hand sanitizer or soap before touching your mouth and nose, before eating and defecating, before processing food, after touching herpes/respiratory secretions, after changing diapers or handling items contaminated by feces;
Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or paper towel when sneezing or coughing, then wrap the paper towel and throw it into a covered trash can;
Do not share towels or other personal items with others;
Do not contact patients and their contaminated articles, and pollute the environment;
Do not swim or play in the unsterilized swimming pool.
Always clean and disinfect the surfaces of articles or objects that are often in contact, such as toys and furniture. After cleaning, wipe them with chlorine-containing disinfectant or soak them for disinfection. After 30 minutes, wipe them with clean water or rinse them off.
Nasopharyngeal secretions, vomit, feces, their pollutants and environmental pollution of patients should be cleaned and disinfected by trained personnel.
During the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease, try to avoid taking children to participate in group activities.
4. Animals spread diseases
Humans may be infected with animal-borne diseases such as avian influenza, plague, rabies, brucellosis and anthrax through contact with animals (such as feeding, stroking, slaughtering, stripping, processing, etc.), eating undercooked animal products (such as meat, eggs, milk, etc.) and contacting with animal habitat environment.
Main preventive measures
Avoid entering the habitats of wild birds, marmots and other animals, and do not touch or eat wild animals.
Try to avoid direct contact with any animals, especially those of unknown origin, and do not dispose of dead animals without permission.
Don’t buy live poultry from live poultry markets, live poultry stalls in farmers’ markets or mobile vendors, and encourage the purchase of chilled or chilled poultry that have been slaughtered centrally.
Do not eat undercooked meat, eggs, milk and other animal products.
Choose fresh and safe animal food raw materials, and pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked food when processing.
5, food poisoning
May-October is the high incidence month of food poisoning in China. During holidays, the chances of gathering and eating out increase, and the risk of food poisoning increases accordingly. Food poisoning caused by microorganisms is the most common in mainland China, and other poisoning such as wild bacteria and wild plants also occur from time to time. Wild mushroom poisoning can cause functional or organic damage to human body, and even endanger life.
Food poisoning usually occurs in a short time after eating, with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Abdominal pain, persistent or paroxysmal colic in the middle abdomen are more common, and vomit is mostly food to eat; Often vomit first and then diarrhea.
Main preventive measures
Pay attention to food safety.
When eating out, pay attention to choosing a regular restaurant or restaurant with good sanitary conditions.
Do not eat food of unknown origin, collect or eat unknown wild mushrooms and plants.
Do not eat uncooked and cooked food and unsterilized milk.
Don’t eat unclean fruits and vegetables.
Choose fresh and safe food raw materials, and pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked food during processing.