Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 12th Question: In the next five years, social security, income distribution and pension will usher in six major changes.

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter Jiang Lin

　　Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently published the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Human Resources and Social Security on its website. The plan has made all-round arrangements for improving the social security system and deepening the reform of the income distribution system of enterprises and institutions. There are many policy breakthroughs, and a series of changes will take place in social security, pensions and wage income in the next five years.

　　[Change 1] Social security: The level of treatment will be steadily improved.

　　Social security benefits are linked to people’s life-saving money and pension money. The plan sets "steadily improving the level of social security benefits" as one of the main goals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Clear planning, promote the linkage adjustment of social insurance benefits and economic and social development, comprehensively consider factors such as price changes, average wage growth of employees, fund affordability and financial situation, improve the adjustment mechanism of employees’ basic old-age insurance and work-related injury insurance benefits, and improve the linkage mechanism of unemployment insurance protection standards and price increases.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from 2012 to 2020, the monthly per capita pension of enterprise employees increased from 1,686 yuan to about 2,900 yuan, and the national average monthly unemployment insurance premium level increased from 686 yuan to 1,506 yuan. This year, the basic pension for employees has achieved "17 consecutive rises", and the rising benefits have been paid in place recently, and it is expected to continue to rise in the future according to the planning requirements.

　　The plan also proposes to fully implement the basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents and the normal adjustment mechanism for basic pensions, gradually raise the basic pension standards for urban and rural residents, increase the coverage rate of enterprise annuities, and promote the development of individual pensions.

　　A series of new measures will continue to improve the "gold content" of social security and make the bottom line of people’s livelihood security more secure.

　　[Change 2] Income distribution: "Lowering and expanding" to narrow the gap.

　　Focusing on the requirement of more actively promoting common prosperity during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, we plan to make a package of policy arrangements according to different categories and circumstances.

　　For example, focus on non-public enterprises, improve the effectiveness of collective wage negotiation, and strive to increase the labor remuneration of front-line workers; Strengthen the prior guidance on the salary distribution of different industries and groups, and explore the release of salary distribution guidelines that reflect the characteristics of different industries and groups.

　　Institutions gradually realize the normal adjustment of the total performance pay, implement the separate performance pay for high-level talents, explore the incentive and restraint mechanism of income distribution for major leaders, deepen the reform of the salary system in public hospitals, promote the reform of the salary system in universities and research institutes, and improve the salary and welfare policies for firefighters.

　　State-owned enterprises generally implement full performance management, establish a salary system for core key talents with market competitive advantages, and promote the distribution to talents who have made outstanding contributions and front-line key positions.

　　The plan also plans to continuously increase the proportion of middle-income groups, focusing on graduates from universities and vocational colleges, skilled workers, small and micro entrepreneurs, and migrant workers.

　　Experts said that these arrangements reflect a general trend, that is, in the next few years, the government will strengthen the regulation and guidance of wage income distribution in enterprises and institutions, and narrow the income gap by "lowering the income and expanding the income" to make more ordinary people’s "money bags" bulge.

　　[Change 3] Pension: gradually increase the minimum payment period.

　　According to the Social Insurance Law, individuals who participate in the basic old-age insurance will receive the basic old-age pension on a monthly basis if they have accumulated contributions for fifteen years when they reach the statutory retirement age. However, with the deepening of population aging, this provision will be adjusted during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　The plan proposes to gradually increase the minimum payment period for receiving basic old-age pension and revise the number of months for calculating individual accounts for basic old-age insurance for employees.

　　"These are all made by the state to ensure the balance of pensions ‘ Combination boxing ’ It is an inevitable measure in the context of China’s aging. " Zheng Bingwen, director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.

　　According to Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security’s estimation, the number of new retirees will exceed 40 million during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the working-age population will decrease by 35 million.

　　Zheng Bingwen said that appropriately increasing the minimum payment period, paying more and getting more pensions will be beneficial to improving the replacement rate of individual pensions and the sustainability of the system.

　　Experts said that the increase in the minimum payment period has little impact on employees of enterprises and institutions, mainly affecting flexible employees. The latter is completely paid by itself, and it is common to pay according to the minimum age. The final increase of several years needs to be determined according to the average employment years of Chinese workers.

　　[Change 4] Work-related injury insurance for flexible employees: Take-away riders will no longer be "streaking"

　　Authoritative data show that the number of flexible employees in China has reached 200 million, and the number of workers in new employment forms has increased significantly in recent years. In 2020, the number of people providing services in the sharing economy will be about 84 million. However, according to the current regulations, the relationship between flexible employees and employees is unstable, and it is impossible to obtain institutional guarantees such as work injury insurance and unemployment insurance.

　　In view of these pain points and difficult problems, the plan proposes to establish and improve the labor rights protection mechanism for workers in new employment forms; Formulate pilot measures for occupational injury protection and promote the pilot of occupational injury protection for flexible employees on the platform; Release the household registration restrictions for flexible employees to participate in social insurance in their places of employment.

　　"Filling in the shortcomings of security in time and improving the systems of employment, labor remuneration, social insurance and skills training will not only help safeguard the labor rights and interests of workers in new employment forms, but also help promote flexible employment and increase jobs and people’s income." Zhang Chenggang, director of the New Employment Form Research Center in China, capital university of economics and business, said.

　　According to the deployment of relevant departments, the next step will be to clarify the responsibility of Internet platform enterprises to protect the rights and interests of workers, and provide fair protection for flexible employees on the platform that is generally consistent with the treatment of work-related injury insurance, so that take-away riders will no longer be "streaking".

　　[Change 5] Work-related injury insurance for civil servants and public employees: to achieve wide coverage and full inclusion.

　　It is another new requirement of this plan to realize the wide coverage of industrial injury insurance policy to professional workers and bring all civil servants and staff of organs (units) managed according to the civil service law into the industrial injury insurance system.

　　It is understood that China’s industrial injury insurance system was gradually established on the basis of the "Trial Measures for Industrial Injury Insurance for Enterprise Employees" in the 1990 s. Civil servants and public employees were not included in it at first. If they were injured due to work reasons, they were mainly given pensions and preferential treatment by the civil affairs departments with reference to the corresponding regulations.

　　However, the coverage of pension and preferential treatment is narrower than that of industrial injury protection. Civil servants and public employees who encounter traffic accidents that are not their main responsibility on their way to and from work, sudden death at work or occupational diseases may not be effectively guaranteed.

　　In order to promote civil servants to participate in social insurance according to law and enjoy insurance benefits in accordance with state regulations, in recent years, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has actively supported and encouraged all localities to include civil servants in the scope of industrial injury insurance. Up to now, more than 20 provinces in China have incorporated civil servants into the industrial injury insurance system as a whole, and some cities in other provinces have also carried out pilot work of civil servants participating in industrial injury insurance.

　　According to the plan, in addition to achieving full coverage of civil servants and public employees, China will also study and improve the relevant systems and supporting measures for industrial injury insurance, focusing on high-risk industries, and continue to expand the coverage of industrial injury insurance, so that the number of people participating in industrial injury insurance will increase from 268 million at the end of 2020 to 280 million in 2025.

　　[Change 6] Protection of workers’ rest rights and interests: improve the system of working hours, rest and vacation.

　　In view of the problems of enterprises working overtime and forced work in bad weather, the plan responds to social concerns, proposes to improve the working hours, rest and vacation system, and specially deploys and carries out the management of outstanding employment problems in key industries.

　　"With the increasing number of non-standard labor relations, it is urgent to make more careful and scientific arrangements for the working hours of workers in new employment forms to safeguard the rights and interests of workers." Su Hainan, a special researcher in china association for labour studies, said.

　　Many experts believe that Internet platform enterprises should be urged to reasonably determine the longest online hours or working hours per day and arrange breaks. At the same time, strengthen labor supervision and law enforcement to provide basic rights and interests protection for workers with flexible employment and new employment forms.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Transport and other departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Protecting the Legal Rights and Interests of Courier Groups", explicitly requiring relevant parties to study and formulate the labor quota standards for couriers, determine the minimum labor remuneration standards for couriers and the annual labor remuneration increase, and implement the paid vacation system for courier companies.

