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As one of the core components of automobile, engine not only determines the quality of automobile, but also determines the temperament of automobile. Under the influence of manufacturers and media for many years, consumers generally understand what kind of output performance will be brought to the engine behind the parameters such as displacement, torque, horsepower and power. However, in the vehicle configuration table, the engine will have a label, engine cylinder diameter and stroke. What information is hidden behind these two parameters?

Influence of radius ratio on engine dynamic characteristics

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Simply put, the cylinder diameter refers to the diameter of the cylinder piston (inner wall diameter), and the stroke refers to the distance from the retraction to the extension of the piston rod. We all know that engine power is basically determined by engine displacement, and engine displacement = π× square of cylinder radius× stroke× number of cylinders, so the product of cylinder diameter and stroke determines engine power.

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Under the premise of constant displacement, engine cylinders can be designed into different combinations, which can be generally divided into three types: cylinder diameter > stroke, short stroke engine; Cylinder diameter = stroke, equal stroke engine; Cylinder diameter < stroke, long stroke engine. The ratio of cylinder diameter to stroke is called radius ratio, which is an important parameter to judge the high and low speed of the engine.

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The design of short-stroke engine with large cylinder diameter will increase the engine area and occupy a larger space in the engine room, but relatively, the engine height will not be too high, so it can effectively reduce the focus of the whole vehicle and ensure high-speed stability and handling performance. In terms of power output, short-stroke engines generally have higher rotational speed, because after the stroke is shortened, the stroke that a single work pushes the piston will also be shortened, and the number of times of doing work in the same time will also increase accordingly, and the output power will be greater, with the disadvantage of low torsion difference.

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The long-stroke engine is designed with a small cylinder diameter, so the engine occupies a small area, and the front of the engine can be designed to be shorter, giving space to the cab behind. However, the longer stroke leads to the higher height of the engine, which hinders the reduction of wind resistance and streamline modeling design, and the higher center of gravity is not conducive to high-speed handling performance. Generally, the engine with long stroke design will have a low speed of peak torque. Because the piston runs once in the cylinder for a long time, the dynamic acceleration is high, so the torque is easy to increase. The disadvantage is that the top speed is not high, and because of the long stroke, the jitter problem of the engine is obvious.

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The performance of constant stroke engine is between short stroke engine and long stroke engine. Although the short-stroke engine has high speed and stable output, it has no advantage in spatial layout, so the equal-impact engine is a compromise method, which keeps a certain cylinder diameter and a certain stroke, for example, Subaru 2.0L FA20 engine cylinder diameter = stroke diameter = 86 mm.

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Therefore, it can be seen that the longer the engine stroke, the greater the displacement of the engine, but if the stroke is too long, stability and bending performance should be considered, while the short-stroke engine has high speed, low vibration and stable operation, but the manufacturing cost will be higher. Therefore, at present, the cylinder diameter ratio of short-stroke engines is generally not more than 1.3: 1, and those that exceed 1.3: 1 are reinforced, and so are long-stroke engines.

Is it better to have a larger stroke or a larger cylinder diameter?

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A good understanding of the relationship between cylinder diameter and stroke can explain why some cars reach the red line at 5000 rpm, and some cars still have no fuel cut at 8000 rpm. Even if the same brand has the same engine with the same displacement and different models, its speed will be different. So, what effect does the speed have on consumers?

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From the performance point of view, the stability of high rotation output of short-stroke engine is king, the starting acceleration is not high, and the speed is its specialty. Of course, high speed certainly means high fuel consumption, because the piston runs up before a drop of oil is used up, so the engine with high speed has high fuel consumption and emissions, which is generally suitable for sports cars or sports cars.

Comparatively speaking, the long-stroke engine is more space-saving in design, and the layout in the engine compartment is more convenient and changeable. For car companies, even if a new model is introduced later, it can be easily adapted with a little optimization, so it is more popular, which is not necessarily a bad routine for consumers.

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Short stroke, small reciprocating inertia of the engine, suitable for high rotation; On the contrary, long stroke, large engine inertia and good low torque. Therefore, long-stroke engines that are good at emitting large torque in low-speed areas are more suitable for vehicles that require higher traction but lower speed, such as off-road vehicles, SUVs, trucks and so on. This kind of long-stroke engine generally has good torque characteristics and good starting performance, and the long stroke makes the engine burn more fully, so the fuel consumption is less, so it is very suitable for ordinary people to use. Now many ordinary cars also use long-stroke engines.

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With the development of science and technology, in order to save mold and design costs, some large companies use engines with the same diameter-to-diameter ratio for their sports cars, cars and off-road vehicles, that is, several engines with different displacement share the cylinder block, and only adjust the number of cylinders or ECU driving computer to meet the needs of different models. For example, Volkswagen does not name every engine with a displacement, but all engines that use a cylinder are called the same name, and the prefix of the name is the same. EA113 is the code name of the engine block. This series of engines have been used in the fifth generation GTI, Audi TTS, Passat B5 and other models of golf.

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Yaston’s nodule

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For Keyboard Man, it is the most basic skill to know the performance of the engine by looking at the parameters. It is impossible to determine the performance of the engine just by looking at the basic parameters such as displacement, torque and power of the engine. Cylinder diameter and stroke should also be considered as important information, which is also applicable to ordinary consumers.

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　　On May 24th, A shares fell into hot search again. At the close, the Shanghai Composite Index fell 2.41%, the Shenzhen Composite Index fell 3.34%, the Growth Enterprise Market Index fell 3.82%, and Kechuang 50 fell nearly 5%. A total of 4461 stocks fell and only 278 stocks rose.

