Grasp the general trend of economic globalization, unswervingly expand opening up in an all-round way
— — Thoroughly study and implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on economic globalization.
Party group of CPC Ministry of Commerce
In 2017, when anti-globalization was on the rise and the world economy was gloomy, the Supreme Leader General Secretary made a historic speech at the Davos Forum, which showed China’s firm stance in defending economic globalization, pointed out the correct direction of economic globalization, injected strong confidence and positive energy into the world, and won lasting high praise from the international community, marking China’s transformation from a participant to a leader in economic globalization.
Since then, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has further expounded his clear stand of supporting economic globalization and multilateralism at the G20 Summit, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit, China International Import Expo(CIIE) and many other important international occasions, contributing to China’s wisdom and demonstrating the responsibility of a big country. China keeps its word, actively and comprehensively opens to the outside world, actively participates in global economic governance, and promotes the building of a community of human destiny. This year’s proposal to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern is an open domestic and international double cycle, which is in line with China’s proposal of the Davos Forum and has become the latest plan for China to promote economic globalization.
First, grasp the historical trend of economic globalization and promote the common opening of the world.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that economic globalization is the objective requirement of the development of social productive forces and the inevitable result of scientific and technological progress, and it is an irreversible trend of the times, not artificially created by any people or countries. The sea of the world economy, whether you want it or not, is there and you can’t avoid it; We should make the cake in the global market bigger, implement the mechanism of global sharing, and work in the way of global cooperation, so as to jointly make the greater the driving force of economic globalization, the better the smaller the resistance; At present, some anti-globalization trends in the world are just a few waves stirred up by the trend of globalization, which can’t stop the tide of globalization; We must not be hindered by headwinds and turning waves. We must stand on the right side of history and unswervingly expand opening up in an all-round way. These important expositions have pinpointed the pulse of the world, prescribed effective prescriptions, and pointed out the direction of progress.
Economic globalization is an irreversible historical trend.Economic globalization has roughly gone through three stages. First, at the stage of colonial expansion and the formation of the world market, all countries were involved in the world economic system. The second is two parallel world market stages, namely, two camps and markets after World War II. Third, the stage of economic globalization, the world economic integration accelerated after the Cold War. The imbalance of factor endowments among countries in the world and the deepening of international division of labor are important driving forces of economic globalization. There are contradictions in natural resources, capital, labor, technology and market in different degrees in all countries, and they are faced with the problem that the division of labor is limited by the size of the market. The great geographical discovery in the 15th century promoted the formation of the world market. The scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution have provided a profound material and technical foundation for economic globalization. Several industrial revolutions have greatly reduced the cost of goods transportation, information dissemination and personnel flow. In particular, the new scientific and technological revolutions such as the Internet have pushed the world flat, and the economies of various countries are interdependent as never before. The international economic governance system and the market-oriented reform after the Cold War have provided economic system guarantee for economic globalization. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system and the three pillars of GATT, IMF and World Bank appeared, which provided an institutional framework for international economic governance. In addition, the market-oriented reform of emerging economies after the Cold War promoted the great development of economic globalization. In short, economic globalization is an objective historical process jointly promoted by the development of productive forces and the transformation of production relations, and is not transferred by human will. In history, plagues, wars and crises have all hindered the development of economic globalization.But the trend of globalization is still mighty, rolling forward and heading for the vast sea.
On November 15th, 2020, the ten ASEAN countries and China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand formally signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP). After eight years of negotiations, the world’s largest free trade zone was finally announced and officially set sail. The picture shows Xiaoshovel Beach Wharf in Yangpu, Hainan, which was shot on September 23rd. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pu Xiaoxu/photo
Economic globalization has experienced twists and turns, but the general direction forward has not changed.There are "forward impetus and backward resistance" in economic globalization: the impetus is a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation; The resistance is unilateralism, protectionism and bullying. On the whole, the driving force is still greater than the resistance, and open cooperation is still the general trend of development. Economic globalization is more an incremental slowdown than a stock decline. Except for a few crisis years, trade in goods remained stable. In 2019, global exports of goods increased by 17.1% compared with 2008 before the financial crisis, and trade in services flourished. In 2019, global exports of services increased by 52.4% compared with 2008. Digital trade is in the ascendant, and the global cross-border e-commerce market is growing at an average annual rate of nearly 30%, and cross-border digital trade is expected to break out in the future. Regional integration has developed in depth. At present, the number of free trade arrangements notified to the WTO and taking effect has increased by 237 compared with that before the crisis. Major countries have promoted a higher level of openness through regional trade arrangements, and the negotiation topics have gone from "on-border" trade barriers to "behind-the-border" regulation, reflecting the general trend of deepening economic globalization. In the era of global village, the global value chain is expanding deeply, and countries are more closely linked to form a community of interests, responsibilities and destiny. It is not in the common interest of mankind to return to the state of "isolated island" and "reverse the car" in history.
Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has always adhered to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, continuously expanded its opening up, achieved a great historical turning point from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening up, and became a beneficiary and an important contributor to economic globalization. In the past, the main driving force of economic globalization was the United States and other western countries. Today, we are regarded as the biggest standard-bearer of free trade and globalization. Guided by the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on economic globalization, we have set up a global thinking, unswervingly and comprehensively expanded opening up, built a new open economic system at a higher level, promoted the common opening of the world through our own opening up, and are moving from an open big country to an open powerful country.
According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade in the first 11 months of this year was 29.04 trillion yuan, up 1.8% year-on-year. The picture shows that on August 27th, 2020, workers of Zhenjiang Shipyard (Group) Co., Ltd. in Jiangsu Province carried out electric welding work on the deck transport ship exported to Germany. People’s picture fengjiangjiang/photo
— — Promote the high-quality development of trade. Promote the innovation and development of foreign trade, foster new formats and models, continuously optimize the trade structure, reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers, promote trade liberalization and facilitation, expand the import of high-quality goods, and innovate and develop service trade. 2016— In 2019, the import and export volume of China’s goods trade grew at an average annual rate of 7.5%, maintaining its position as the largest exporter for 11 consecutive years; The import and export volume of service trade increased by 6% annually, ranking second in the world. In the first 11 months of this year, China’s goods exports increased by 0.6% year-on-year, and it is expected to achieve positive growth throughout the year, and its position as a major trading country has been continuously consolidated. In the future, we will enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign trade and steadily promote the construction of a strong trading country.
— — Improve the level of utilizing foreign capital. Actively expand market access, relax the restrictions on the ratio of foreign shares in banks, securities and insurance, expand the opening of high-end manufacturing and service industries, increase the protection of intellectual property rights, and continuously improve the business environment, forming a huge "gravitational field" for international capital. 2016— In 2019, China used a total of 549.6 billion US dollars of foreign capital, becoming the second largest foreign capital inflow country in the world, and the utilization of foreign capital in high-tech industries increased by 24% annually. In the first 10 months of this year, China actually utilized foreign capital of US$ 115.1 billion, a year-on-year increase of 3.9%. In the future, we will continue to relax market access, protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-funded enterprises in accordance with the law, and allow foreign businessmen to stay and develop.
— — Innovate the way of foreign investment. Comply with the trend of global industrial transfer, encourage enterprises to go abroad, optimize the layout of national industries, enhance the ability of global resource allocation, build China investment brand, and build a global trade, investment, production and service network. 2016— In 2019, China’s foreign direct investment totaled 634.4 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world; Through foreign investment cooperation, it has driven exports to more than 500 billion US dollars. By the end of 2019, 44,000 enterprises had been established in 188 countries and regions; There are more than 2.2 million foreign employees in "going out" enterprises, which has promoted the local industrialization process and improved people’s livelihood and welfare. In the future, we will improve the laws, policies and service systems for promoting and guaranteeing overseas investment, help enterprises improve their transnational operation capabilities, tighten interest ties and promote common development.
Second, grasp the trend of global governance reform and contribute more "China wisdom"
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years. The global epidemic of COVID-19 epidemic has accelerated this great change and the world has entered a period of turbulent change. The law of the jungle and the winner-take-all are a narrow dead end, and inclusiveness and mutual benefit are the right path in the world. At present, the contest for the dominance of global governance and international rulemaking is fierce; It is necessary to inject Chinese power into reforming and optimizing global governance; Promote economic globalization in a more open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win direction. The important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary provides a guide for our participation in the reform of the global economic governance system.
The reform of global economic governance system is at a historical turning point.The world has entered an accelerated evolution period, and global challenges have increased. It is the general trend to strengthen global governance and promote the reform of the global economic governance system. The contrast of international power "East Rising and West Falling" is the most revolutionary change. With the rise of emerging markets and developing countries, the world share of economy and trade has increased by about 20 percentage points compared with the 1990s, and the proportion of foreign investment has increased by 18 percentage points. The trend of multipolarization in global governance is obvious. The willingness and ability of developing countries to participate in governance are constantly improving, and promoting the global governance system is more just and reasonable, which requires continuous efforts.