　　Build the Great Wall of Epidemic Prevention and Youth

　　"Retrograde" is the first line of anti-epidemic, and college youth after 90 s and 95 s are in action!

　　Shanghai Jiao Tong University

　　I am proud of my dedication to my country and nursing career.

　　Fu Jiashun, who went out on New Year’s Eve, was born in 1992. He is a nurse in the intensive care unit of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. He is one of the few male nurses in the hospital and one of the first to volunteer. He wrote this in his diary:

　　God bless Wuhan! We can win!

　　Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine South Campus

　　Fu Jiashun, ICU nurse

　　January 26, 2020

　　six o’clock

　　When I woke up early, I reported my parents’ safety on WeChat. My mother said that my only son rushed to the front line and was too worried to sleep, but he still understood and supported my choice.

　　nine o’clock

　　We went to the hospital with the medical team leaders to understand the situation and connect with the departments. Compared with Shanghai, there is a gap in local medical and health conditions, facilities and equipment, and there is a shortage of medical personnel and medical materials. Comrades received notices one after another and went to the clinical front line in the afternoon, which inevitably made them feel a little embarrassed.

　　twelve o’clock

　　Everyone ate a light meal in a hurry. At noon, I received messages of concern from all parties, and the leaders of the hospital once again clearly pointed out that they had difficulties and found organizations and leaders. Tell teammates in different hospitals to cooperate more, care more and take care more. This is our powerful shield! Come on!

　　one o’clock pm

　　From today, we will take over the second floor and the third floor in the north, which are basically standardized infectious disease wards, and the second floor is a general ward to treat confirmed patients; On the third floor, critically ill patients were treated, and the ward of simple intensive care unit was equipped with non-invasive ventilator. The protective measures were basically in place, but the supply may be difficult in the later period, and the atmosphere at the scene was dignified again.

　　half past one p.m.

　　After the noon meeting, the hospitals took the initiative to count the materials and make the next use plan. We unified the management of the facilities we brought, and first supplied the comrades who went to the clinical front line in the afternoon. Use what you bring first, and then try to adjust it if it is not enough. I hope there is no need to adjust.

　　three o’clock pm

　　"There are still 5 minutes, please finish the training of comrades who go to work today, put on protective clothing and set off immediately!" It’s too late to say goodbye to the comrades who rushed to the ward this afternoon, stand up and watch, and pay tribute to the pioneers! Safe return is victory!

　　half past three p.m.

　　Take out your mobile phone and review the training content of virus diagnosis, treatment and protection.

　　six o’clock pm

　　After a hasty dinner, the medical and nursing team leader held a WeChat meeting to arrange the follow-up work urgently.

　　"It was hard to imagine that in peacetime, we had the opportunity to contribute to the country and nursing in this way. I am very proud! The difficulty is temporary. I believe that our motherland will finally be able to step through the snow! "

　　Tongji University

　　Short hair after 1995 to support Wuhan

　　Zhao Qingya, born in 1996 in the Oriental Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, is a member of the second batch of medical teams supporting Wuhan in Shanghai.

　　As a Communist party member, she cut her hair short when she left Shanghai for Wuhan.

　　On January 31st, Zhao Qingya entered the intensive care unit on the first day during her aid to Han. On that day, she wrote a diary like this:

　　Looking forward to spring blossoms, come on together.

　　At that time, no one is allowed to be absent

　　The alarm clock rang at 6 o’clock in the morning, and I rubbed my eyes. Today is the first day for the first group to enter the intensive care unit. I got up, washed in a hurry, brought my equipment, gathered downstairs at 7 o’clock, and set off for Wuhan Third Hospital by bus.

　　From the clean area to the semi-polluted area and then to the polluted area, it took us half an hour to wear isolation gown and protective clothing. Finally, there was a sensitive teacher who helped us to pass the last pass and really became a white soldier.

　　We walked into the makeshift simple intensive care unit on the 11th floor. There were 8 people in our class, and I was assigned to two rooms and four beds, mainly to do basic nursing, infusion, blood sugar and blood gas measurement for patients, assist patients to do examinations, record vital signs and observe patients’ condition. Because they are from Hubei, I can understand their dialects and know their needs more quickly.

　　An aunt told me that she was particularly scared. She took my hand and told me not to go. At that time, my heart was particularly uncomfortable. How painful she should be to hold my hand. I comforted her and did psychological care. When she is relieved, I want her to eat some rice and enhance her immunity so that she can get better quickly. With my help, have a bite of rice and take a ventilator for a while, that’s all.

　　I am very happy to see a little food left. Although it is insignificant, it makes me feel very gratified. Her efforts and refueling are the driving force for us to move forward. None of us will abandon Hubei when it is in trouble!

　　Every retrograde person should come back safely!

　　How much you want to go out, how much we want to go home. Stop your travel, we are one step closer to victory!

　　Southwest medical university

　　A 25-year-old girl signed up to support Wuhan without telling her parents.

　　Following the first batch of 35 medical staff, yesterday, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine organized 14 medical staff to form the second batch of medical teams to help Hubei fight the epidemic!

　　It is understood that among the 49 rescuers in Southwest Medical University, there are 20 communist party member and 15 post-90s.

　　The affiliated hospital of the school and the affiliated Chinese medicine hospital received an urgent notice from the provincial health and health commission at 2: 30 pm on February 1, and the list of aid teams was confirmed in about one hour.

　　The reporter was informed that the youngest of these medical staff is Cao Xin, a nurse from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, who was born in 1995.

　　Why go to the "front line"? She said this:

　　As a communist party member, the epidemic is the command and the epidemic is the assembly number!

　　It is duty-bound to stand up in the face of the epidemic. I’m sure Wuhan will survive. Let’s be beautiful attackers. When the flowers bloom, we will still be the most beautiful angels in white!

　　According to Guan Wei of Southwest Medical University, since January 25th, the first batch of 35 medical staff selected by the affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University and the affiliated hospital of traditional Chinese medicine have been fighting for many days and nights in the Red Cross Hospital in Wuhan, which is only 1.2 kilometers away from Wuhan South China Seafood Market.

　　Wen Yuanqi, a 25-year-old native of Luzhou, was one of the first members of the medical aid team from Southwest Medical University in Hubei.

　　During the Spring Festival this year, she happened to take a break in the intensive care unit of the emergency medicine department. She had already planned that she would stay with her parents and visit relatives and friends for seven days. Usually, my parents work in Guizhou, so it’s rare to get together. A few days ago, my parents made a special trip to Luzhou to spend the Spring Festival with her.

　　However, on January 23, when she was gathering with friends after work, she accidentally saw the notice of assistance. Wen Yuanqi signed up behind her parents’ back and acted first. She was worried that her parents would not understand. Fortunately, after her parents learned that she would go to Hubei to take care of critically ill patients that night, they understood her despite their worries and finally encouraged her: this is an opportunity for experience.

　　The support of parents is her greatest motivation! "As a young medical worker, the more difficult it is, the more responsible it is."

　　Henan Polytechnic University

　　Take the initiative to support Wuhan, many of them are post-90 s.

　　At noon on February 2, the first batch of medical staff in Jiaozuo city who supported Wuhan’s medical team to deal with the epidemic solemnly swore an oath. Subsequently, they embarked on a journey to Hubei.

　　Among them, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University sent six people, most of whom were born after 90.

　　Some people say: instant tears collapse ↓ ↓ ↓

　　Teachers from the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of Henan Polytechnic University told reporters that all the six medical staff sent by the affiliated hospital of our school volunteered, including four from the post-90s generation.

　　Guo Yaru in the aid medical team is a newly married wife. After 90′ s, she took care of everyone, listened to the call and went out with the team.

　　It is reported that in order to facilitate wearing protective clothing and reduce the spread of diseases, female members of the medical aid team collectively cut off their long hair.

　　Jimei university

　　The youth of the League members actively voiced and condensed the positive energy of youth.

　　Recently, Jimei University’s original song "Watch" spread on the Internet, and students cheered for Wuhan in their own way!

　　keep watch

　　Song: Laiti Ju

　　Word: Zhang Jingxuan wang zheng

　　Guitar: Laiti Ju

　　Singing: Laiti Ju

　　There is no smoke flying here.

　　Hot blood casts hope.

　　Dare not forget day and night

　　This is not a killing field.

　　And you’re at the forefront

　　The New Year lights watch for you.

　　Flying in white

　　Shining with Wanjiaguang

　　Wonderful hands and loving hearts are not ended.

　　Cut off your hair and don’t forget the care of your loved ones.

　　A hanging pot helps a thousand fears.

　　The heart blooms like a lotus flower, only to save lives and help the wounded.

　　Respect for life and love without boundaries.

　　I want to tell you, don’t be afraid that strength will gather in midsummer.

　　After the hardship, it is Fanghua.

　　Students from all directions also sing for you.

　　After the storm, it is sunshine.

　　Ying Zi in white never forgets.

　　The epidemic situation of pneumonia affects the hearts of the people all over the country, as well as all the young people in Jinan.

　　On January 25th, after receiving the action order from the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and the Communist Youth League Committee, the school deployed and implemented it at the first time that night, mobilized the young people of Jida University to carry out the network action of relaying blessings, actively voiced their voices, and set up a spiritual home for the young people of Jida University to express their love for the national conditions with a childlike heart, which condensed the positive energy of public opinion to pay tribute to the front-line staff, bless the people of Wuhan and pray for the Kangtai of the motherland.

　　According to the school, in just a few hours, thousands of students in the school read and forwarded the online articles that helped prevent and control the epidemic, and relayed in the message area to cheer for Wuhan, pay tribute to the staff who fought in the front line of epidemic prevention and bless the motherland!

　　In addition, the school has successively launched 16 issues of epidemic prevention and control topics in new media positions such as "Jida Youth" WeChat WeChat official account; Start gathering young people to "Yi" for epidemic prevention — — 20-day punch-in activities for healthy family life encourage students to adhere to an optimistic and positive attitude and a healthy and upward lifestyle to cope with epidemic prevention and control.

　　Chengdu vocational and technical college

　　After 95, I volunteered to be a volunteer.

　　On January 24th, the Party Committee of the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu issued an initiative to go out to the whole hospital. Kun Wang and Tang Xinyuan volunteered to sign up, and stood out from more than a thousand medical staff, becoming the second of the first batch of 19 members of Chengdu public hospitals to go to Hubei, and Tang Xinyuan also became the youngest volunteer in the anti-epidemic aid team in Hubei.

　　Tang Xinyuan, male, Communist Youth League member, born in 1996, Han nationality, graduated from Leshan Jiazhou Health Vocational School in 2016. In September of the same year, he entered the nursing major of Chengdu Vocational and Technical College with excellent results and served as the president of the student union and the class monitor of the medical branch.

　　During my school years, I was awarded "Excellent College Graduates of Sichuan Province", "A-level Certificate of Comprehensive Quality of College Students of Sichuan Province", "First Prize of Popular Science Speech Competition of Sichuan Nursing Association" and "National Inspirational Scholarship" twice, first prize and second prize of the College, "Top Ten Communist Youth League Members", "Youth Model" of the College and "Excellent Students of National Defense Military Education in Chengdu".

　　At the same time, he applied for three independent research projects of college students as the first person in charge during his school days, and independently developed three national utility model patents (under acceptance).

　　In November 2017, it was identified by the party organization as a party activist training.

　　In May 2018, he was awarded the honorary title of the fourth "Youth Model Around" of the College.

　　In July 2019, he was awarded the title of "China University Students’ Self-improvement Star" in 2018.

　　Before leaving, he said:

　　Pay tribute to the "retrograde" in the front line of the epidemic.

　　Pay tribute to this ordinary and great persistence

　　Overcome difficulties and tide over difficulties together,

　　Fight the epidemic, we are together!

　　This is the commitment of every youth.

　　Is the promise of every Chinese!

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League issued the "Working Guidelines on Establishing Youth Commandos for Epidemic Prevention and Control in Key Areas and Participating in Preventing and Controlling Epidemic Situations and Blocking Warfare". The "Guidelines" are used to guide the grass-roots organizations of the Communist Youth League to set up youth commandos to deal with the pneumonia epidemic in novel coronavirus, and undertake specific special tasks under the leadership of local epidemic prevention and control headquarters.

● Article 8 Car logo: 1972-1984

　　When it was sold to Birmingham Company in aston martin in 1972, because the helm of the company was changed to William Willson, the word "David Brown" appeared on the aston martin logo was obviously inappropriate, so a new aston martin logo was born. In addition to the letter "David Brown", the feathers on the logo were "combed" again, the lines on the inner and outer layers were connected into a whole, and the background of the logo turned light blue. This logo was first installed on V8 models after 1972. Subsequently, the V8 and models also used brand-new logos.

　　Since 1974, aston martin has been in turmoil again. In 1975, it was taken over by North American Peter Sprague and Canadian George Minden. In 1981, it was taken over by a private oil company led by Victor Gauntlett; In 1983, it was 100% acquired by the American distributor Automobile Investment Alliance; In October 1984, the Peter Livanos family owned 75% of the shares, and Victor Gauntlett owned the remaining 25%. It was not until 1987, when Auto acquired 75% of aston martin’s shares, that aston martin’s fate was temporarily calmed down. In 1994, Ford owned Aspen.
All the shares of don Martin.

● The ninth logo of aston martin: 1984-2002

　　During the turbulent years in aston martin, the logo of aston martin has undergone a change, which was in 1984, after the Peter Livanos family owned aston martin. At that time, the models produced in aston martin were still V8 and V8 Vantage. In that year, the 10,000 th model of aston martin rolled off the assembly line, so aston martin put on a brand-new logo. Of course, the change of this logo is still "changing the soup without changing the medicine", mainly for the internal lines and borders of the logo feathers. The interior of the logo has become more concise and the borders have become silver again.

　　After entering Ford, aston martin began to develop and launch a large number of new models. Not only did the DB naming method, which had been stopped for nearly 20 years, be re-launched in 1993, and DB7, DBS, DB9 and other models were launched respectively, but also brand-new V8, V8 Vantage, V8 Zagato and other models were launched, and the sales volume also increased gradually. In a few short years, the sales volume of aston martin was higher than the sum of the models produced in the past 80 years.

● Aston martin Tenth Car Logo: 2003-Up to now

　　2003 is an unusual year for aston martin, which is not only the 90th anniversary of the founding of aston martin Company, but also the new V8 Vantage released by aston martin at the north american international auto show held in Detroit, Michigan, USA, which reintroduced the classic V8 and greatly enhanced the company’s market competitiveness. At the same time, the DB9 model came out, replacing the DB7 model for ten years. In addition, in the same year, a new factory was established in Gordon, England, becoming the first professional factory in the history of aston martin. It was also in this year that the latest generation logo of aston martin, which you see now, was born.

　　The last time aston martin changed hands was in 2007, when a consortium led by British David Richards bought it from Ford at a cost of $959 million. That is to say, aston martin has returned to her native Britain again after years of travelling in other countries.

● The centenary of aston martin: 2013.

　　Today, all the models in aston martin still carry the logo of DB9. At the same time, on September 29th last month, aston martin also launched a centennial logo (only used by Aston Martin brand to celebrate its centenary birthday in 2013), which was designed by Marek Reichman, the design director of Aston Martin, and will be put into use in 2013 to commemorate the glorious centennial history of this classic luxury brand.