Existing international economic and trade rules are difficult to adapt to new changes.The deep-seated contradictions in global development are increasingly prominent: global problems are increasing and solutions are insufficient; Global rules increase and international coordination is insufficient; The global market is expanding, and the regulation and supervision are insufficient. The focus of global governance has changed. International trade and investment continue to innovate and develop, and global governance issues have shifted from border measures such as market opening to "post-border" regulations such as subsidies, labor and the environment. The new round of scientific and technological revolution has given birth to new governance problems, and the game of new issues such as network security, digital sovereignty and data flow has become more intense.
We have strengthened the Party’s overall leadership over China’s participation in global economic governance, promoted the development of economic globalization in a more balanced direction, promoted the construction of an open world economy, clearly opposed protectionism in trade and investment, promoted the democratization and legalization of global governance rules, strived to maintain and extend China’s important strategic opportunity period, and became an important participant and contributor to global economic governance.
— — China’s ideas and programs have gained more recognition. Put forward the concept of building a community of human destiny, adhere to the correct concept of justice and benefit, advocate the concept of global governance of joint construction and sharing, conform to the trend of the times, increase the convergence of interests between China and other countries, and enrich the concept of global governance; Actively provide international public goods, hold China-Africa Cooperation Forum, China International Import Expo(CIIE) and other major home diplomatic activities, and set up AIIB and BRICS Bank. A number of China’s propositions, China’s proposal and China’s initiative have become an international consensus, and the international community expects China to play more constructive roles in trade and investment, digital governance and other fields. In the future, we should strengthen internal and external coordination, put forward the China Initiative to practice the concept of global economic governance, and safeguard international fairness and justice.
— — Building the "Belt and Road" together is deep and practical. Adhere to the principle of cooperation, joint construction and sharing, uphold the concept of green, openness and honesty, conscientiously implement the results of the "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, and basically form the interconnection structure of "six corridors and six roads, many countries and many ports", and a number of projects with good comprehensive benefits and strong driving effects have taken root. In 2019, China’s total trade in goods with countries along the route accounted for 29.4% of foreign trade, and the proportion of direct investment increased to 13.7%, up 3.7 and 5.2 percentage points respectively compared with 2016. In the future, we will continue to build the "Belt and Road" with high quality, build a road of cooperation that unites to meet challenges, maintain people’s health and safety, promote economic and social recovery, and release the growth path of development potential.
— — Deepen multilateral, bilateral and regional cooperation. Actively participate in WTO reform, put forward "three principles" and "five propositions", and promote the formulation of rules in emerging fields such as e-commerce. A total of 19 free trade agreements have been signed with 26 countries and regions, especially the newly signed regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement. The total population, economy and trade of the 15 member countries account for about 30% of the world, which is not only the landmark achievement of deepening regional cooperation in East Asia, but also the victory of multilateralism and free trade. Efforts should be made to stabilize the overall situation of Sino-US relations, deepen Sino-Russian strategic cooperation and China-EU cooperation, accelerate the negotiation process of free trade agreements such as China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment, China, Japan and South Korea, and expand pragmatic cooperation with developing countries. In the future, we will actively participate in the reform of the WTO, implement the strategy of upgrading the free trade zone, negotiate and sign high-standard free trade agreements with more countries, continue to expand the "circle of friends" and promote the open development of the world.
Third, grasp the new trend of economic globalization after the epidemic and promote the construction of a new development pattern
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that economic globalization has encountered a countercurrent and the world has entered a period of turbulent change; With the change of global political and economic environment, the trend of anti-globalization has intensified, and some countries have engaged in unilateralism and protectionism, which has obviously weakened the traditional international cycle; The new development pattern is by no means a closed domestic cycle, but an open and mutually promoting domestic and international dual cycle; We don’t seek to outshine others, we don’t win or lose, and we don’t operate behind closed doors. We will gradually form a new development pattern with domestic big circulation as the main body and domestic and international double circulation promoting each other, which will open up space for China’s economic development and add impetus to the recovery and growth of the world economy. These important expositions provide an action guide for building a new development pattern and better participating in global open cooperation.