Summary:

　　In fact, since the second logo of aston martin, all the logos have kept a theme, that is, spreading a pair of wings, which was very popular in the era when the automobile industry just started. Today, after nearly a hundred years of ups and downs and evolution, aston martin logo is still full of design sense, and it is not out of date, and the previous design style has been completely passed down. Of course, it is not only the logo design that has been passed down, but also the brand of "high-quality car with high performance and perfect appearance" produced in aston martin. (Text/Figure Zhang Wenjun)

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　　[car home Professional Evaluation] The scene of getting Tesla Model Y is somewhat similar to that of two years ago. When the imported Model 3 just entered China, we also got the test car first at the beginning of the new year. Time flies, and we can’t catch it. In the past two years, Tesla’s sales and market value have doubled continuously. The gathering of attention also makes the arrival of Model Y more direct than that of Model 3. Therefore, in this article, you can not only see the measured product data, but also see the changes in Tesla products in details.

60 seconds to quickly understand the full text:

　　1. Under the test standard of car home EV AH-100, the high-speed endurance performance (90 2 km/h) of the 2021 Tesla China Model Y long-endurance all-wheel drive model (hereinafter referred to as Model Y) is as follows.356km; Urban low-speed endurance (30 2 km/h)387km;

　　2. The measured acceleration of the car at 0-100km/h is 5.06 seconds; 100-0km/h braking measured 37.89 meters;

　　At present, Tesla Model Y has only launched two models in China, the long-life version and the high-performance version. Our test car this time is2021 Tesla China Model Y long-life all-wheel drive model.. As for the performance of high-performance models, we will also bring you practical tests in the future.

● Endurance test

　　In this test, we used the latest version of car home EV AH-100 test standard, and made some adjustments in some test details and results display. If you want to know the adjustment details of the new test standard, please click here to read the interpretation article of the new standard.

○ Endurance test at low speed.

　　It should be noted in advance that the outdoor ambient temperature of Tesla Model Y is about -5℃ during the endurance test under high and low speed conditions, so this endurance test is a winter test, and the low temperature will have a negative impact on the endurance of pure electric vehicles.Before starting the endurance test at low speed, we fully charge the vehicle, and after the first full battery jump, we conduct three times of charging operation to avoid virtual power.

　　Although the NEDC cruising range of Model Y is 594km, the remaining cruising range after full charge is only 489km. After verifying with Tesla officially, the cruising range of the car isDynamic display based on EPA working conditionTherefore, the battery life of its full meter will vary according to the driver’s comprehensive car habits, vehicle electrical appliances, environmental temperature and other factors; However, turning off the air conditioner or turning on the air conditioner will not affect its battery life.

　　Tesla Model Y does not provide traditional driving modes such as energy saving and sports, and it is an "energy saving state" to adjust the acceleration mode to be relaxed; At the same time, the kinetic energy recovery intensity of the vehicle is only two levels adjustable, and the "standard" means that the kinetic energy recovery intensity is the largest; "Stop Mode" is set to "Hold", that is, the vehicle will not creep at low speed. Of course, before we start the endurance test, we have to turn on the air conditioner to 23℃ for automatic air volume and zero the subtotal mileage.

　　Regarding air conditioning, Tesla Model 3 used PTC air conditioning before, while the new Model 3 and Model Y used heat pump air conditioning. PTC air conditioner has strong heating capacity and high energy consumption. When the ambient temperature is not very low, the heat pump air conditioner has good heating efficiency and low energy consumption, but when the ambient temperature is lower than -10℃ or even colder, the heating effect of the heat pump air conditioner will be relatively general. For the ambient temperature of -5℃ in this test, heat pump air conditioning should be able to play a high efficiency advantage.

　　According to the test standard of EV AH-100, we stopped the endurance test of Model Y at low speed after driving 100.7km. The average vehicle speed was 30.98km/h, and its apparent power consumption was 14.6kWh/100km. After the test, we immediately recharged it, and finally charged it with 20.06kWh, but failed to start it three times. Finally, we get that the energy consumption of the car in this low-speed endurance test is19.9kWh/100kmAccording to the capacity calculation of vehicle power battery, the cruising range of the vehicle under low-speed working conditions is387km. For a medium-sized pure electric SUV, its low-speed energy consumption performance is normal.

　　In that endurance phase of the low-speed work condition,The reduction ratio of actual mileage and apparent cruising range of vehicles is maintained at about 1:1.05.That is, the vehicle travels 20km, and the battery life is reduced by about 21km. Regardless of the endurance of Model Y, its dynamic endurance display based on EPA working conditions can indeed provide more valuable reference for our daily car.

○ Endurance test at high speed.

　　Before starting the high-speed endurance test, we also fully charged the vehicle and recharged it for three times. When the vehicle was fully charged, the cruising range was 488km. At the same time, we will speed up to the easy mode, the kinetic energy recovery will be adjusted to the standard mode, the air conditioner will be turned on to 23℃ for automatic air volume, and the subtotal mileage will be cleared.

　　According to the test standard of EV AH-100, we stopped this high-speed endurance test after driving for 204.2km, and the remaining power of the vehicle was 48%, with a remaining cruising range of 233km.

　　Finally, we charged it with 44.07kWh of electricity. According to the actual mileage and charging amount, the energy consumption of Model Y under this high-speed endurance test is calculated as follows21.6kWh/100kmThe cruising range of the car under this working condition is356km.

　　In the endurance part of high-speed working conditions, the ratio of the actual mileage and the apparent cruising range of the vehicle before 40km is about 1:1.6, that is, the vehicle travels 20km and the apparent cruising range is reduced by about 32km.

　　With the continuous increase of mileage, the proportion of vehicle power failure is slowly decreasing and tends to be stable; After driving for 100km,The reduction ratio of actual mileage and apparent cruising range of vehicles can basically be stabilized at about 1:1.1.High-speed battery life once again verified our point of view given in low-speed battery life:The battery life of Model Y can provide more valuable reference for our daily car..

Charge rate test

　　After the endurance test, we also tested the fast charging speed of Model Y. It takes 52 minutes to charge the car from 30% to 80% on the 120kW DC fast charging pile of State Grid, which is not fast. In the process of fast charging, we recorded the charging power of the vehicle, and the highest charging power was about 47.9kW and the lowest charging power was about 42.9kW.

Summary:

　　According to the actual endurance test results, we calculated the comprehensive endurance performance of Tesla Model Y according to the ratio of 35%+65% intercity high speed+urban low speed.376km；Compared with the NEDC cruising range of Model Y, the actual cruising performance of this car is basically about 60% off. In the low temperature environment, such endurance is not excellent, but it should not be bad. Finally, let’s preview it. In the near future, we will also launch the actual endurance test results of Model Y at room temperature, so stay tuned.

On the evening of July 27th, sogou announced that he had received an offer for the privatization of Tencent. Specifically, Tencent plans to acquire other shares of sogou at a price of $9 per share. If the transaction is successful, sogou will be delisted from the US stock market and become an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent.

Subsequently, Sogou CEO Wang Xiaochuan responded in the WeChat circle of friends: "Thanks to Tencent for its recognition of sogou’s value, technical capabilities and product innovation capabilities. Next, we will seriously discuss and measure the related issues, so that sogou can continue to create greater value for users. 」

An industry insider said that he was not surprised to learn this news. After all, the collaboration between sogou and Tencent’s current business is getting higher and higher. Surprisingly, he didn’t expect Tencent to move so quickly. In addition to the wholly-owned acquisition of game companies, Tencent really wholly-owned a medium-sized mainstream Internet enterprise, and sogou should be regarded as one.

After the news, not only did sogou’s share price soar by 48%, but Sohu’s share price also rose by nearly 40%.

AI is the core value.

In fact, Tencent was already the largest shareholder in sogou before the tender offer was made. According to sogou’s 2019 annual financial report, Tencent holds 39.2% of the shares of sogou and Sohu holds 33.8%.

The official relationship between Tencent and sogou dates back to September 2013. At that time, Tencent injected US$ 448 million into sogou with some sincere conditions.

This is a big gift package. Ma Huateng, the founder of Tencent, wrote in the internal letter of the company: "Tencent merged the search and QQ input methods with the existing business in sogou to form a brand-new sogou company. This brand-new sogou will continue to operate independently as a subsidiary of Sohu.

In June, 2014, sogou search announced its official access to WeChat WeChat official account data. From then on, you can browse or query related WeChat official account and all articles by using sogou search. At the beginning of this year, Wang Xiaochuan mentioned in an internal letter that in 2019, sogou promoted the sustained and steady growth of search business with differentiated content and AI innovation.

Wang Xiaochuan specifically mentioned: "In terms of ecological construction of content services, we will deepen cooperation with WeChat WeChat official account, supplement content through cooperation with official websites, experts and academic websites, and explore opportunities for intelligent triage with medical care as the starting point. On this basis, the coverage and accuracy of the first direct answer of intelligent question and answer will continue to lead the industry level. 」

Holding hands with Tencent to open up the content resources of WeChat Ecology is an important supplement to the search pool in sogou. But cooperation does not stop there. If Tencent’s acquisition of sogou is successful, the two companies will cooperate in more business aspects in the future.

At present, sogou is the second search company in China. At the same time, with sogou input method, Sogou browser and other products, sogou has accumulated a large number of users. According to the financial report in the first quarter of this year, the daily active users of Sogou mobile phone input method exceeded 480 million, and the daily average voice request peak of Sogou mobile phone input method reached 1.4 billion, which continued to be the largest voice recognition application in China.

More importantly, sogou is a technology company focusing on AI research in the language field. Its accumulated technical capabilities such as speech recognition and translation are also among the top in China. This is also the key factor for Tencent to actively acquire sogou.

In recent years, with the incorporation of Tencent AI Lab, Tencent Youtu, WeChat Zhiling and Dingdang voice platforms into CSIG, Tencent’s layout in the field of artificial intelligence has begun to move on the right track.

At the Tencent Forum of the 2020 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, Si Xiao, Dean of Tencent Research Institute, officially released the "Tencent Artificial Intelligence White Paper: Ubiquitous Intelligence". For the first time, the white paper reveals Tencent’s internal understanding of AI technology and the thinking of intelligent business layout, which is mainly divided into five latitudes-macro environment, technology research, landing application, innovative economy and institutional guarantee.

Machine learning, computer vision, intelligent speech and natural language processing are defined as the development direction of artificial intelligence by this white paper. The technical research on AI, especially the research on natural language processing, is exactly the direction that sogou focuses on.

The new infrastructure was written into the government work report for the first time this year, and artificial intelligence is the seven major areas of new infrastructure. For Tencent, which holds high the banner of industrial Internet, only by strengthening its own AI technology capabilities can it better realize its capability output and empower the industry.

Therefore, the current business collaboration between sogou and Tencent is getting higher and higher. AI is the relative shortcoming of Tencent, but it is the core value of sogou. It is understood that the board of directors of sogou Company will form a special committee composed of independent directors to consider Tencent’s acquisition proposal.

Wang Xiaochuan’s "Breakthrough"

From the outside world, sogou was originally a company with search engine as its core business. After listing on NYSE in November 2017, Wang Xiaochuan quickly released sogou’s future AI strategy to the public.

This strategy consists of two parts. First, it is human-computer interaction, which involves the understanding of language at the perceptual and cognitive levels; Secondly, it takes language as the core and improves its reading and reasoning ability around machines, which is called knowledge computing.

Wang Xiaochuan said, "The crown jewel of artificial intelligence is natural language processing. In natural language, the ultimate question is question and answer. How to make the machine master the ability of acquiring knowledge or reasoning and thinking with language as the core is what we are doing. And this problem, no one knows the optimal solution yet, everyone is trying.

On the talk show "Thirteen Invitations", Xu Zhiyuan once asked Wang Xiaochuan a question, "What is the thing that excites you now? "Wang Xiaochuan said," there are some problems that no one can solve, but you have found a way to solve them. 」

The greatest charm of language is that it is a tool for us to know the world. What is the problem that Wang Xiaochuan hopes to solve with AI technology in this field?

At the IF conference held in Geek Park at the end of 2019, sogou introduced a new generation of AI translation. The general AI translation is to listen first, and then translate the text understanding. Sogou, on the other hand, is a translator who can see and think.

When a guest speaks PPT on the stage, the machine can read his PPT, extract the concept mentioned in the middle, and then find the explanation and related content of this concept according to the background knowledge base or knowledge map. After the release of this system, compared with traditional machine translation, the error rate will drop by 40%.

Wang Xiaochuan said, "In the long run, AI in the language field may eventually become your virtual personal assistant. Personal assistants need to have two abilities, one is to communicate with you, and the other is to master knowledge in some fields, which can turn information into knowledge and even provide you with wisdom. 」

If we can sum up what sogou has been doing in one sentence, it is to make it easier to express and obtain information.

AI research is a frontier investment for the future. Frontier means that for a company, it may be a business that needs a lot of money and resources for a long time and cannot be realized quickly. Therefore, if AI research is to be sustainable, the company’s basic disk must be solid.

At the beginning of this year, Wang Xiaochuan wrote an internal letter to all employees. In the letter, he regards "breakthrough" as the key word for sogou this year. He explained that in an environment that is both an opportunity and a challenge, breakthrough means getting rid of existing cognition and rules, dare to think and fight, and dare to find new directions and boundaries.

Hand in hand with Tencent can, to some extent, bring sogou the expected stability. On the basis of the existing business, it also brings more opportunities for sogou to break through. The relationship between the two is like a company holding the seeds of future technology and a fertile soil that needs future technology supply.

Editor in charge: Jing Yu

　　BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Leng Haoyang) Today, the 40-day Spring Festival travel rush kicked off. According to China Railway Corporation, in 2017, a new line of 3,038 kilometers was put into operation, and the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network was completed and put into operation ahead of schedule. This also means that a number of railways will meet the first Spring Festival travel rush exam. Which new railway lines will help you go home during the Spring Festival this year? Do these railway lines pass through your hometown?

　　Chongqing-Guizhou Railway: Chengdu-Chongqing Quickly "Hand in Hand" in the Pearl River Delta

　　Every year, Spring Festival travel rush, Chengdu and Chongqing are the key areas where it is difficult to grab tickets. This year, an important railway line in Spring Festival travel rush will give people in this area a more convenient choice to "go home".

　　On January 25, 2018, the Chongqing-Guiyang Railway was put into operation, which became a fast railway channel to connect Chengdu-Chongqing area and even southwest area to South China and East China, and then connected with the existing high-speed railway lines such as Guiguang, Chengdu-Chongqing and Shanghai-Kunming. A large-capacity transportation channel will help Spring Festival travel rush.

　　The Chongqing-Guiyang Railway leads from Chongqing West Railway Station, passes through Qijiang, Zunyi and Xifeng, and finally reaches Guiyang North Railway Station, with a total length of 347 kilometers. It is a double-track electrified railway with passenger and freight lines. Twelve stations, including Chongqing West, Luohuang South, Qijiangdong, Rushui East, Tongzi North, Tongzi East, Loushanguannan, Zunyi, Longkeng, Zunyi South, Xifeng and xiuwen county, have been newly built, with an initial maximum operating speed of 200 kilometers per hour.

　　At the beginning of the opening of Chongqing-Guiyang Railway, 66 pairs of passenger trains will be arranged, and the running time of Chengdu, Chongqing-Guiyang, Guangzhou, Kunming and Changsha will be greatly shortened.

　　Xicheng high-speed railway: the history of "difficult roads" has been rewritten.

　　Joining Spring Festival travel rush’s army for the first time this year is Xicheng High-speed Railway.

　　"It’s difficult to get through the Shu Road, but it’s difficult to get into the sky", which has always hindered the traffic development between the north and the south of Qinling Mountains. However, with the opening of the Xicheng high-speed railway, the history of "difficult roads" has been rewritten.

　　On December 6 last year, Xicheng high-speed railway was officially opened for operation. Xicheng high-speed railway leads from Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province, passes through Ankang and Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province to Guangyuan and Mianyang in Sichuan Province, and connects with Mianyang-Chengdu-Leshan Railway at Jiangyou Station, reaching Chengdu, with a total length of 658 kilometers.