The current world economic situation has undergone profound changes.The international environment is becoming more and more complex, and the instability and uncertainty are obviously increasing. The growth of global trade and investment is sluggish. Before the international financial crisis, the growth rate of global trade was twice that of the economy, and after the crisis, it was roughly the same as the economic growth rate. International organizations predict that global trade will decline by about 30% this year and only rebound by 7.2% next year; Global direct investment has dropped by 40% and will continue to drop by 5% next year & mdash; 10%。 Populism has intensified and trade protectionism has warmed up, expanding from traditional industries to emerging industries and high-tech industries. International investment restrictions have been strengthened. Developed countries have vigorously supported the return of manufacturing industry and introduced corresponding policies to attract automobile manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, electronic information, biomedicine and other industries to return to China. The epidemic situation has further aggravated the adjustment of global industrial chain supply chain.
New changes have taken place in China’s opening-up and development conditions.Traditional advantages are weakening and new advantages are being cultivated. In recent years, China’s labor force has gradually decreased, the cost advantage has weakened, and some important resources are in short supply. In 2019, the external dependence of iron ore, crude oil and soybean was 80%, 72% and 86% respectively. The new advantages of R&D, technology, standards, brand and marketing need to be improved, and the task of high-quality development is urgent. Super-large-scale market advantages appear. China’s economic aggregate ranks second in the world, with a per capita GDP of more than 10,000 US dollars, a population of 1.4 billion, more than 400 million middle-income groups, the most complete and largest industrial system in the world and perfect supporting capabilities. It is the most potential market in the world, and its international appeal continues to increase.
In the face of major changes in the domestic and international environment and grasping the new characteristics of China’s entry into a new stage of development, we adhere to the new development concept and high-quality development, and propose to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern. This is the first move to grasp the initiative of development, not a forced move or an expedient measure; This is an open domestic and international double cycle, not a closed domestic single cycle; This is based on the domestic big cycle on the basis of the national unified big market, and not all localities engage in small self-cycles. We should implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, comprehensively open wider to the outside world, and promote the benign interaction between domestic and international double cycles.
— — Build a unified market that is shared globally. Promote deep-seated reform through high-level opening up, improve urban and rural circulation network, vigorously develop urban, rural and service consumption, promote the integration of domestic and foreign trade, and host China International Import Expo(CIIE) to actively expand imports. In 2019, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China reached 41 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world; The import was 2.1 trillion US dollars, and it is estimated that the import will be 22 trillion US dollars in the next 10 years, and the third China International Import Expo(CIIE) transaction will be 72.62 billion US dollars, which has expanded the international demand under the epidemic situation. In the future, we will promote consumption in an all-round way, improve the modern commercial circulation system, expand the import of high-quality goods and services, and make the China market a world market, a shared market and a market for everyone.
— — Create a new highland for opening to the outside world. Link the construction of a new development pattern with the implementation of the national regional coordinated development strategy and the construction of a pilot free trade zone, encourage the pilot free trade zone to make bold attempts, boldly break through and make independent reforms, and accelerate the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port. At present, 21 pilot free trade zones have been established, and 260 institutional innovations have been replicated and promoted. The overall plan for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port was promulgated to promote the free flow of goods, services, funds, personnel and information. In the future, we will promote the high-quality development of the Pilot Free Trade Zone and the Free Trade Port and create an important strategic fulcrum for the new development pattern.
The World Trade Report 2020: Innovation Promotion Policies in the Digital Age issued by the World Trade Organization on November 23, 2020 pointed out that strengthening international cooperation will help to enhance the effectiveness of digital innovation policies and maximize the positive effects of policies. The picture shows that on November 11, in the rookie overseas warehouse in Guadalajara, Spain, the staff were sorting goods. This year, when the COVID-19 epidemic has not stopped spreading, the "Double Eleven" has led a new wave of online consumption in Spain. Xinhua News Agency reporter Meng Dingbo/photo
— — Promote institutional openness such as rules. Actively connect with international economic and trade rules, enhance transparency, strengthen property rights protection, encourage competition and oppose monopoly, and continuously optimize the business environment. We will improve the foreign investment management system, fully implement the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system, and introduce the foreign investment law. The international ranking of the business environment has increased from 78 in 2017 to 31. The scope and layout of opening up are constantly expanding. Among the 160 service sectors defined by the WTO, China has opened more than 120. We will further promote streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services’s reform in the field of opening up, and deepen opening up inland and along the border. In the future, we will pay more attention to institutional openness such as rules, regulations, management and standards, and form a new open economic system with a higher level.