　　Xicheng high-speed railway operates at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour. The shortest travel time between the two places is reduced to 3 hours and 27 minutes, which is 7 hours shorter than the original shortest travel time between the two places.

　　The opening of Xicheng high-speed railway will greatly ease the pressure of Spring Festival travel rush between Xi ‘an and Chengdu. On the afternoon of January 31st, the reporter inquired about the train tickets between Xi ‘an and Chengdu on February 14th (the 29th of the twelfth lunar month) and February 21st (the 6th day of the first lunar month) through the 12306 client, and found that many high-speed trains still had tickets left.

　　Data Map: Last December 28th, with Shijiazhuang &mdash; The D1611 train from Qingdao North left Shijiazhuang Railway Station, and the Shijiazhuang-Jinan high-speed railway was opened for operation. The picture shows the first train of D1611. China News Service reporter Yujia Zhai photo

　　Shiji high-speed railway: Shanxi, Hebei and Shandong provinces realize high-speed railway connection

　　On December 28th last year, the Shijiazhuang-Jinan high-speed railway was put into operation, and there was no direct high-speed railway between the capital cities of Hebei and Shandong provinces. The last section of China’s "four verticals and four horizontals" high-speed railway network officially closed.

　　Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province and Jinan, Shandong Province are the two capital cities of Shiji High-speed Railway, with a total length of 298 kilometers. Its east and west ends are connected with Jiqing High-speed Railway and Shitaike Special Railway respectively, which enables Shandong, Hebei and Shanxi provinces to realize high-speed rail connection.

　　The line also connects with Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway at Shijiazhuang Station and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway at Dezhou East Station, with 11 stations in total. In addition to Shijiazhuang and Dezhou East Station, there are 9 new stations in Shijiazhuang East, Gaocheng South, Xinji South, Hengshui North, Jingzhou, Pingyuan East, Yucheng East, Qihe and Jinan East.

　　At present, there are plenty of tickets for Spring Festival travel rush-Shijiazhuang High-speed Railway. On 31st, the reporter found that there are plenty of tickets for the trips between the two cities from February 12th to 15th before the Spring Festival and from February 20th to 22nd after the Spring Festival.

　　Data Map: The first G2028 train of Baolan High-speed Railway will run to Xuzhou, Jiangsu, a thoroughfare city of five provinces more than 1,500 kilometers away. Yang yanmin

　　Baolan High-speed Railway: Take the High-speed Railway to the Silk Road.

　　What kind of experience is it to take the high-speed train home on the Silk Road?

　　On July 9, last year, Baolan High-speed Railway was put into operation, with a total length of 401 kilometers, with eight stations including Baoji South, Tianshui South, Qin ‘an, Tongwei, Dingxi Northwest and Lanzhou West, with an operating speed of 250 kilometers per hour. Now, from Lanzhou, you can reach Xi ‘an in 3 hours at the earliest, and it takes only 8 hours and 20 minutes to reach Beijing.

　　Baolan high-speed railway is connected with Xi ‘an-Baoji high-speed railway and Lanxin high-speed railway, which have been opened to traffic, respectively, from the east and west directions. With the opening of this "last mile", it means that from Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, to Urumqi, Xinjiang, a "high-speed railway silk road" with a length of more than 2,300 kilometers runs through the whole line, and the northwest of China is fully integrated into the national high-speed railway network, and the high-speed railways in eastern, central and western China have achieved full interoperability.

　　Similar to Xicheng High-speed Railway and Shiji High-speed Railway, the opening of Baolan High-speed Railway also eased the pressure on Spring Festival travel rush. On the afternoon of the 31st, the reporter found that on February 13th and 14th of the pre-holiday peak, and on the 20th and 21st of the post-holiday peak, there were sufficient tickets for the high-speed rail between Xi ‘an and Lanzhou, and there were also a small number of tickets left in the business seats and first-class seats of some trains from Beijing to Lanzhou.

　　Zhanghu High-speed Railway: Inner Mongolia Entering the "High-speed Railway Era"

　　People in Inner Mongolia can also take the high-speed train home in Spring Festival travel rush this year!

　　The first new high-speed railway in Inner Mongolia, Zhanghu high-speed railway from Wulanchabu to the eastern section of Hohhot, was officially opened for operation on August 3 last year. After the opening, the running time from Hohhot to Wulanchabu was shortened to 40 minutes.

　　Zhanghu High-speed Railway (Wulanchabu to the east section of Hohhot) starts from Hohhot East Station, passes through its Yingnan Station and Zhuozi East Station, and finally reaches Wulanchabu Station, with a total length of 126 kilometers and an operating speed of 250 kilometers per hour.

　　In the future, Zhanghu high-speed railway will also be connected with the Beijing-Zhangjia high-speed railway under construction, forming a fast passenger passage from Beijing to Hohhot within 3 hours.

　　Data Map: On September 29th last year, the first train K4518 from Lanzhou to Chongqing set off, marking the opening and operation of the whole line of lanzhou-chongqing railway, which took nine years to build. Yang yanmin

　　Lanzhou-chongqing railway: The northwest and southwest are more closely linked.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned Chongqing-Guizhou Railway and Xicheng High-speed Railway, there is also a railway connecting the southwest that will help Spring Festival travel rush and facilitate people in the southwest to travel.

　　This is the grand railway passage connecting the southwest and northwest of China &mdash; &mdash; Lanzhou-chongqing railway.

　　Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway passes through Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Chongqing provinces, one city and 22 cities and counties. It is a national I-class railway with double-track electrification of passenger and cargo. The main line is 886 kilometers long, with a design speed of 160 kilometers per hour, and 200 kilometers per hour is reserved for conditional sections.

　　Nowadays, the transportation distance from Lanzhou to Chongqing has been shortened from 1,453 kilometers to 886 kilometers, and the bus running time has been shortened from 21 hours to the current 12 hours, which greatly facilitates the travel of passengers between the southwest and northwest regions.

　　Jiujing-Qu Railway: Ending the History of Many Places Closed to Traffic

　　During this year’s stay in Spring Festival travel rush, people in Poyang, Duchang, Jingdezhen and other places will have a more convenient way to go home.

　　Jiujingqu Railway was opened to traffic on December 28th last year. It is a double-track electrified express railway with a design speed of 200 kilometers per hour. It starts from jiujiang railway station, Jiangxi Province and ends at Quzhou Station, Zhejiang Province, with a total length of 333.3 kilometers.

　　Jiujingqu Railway constitutes the auxiliary connecting line of Beijing-Kowloon and Shanghai-Kunming, which connects with Hefu high-speed railway at Wuyuan Station, plays an important role in connecting east and west and connecting north and south in the road network node, and is another convenient passage for Central China and Southwest China to closely connect with the Yangtze River Delta and the southeast coast.

　　With the official operation of Jiujingqu Railway, there are no trains in Poyang and Duchang, and it has become history that Jingdezhen has no trains. (End)

Original Tencent medical code

Many people have taken or are planning to take a shot of flu vaccine, but they may be blindsided as soon as they come to the vaccination clinic-how can there be so many kinds of flu vaccines?

● There is "inactivation" and "inactivation";

● There are "injections" and "nasal sprays";

● There are "trivalent" and "tetravalent";

● There are "cracking" and "subunits".

And each kind, there are different brands and different prices of products. In another hospital, I found that there are different choices.

I just want to get a good vaccine. Why is it so difficult and brain-wasting?

How to choose the flu vaccine?

For the flu season in 2023/2024, there are the following flu vaccines in mainland China [4]:

● Children from 6 months to 3 years old: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine are available;

● Children and adults over 3 years old: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine are available;

● Children aged 3 to 17: There is also a trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine.

Is it a little winding? It doesn’t matter, a table shows clearly:

At present, influenza vaccines that need intramuscular injection are all "inactivated" vaccines (commonly known as "dead vaccines").

The "dead" vaccine does not contain live viruses, and vaccination will not make people get the flu. Generally, sufficient immunity is generated after 2 to 4 weeks of inoculation.

The flu vaccine that needs nasal spray is an attenuated live vaccine, which is suitable for people aged 3 to 17.

Studies have shown that nasal spray can produce nasal mucosal antibodies in as little as 3 days [5].

Therefore, for those children who are particularly afraid and resistant to "injection" or have skin diseases in their upper arms and no suitable injection site, "nasal spray" vaccine seems to be a more friendly choice.

However, those children who have immunodeficiency diseases, received other attenuated live vaccines (such as measles vaccine, chicken pox vaccine, etc.) within one month, or have severe rhinitis, nasal congestion, runny nose and other symptoms are not suitable for vaccination.

Of course, no matter inactivation or inactivation, it has a good protective effect and can be selected as needed.

The "price" in the vaccine name does not mean "price", but refers to the type of the same pathogen.

For example, "trivalent pneumonia vaccine" can prevent infections caused by 13 kinds of pneumococci; The "9-valent HPV vaccine" can prevent infections caused by 9 kinds of HPV (human papillomavirus).

The higher the "price", the more types of pathogens are covered, and the wider the infection can be prevented (many people will mistakenly write it as "intermediary" and "rank", which is wrong).

Influenza viruses that can infect humans and cause widespread epidemic are mainly H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A and Victoria and Yamagata strains of influenza B..

The tetravalent influenza vaccine can prevent one more influenza virus (Yamagata strain B) than the trivalent influenza vaccine.

At the end of September this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) believed that since March 2020, Yamagata strain of influenza B had not been monitored and isolated worldwide [6].

This may be related to the epidemic situation in COVID-19 in recent three years and its prevention and control, especially the changes in people’s living habits and behaviors (such as wearing masks, reducing travel and increasing social distance) [7].

However, the fact that the virus has not been detected for the time being does not mean that the virus has "completely disappeared" and there is still the possibility of making a comeback in the future. As a precaution, WHO continues to provide recommendations on the composition of tetravalent influenza vaccine [6].

Therefore, for this year, playing 3 prices is enough; At 4 prices, you won’t lose. When choosing a flu vaccine, you don’t have to worry about the specific price.

Some people may have found that the same "inactivated" vaccine is also divided into "split" and "subunit". What’s the difference?

In fact, inactivated vaccine is to completely "kill" pathogens (such as influenza virus), take their "corpses" and make them into vaccines after processing.

Some inactivated vaccines use whole bodies, such as inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, rabies vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.

The "split" vaccine is to split, disintegrate, filter and purify the dead virus, which greatly reduces the adverse reactions of the vaccine [8].

The "subunit" vaccine goes a step further, removing the internal protein of the virus and only extracting some components (such as neuraminidase and hemagglutinin of influenza virus), with less impurities [9] and better safety.

However, at present, the production of "subunit" influenza vaccine is relatively small and the price is more expensive.

The Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccine Vaccination in China issued by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that people who can vaccinate vaccine products of different types and manufacturers can voluntarily vaccinate any kind of influenza vaccine, and there is no prior recommendation [4].

In other words, any kind of flu vaccine can provide us with good protection. What is important is to vaccinate in time, not to choose or wait.

May each of us spend this coming winter safely and healthily!

Audit expert: Wang Qing

Chief physician, Department of Immunization Planning, Xicheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing

references

1.https://wjw.beijing.gov.cn/bmfw_20143/jkzs/mzyq/202310/t20231024_3285888.html

2.http://wjw.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2023/10/27/art_49513_11054944.html

3.https://ivdc.chinacdc.cn/cnic/zyzx/lgzb/202310/t20231026_270329.htm

4. China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccination in China 2023-2024.

5.Barría Maria Ines, Luis G J , Cheryl S , et al.Localized mucosal response to intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine in adults.[J].Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2013(1):115-124.DOI:10.1093/infdis/jis641.

6.https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/recommended-composition-of-influenza-virus-vaccines-for-use-in-the-2024-southern-hemisphere-influenza-season

7.Koutsakos, M., Wheatley, A.K., Laurie, K. et al. Influenza lineage extinction during the COVID-19 pandemic? . Nat Rev Microbiol 19, 741–742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00642-4

8. Wang Lijie, Huang Weijin, Wang Youchun. Progress in research and development of universal influenza vaccine [J]. China Food and Drug Administration, 2023,05:18-23.

9. Yang Xiaoming, Gao Fu, Yu Yongxin, et al. Contemporary new vaccines [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2020.

* Produced by Tencent Medical Content Team

Read the original text

　　10moon17sunThe 6th China Academy of Sciences and 14th Beijing Workers’ Track and Field Games were held in the National Olympic Sports Center. Li Chi Ngai, secretary of the Party Committee of the Institute of Zoology and head of the delegation, led the athletes and the audience about.80People took part in the sports meeting.

　　morninghalf past eight,The sports meeting held a grand opening ceremony. The phalanx of athletes of the animal team entered the stadium with neat steps. In front of the phalanx was a giant panda representing the characteristics of animals. The athletes launched the slogan "Keep fit, devote themselves to science and serve the country" to convey the concept of service dedication. Subsequently, the ninth set of broadcast gymnastics exhibition competition kicked off the sports meeting, and the team represented by animals.twentyA total of 100 athletes participated in the competition.

　　In the one-day competition, the athletes of the animal representative team participate in the following events.Broadcast gymnastics,60riceRun with the ball、100rice、1500rice、four×100riceShot put, long jump, double shuttlecock kicking, football shooting, etc. The athletes fought bravely on the field, showing the sportsmanship of never giving up. Among them, Li Chi Ngai took the initiative and participated.60riceRunning with the ball lifted the athletes’ morale. Li Mei in the pest room won the fourth place in the women’s shot put in Group C, and Ge Ming in the stem cell room won the men’s shot put in Group A.1500riceFourth place, broadcast gymnastics won the Excellence Award.

　　　 The sports meeting was highly valued by the leaders of the Institute, supported by various offices and research groups, carefully organized by trade unions, and actively coordinated by graduate students’ associations and trade unions.After complicated organizational preparations such as athletes’ registration, practice, preliminaries and audience collection, as well as the support and enthusiastic participation of employees and graduate students, the athletes and audience of the Animal Institute of this Games fully demonstrated the spirit of unity and forge ahead with practical actions.For this reason, the sports delegation of the Institute of Zoology won the "Excellent Organization Award".

The team of athletes from the Institute of Zoology entered the venue.　

Secretary Li Chi Ngai runs fast.　

Researcher Sun Yue Hua shot vigorously.

Li Mei threw a hard throw.

Wang Jiangning flies across the sky

Ge Ming sprints with all his strength.

Wang Chengmin is ready to go.

　　Photo courtesy of vision china

　　Gene therapy can "correct" the mutant genes that cause diseases, thus bringing hope for the patients suffering from congenital genetic diseases. But recently, in a clinical trial of gene therapy conducted by a biotechnology company in the United States, two children who participated in the trial died unfortunately.

　　After decades of twists and turns, gene therapy has brought new hope for the treatment of major human diseases, especially many genetic defects. However, gene therapy has recently suffered setbacks.

　　Recently, an American biotechnology company (Audentes Therapeutics) issued a letter saying that among the 17 children with neuromuscular rare diseases who participated in the company’s "AT132" gene therapy, two children died after receiving high-dose gene therapy.

　　The key research of this gene therapy began in 2017, aiming at treating a fatal disease caused by a single gene mutation &mdash; &mdash; X chromosome linked myotubular myopathy. The treatment was originally intended to be submitted this year and expected to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration by the end of the year, but the plan has now been shelved.

　　Some children died while receiving gene therapy 20 years ago. What are the differences between the gene therapy at that time and this gene therapy? After decades of development, what improvements have been made in gene therapy and what problems are still facing? In this regard, the Science and Technology Daily reporter interviewed relevant experts.

　　"What is missing makes up for what is missing" and "corrects" mutated genes.

　　In human body, there is a gene named "MTM1", which is used for the development and maintenance of muscle cells by expressing a protein called "Myocardin". X chromosome linked myotubular myopathy is caused by the mutation of "MTM1" gene.