Fourth, grasp the risk prevention of economic globalization and build security in opening up.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that economic globalization is a "double-edged sword". When the world economy is in a downturn, both developed and developing countries will feel pressure and impact. The overall environment of our open development today is more favorable than ever before, and the contradictions, risks and games we face are unprecedented; The more open we are, the more we should pay attention to safety, and the more we should make overall plans for development and safety, so that we can be incorruptible. Development is the foundation and guarantee of security; Development is the greatest security and the "master key" to solve security problems; Constantly expanding and improving the level of opening up to the outside world, promoting reform and development through opening up, is an important magic weapon for China’s development to continuously achieve new achievements. These important expositions provide a fundamental basis for us to implement the overall national security concept in the process of participating in economic globalization, dynamically seek higher-level security in the process of expanding opening up, and improve our ability to participate in and lead economic globalization.
Economic globalization not only provides development opportunities, but also may bring security risks.While economic globalization is making a big "cake", the problem of dividing the "cake" is becoming increasingly prominent. Different countries face different security situations because of their different national conditions, systems and stages of development. While the developed countries benefit from the process of economic globalization, due to the inadequate adjustment of domestic policies, there have been problems such as hollowing out industries, insufficient employment and widening gap between the rich and the poor. Developing countries have made remarkable achievements in opening up to the outside world, but their development strength and risk coping ability are insufficient, and they are vulnerable to external risks. The globalization of economic risks requires global cooperation and joint response. The economies of all countries in the world are interdependent. "You have me and I have you." Economic security has also become a global issue, and no country can be immune to it. It has become a realistic choice for all countries to strengthen international cooperation, seek their own security and expand common security in opening up.
In the process of participating in economic globalization, China has strengthened its strength and gained security, while facing new challenges.For more than 40 years, we have handled the relationship between independence and opening up. On the one hand, we have strengthened our comprehensive national strength and significantly improved our security and maintenance capabilities in the process of opening up; On the other hand, we should grasp the strength and rhythm of opening up and pay attention to risk prevention. For example, we should deal with it properly when joining the WTO, and the "wolf coming" that many people are worried about has not appeared. At present, China has developed from a "small economic and trade country" to a "big economic and trade country" and is moving towards a "strong economic and trade country". Its participation in economic globalization is deepening and its interaction with the world is significantly increasing. At the same time, unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise in the world, and China’s external risks are also increasing, which requires us to properly deal with them from the height of creating a good external environment for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Facing the new situation, new problems and new challenges, we must resolutely implement the new development concept and the overall concept of national security, establish an open concept of economic security, better safeguard national economic security under open conditions, and enhance our ability to participate in and lead economic globalization.
— — Coordinate openness and security. It is necessary to open windows and install screens to better maintain economic security. In the new stage of development, domestic development must be planned under the background of economic globalization, making full use of two markets and two resources, promoting market-oriented reform and high-quality development in an all-round way, ensuring economic security with stronger industrial competitiveness, stronger economic strength and stronger comprehensive national strength, and participating in a higher level of economic globalization with a safer economic system. Comply with the law of economic development of big countries, take expanding domestic demand as the fundamental foothold of economic development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, make overall plans for opening up and reform and development, and find a golden combination of opening up and security.
— — Effectively prevent and resolve risks. We must adhere to the bottom line thinking, resolutely hold the bottom line and red line in foreign negotiations such as signing a free trade agreement, resolutely implement the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee, stabilize the basic disk of foreign trade and foreign investment, stabilize the supply chain of the global industrial chain, guard against risks related to the "Belt and Road" and implement risk prevention. Grasp the strength, progress and depth of opening up, actively respond to traditional and non-traditional security risks, and better safeguard national economic security.
— — Enhance the ability to participate in and lead economic globalization. Improve the ability of rulemaking, take multilateral, regional and bilateral measures simultaneously, actively participate in the new round of rulemaking, effectively oppose protectionism, and effectively safeguard free trade and multilateralism. Improve the ability of safety maintenance, use the internationally accepted rules, improve the industrial safety mechanism, improve the early warning of economic safety risks, and improve the mechanisms of foreign capital safety review, industrial injury early warning and trade remedy to safeguard China’s development interests. Improve the ability to guarantee talents, actively cultivate international talents in economy, law, management and negotiation, increase China’s representation in international organizations, improve the environment for introducing international talents, create a favorable international environment for China, and maintain and extend the period of strategic opportunities in China.
Economic globalization is an irreversible historical trend. Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we should strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", achieve the "two safeguards", better coordinate the two overall situations at home and abroad, unswervingly support and participate in economic globalization, unswervingly open wider to the outside world, promote the construction of a new development pattern, and greet the centenary of the founding of the Party with excellent results.