　　X chromosome linked myotubular myopathy mainly affects skeletal muscle, and its symptoms are muscle weakness and hypotonia. Muscle lesions will damage the patient’s ability to sit, stand and walk, even cause difficulty in eating and breathing, and may also lead to ophthalmoplegia, facial muscle weakness and muscle reflex disappearance.

　　At present, the main treatments for the disease include physical therapy and the use of support equipment such as ventilators. Studies have shown that the chemical drug "pyridostigmine" may be beneficial to improve clinical symptoms, but no formal clinical trial has been carried out. Generally speaking, there is no effective treatment for this disease at present.

　　To this end, researchers began to explore the use of gene therapy to "correct" mutated genes. "Based on &lsquo; What is missing is what is needed &rsquo; The gene therapy uses adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector to transfer normal &lsquo; MTM1&rsquo; Genes are introduced into muscle cells to produce myotubes with normal function, thus repairing the function of damaged muscle cells. " Qiu Zilong, a researcher at the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Intelligence of China Academy of Sciences, said that this is a "permanent cure" treatment method, and under ideal conditions, it can even achieve "one treatment and lifelong benefit".

　　How to realize this "correction" process? "The whole process and &lsquo; Drip &rsquo; Very similar. " Qiu Zilong pointed out that the researchers injected the adeno-associated virus loaded with normal "MTM1" gene into the patient’s blood, delivered the adeno-associated virus vector to muscle cells through blood circulation, and produced "myosin protein" with normal function in it.

　　Before these children participated in clinical trials, the gene therapy had been pre-clinical studied, including verifying the safety and effectiveness of the therapy in cell and mouse disease models cultured in vitro, and the therapy was generally safe.

　　But in order to improve the therapeutic effect, the researchers tested a higher dose of gene therapy. "High doses are particularly important for neuromuscular diseases, because more copies of genes are needed to reach the targeted tissues through blood circulation." Dr. Cheng Cheng, from the School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, said that the dose used in this gene research is the highest dose in gene therapy: 300 trillion copies of genome per kilogram of body weight.

　　The upgraded transmission carrier is safer.

　　In recent years, gene therapy has developed rapidly. The event that the "brake button" was also pressed occurred in 1999. An 18-year-old American patient named Jesse Kissinger died in a clinical trial of gene therapy with adenovirus as the carrier.

　　At that time, researchers used adenovirus as a vector to insert genes into patients’ cells to replace those parts that were lost or dysfunctional and caused diseases. A few days later, Jesse died of multiple organ failure due to severe immune response, which poured cold water on those who were initially optimistic about gene therapy.

　　After the tragedy of Jesse Kissinger’s death due to gene therapy, the researchers reduced the size of the laboratory and focused on finding safer virus vectors. Finally, they discovered and promoted the use of adeno-associated viruses.

　　Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a kind of single-stranded DNA deficient virus with the simplest structure found at present. Adeno-associated virus gene therapy uses adeno-associated virus as a carrier to deliver therapeutic genes to specific tissues and organs, and these therapeutic genes stably exist and express in the form of free bodies in these non-splinter cell, thus effectively treating monogenic genetic diseases.

　　At present, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the mainstream carrier platform for gene therapy, and there are also adenovirus and lentivirus gene therapy. Qiu Zilong pointed out that compared with adenovirus, adeno-associated virus vector has the advantages of high safety, low immunogenicity, longer curative effect and easy modification, and the newly discovered adeno-associated viruses such as AAV8 and AAV9 are 10-mdash stronger than adenovirus in transferring genes into cells. A hundred times. Lentiviruses, on the other hand, have the characteristics of randomly integrating genomes, and there is a potential risk of destroying normal gene functions.

　　In addition to the rare diseases caused by single gene mutation reported in this report, gene therapy is also used to treat Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer and other complex diseases at home and abroad. At present, about 42 companies and nearly 100 drug research and development projects use adeno-associated virus vectors for gene therapy. In this fatal accident, the carrier used by researchers for gene therapy was AAV8.

　　Too high dose is easy to produce toxic and side effects.

　　Regarding the insecurity of gene therapy, Cheng Cheng believes that in the case of "AT132" gene therapy, the cause of children’s death may be that they received an excessive dose of adeno-associated virus intravenous injection, which produced a large number of antibodies against adeno-associated virus. The combination of virus and antibody can further activate complement pathway or innate immune response, thus causing strong toxic and side effects.

　　"Another kind of insecurity is the dislocation expression of normal genes." Cheng Cheng took the gene therapy of spinal muscular atrophy "Zolgensma" as an example, saying that intravenous injection would lead to excessive accumulation of normal genes carried by "Zolgensma" in the liver, but this gene did not play a role in the liver, which triggered a common hepatotoxicity after treatment, which was manifested by the increase of transaminase.

　　As early as a few years ago, james wilson, an American scientist who was a pioneer in gene therapy and one of the developers of adeno-associated virus, expressed concern about the high-dose vector used in gene therapy. In February 2018, the Wilson team published a paper saying that after high-dose injection of adeno-associated virus, it caused serious toxic reactions in rhesus monkeys and piglets, and one rhesus monkey had to be euthanized due to liver failure. To this end, Wilson called on researchers to carefully monitor similar toxic effects during gene therapy.

　　Wilson’s collaborator, Professor Gao Guangping of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, once expressed similar views. In an interview in 2019, he expressed concern that the rapid development of this field would make people less cautious and might make Jesse Kissinger happen again.

　　"Scientific and technological progress will experience setbacks." Qiu Zilong said that although this high-dose gene therapy caused the death of the patient, the effectiveness of gene therapy cannot be denied. In the face of the lack of effective treatment for rare diseases with single gene, gene therapy has indeed brought hope to many patients and their families. At present, there are still many shortcomings in gene therapy, which needs continuous improvement and perfection by experts and scholars in the field to make it safer and more effective, and should not be abandoned because of choking.

　　In promoting the development of gene therapy, Qiu Zilong suggested that it is necessary to constantly transform to obtain new types of adeno-associated viruses with special tissue affinity, reduce the immune response of the human body after injection, achieve more accurate delivery of normal genes, and further reduce toxic and side effects; At the same time, research and develop better gene regulatory elements, so that normal genes delivered to patients can produce functional proteins in a timely and appropriate way.

　　Cheng Cheng also suggested that the production and purification process of adeno-associated virus can be further optimized to reduce impurities in the virus and improve its purity. Choose a better carrier delivery mode, such as intrathecal injection or intraventricular injection for diseases of nervous system.

Wu Zhenyu, the two film emperors’ rival in love, spoiled Sun Honglei on the spot.

　　"The Warring States" is based on the unprecedented tragic hegemony of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States in history, and describes the epic legend that two legendary militarists, Sun Bin and Pang Juan, evolved from close brothers to enemies and finally fought a decisive battle on the battlefield. Sun Honglei plays Sun Bin, who is kind-hearted, and Wu Zhenyu plays Pang Juan, who is fierce. The fate of the Warring States troubled times makes the two film emperors struggle in the play and become rivals in love. When it comes to the conflict between love and friendship, Sun Honglei faltered and finally reluctantly said, "Brothers come first, love comes second." Wu Zhenyu said helplessly, "I choose beauty, but beauty doesn’t choose me. When I chose my brother, my brother left me. "

　　"I think Sun Bin is wandering between a genius and an idiot. He has great talent in military affairs, but he doesn’t even have the basic ability to live in life. This time it’s more risky, and I hope it won’t thunder everyone." In order to experience the role, Sun Honglei also came to Sun Bin’s hometown and made a trip. "Bitter risks, cross the rubicon, deviance, etc. are all strategies used by Sun Bin in the movie." Sun Honglei said that the film shows the interlocking military strategies in a suspenseful way.

　　Although Wu Zhenyu has always been famous for playing a role with strange personality, he gently spoiled Sun Honglei at the scene that day. At that time, the host asked Wu Zhenyu to call Sun Honglei in three identities: brother, rival in love and enemy. Wu Zhenyu was shy and shouted, "Mmm!" Make a scene.