　　Wind data shows that northbound funds sold 9.549 billion yuan in the whole day, and the single-day net sales reached a new high since March 15.

　　Why did A shares plummet? What do you think of the market outlook A number of fund companies interpret the performance of the market today.

　　Why did A shares plummet?

　　Bank of China Fund said that the main factors affecting the market today are as follows:

　　First of all, after a strong rebound in the early stage, the upward momentum of A shares gradually weakened. Since the bottom rebound of A-shares on April 26th, after three weeks of repair, the space for oversold rebound has basically been realized, and the oversold kinetic energy of A-shares is gradually weakening.

　　Secondly, the overseas interest rate hike cycle continues to strengthen, affecting market risk appetite. European Central Bank President Lagarde made it clear on May 23rd that the European Central Bank will decide to raise interest rates at the monetary policy meeting in July this year. At the same time, the Fed accepted more than $2 trillion in fixed-rate reverse repurchase for the first time, hitting a record high for three consecutive days. The excess liquidity and high inflationary pressure reflected by it may prompt the Fed to intensify policy tightening.

　　Third, today’s sharp adjustment of Hong Kong stocks and the sharp net outflow of funds from the north have affected the sentiment of A-share investors.

　　According to the Morgan Fund, with the control of the epidemic in Shanghai and the warm care of the policy, the temperature recovery of A shares has been more obvious since May. After accumulating a certain increase, the upward pressure on the market is greater, and it is not surprising that there is a staged callback. Kechuang 50, which had a good rise in the previous period, led the decline. First, there may be funds to settle some of the previous profits. Second, today, an innovative drug, White Horse, experienced a large decline as expected due to the research and development of new drugs, which increased market volatility.

　　ICBC Credit Suisse Fund said that the current overseas interest rate hike policy has been continuously strengthened, and the negative interpretation of the fundamentals and overseas situation in China has been extreme since this year. Since the Shanghai Composite Index broke through 3,100 points and rebounded at the bottom, the characteristics of the emotional game are still remarkable, and the index failed to break through when it approached 3,150 points three times. As a weather vane of funds, it has flowed out substantially in the past two days, which has suppressed the market participation sentiment to some extent.

　　How to look at the market outlook?

　　The Bank of China Fund believes that the most difficult period of the market may have passed, and it will be gradually repaired but the space is limited. On the one hand, the 429 Politburo meeting emphasized that "the epidemic should be prevented, the economy should be stabilized, and development should be safe", and the policy bottom has been formed. Recently, the central bank lowered the lower limit of mortgage interest rate and LPR interest rate, and the policy of steady growth has been gradually overweight. On the other hand, it is still necessary to observe the improvement of the following factors in the larger-scale rebound and even reversal of the market: first, the domestic epidemic situation has further improved; second, the steady growth policy has been further exerted and effective; third, the inflation in the United States has clearly dropped and the attitude of the Federal Reserve has turned to doves.

　　Morgan investment fund believes that looking forward to the future, the negative factors affecting the market in the early stage will be gradually eliminated, and A shares are expected to gradually bottom out. Yesterday, the National People’s Congress further deployed a package of measures to stabilize the economy, striving to push the economy back to the normal track and ensure that the economy operates within a reasonable range. The package of measures to stabilize the economy announced this time is not only timely, but also linked with relevant policies such as finance, finance, industry and supply chain, covering industries that were seriously affected in the early stage and key areas related to the national economy. It is expected that relevant rules will be implemented one after another to help the economy grow steadily.

　　According to the Morgan Stanley Fund, in this big environment, A shares may consolidate in the second half of the year under the marginal improvement of related factors. Investors can focus on the manufacturing industry whose predicament is reversed after the epidemic is controlled, non-essential consumer goods that benefit from economic recovery, and growth sectors with high certainty of industry development space and sufficient valuation digestion.

　　ICBC Credit Suisse Fund said that the current valuation of A shares is at the bottom of the market, the domestic and international environment is gradually improving, and the time when the market reaction is more intense may have passed. The the State Council executive meeting deployed a package of measures to stabilize the economy and decided to implement 33 measures in six aspects to further stabilize the basic economy. It is suggested that we should continue to pay attention to the infrastructure and real estate industry chain under the logic of "steady growth", the opportunity to repair the valuation of cyclical products under the logic of "inflation", and the growth sectors such as new energy power generation, consumer electronics and new energy vehicles with matching valuation and performance growth under the logic of "high prosperity".

　　CEIBS said that it is unlikely that the short-term market will directly enter the reverse trend. Because the current market has fully taken into account the impact of the epidemic, it is expected that the short-term market will still be dominated by shocks under the premise of the subsequent non-proliferation of geopolitical conflicts and other factors. Standing in the dimension of the whole year, we will continue to be optimistic about the new infrastructure areas with high growth and high certainty in the medium term.

Welcome to Autohome Tangshan Promotion Channel, we bring you the latest automotive market trends. Currently, the much-anticipated Tangshan area is holding an unprecedented promotion. Car buyers, please note that this luxury new energy model is attracting consumers with a cash discount of up to 40,000 yuan, and the minimum starting price has been reduced to 509,000 yuan. This attractive price range provides consumers in Tangshan with an excellent time to buy a car. If you are interested in Lexus RX new energy, be sure to click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to seize this rare car buying opportunity in time and strive for more competitive preferential treatment.

The exterior design of the Lexus RX New Energy shows the perfect fusion of luxury and technology. On the front face, the iconic spindle grille of Lexus is still eye-catching, and the delicate chrome plating process highlights its high-end sense. The LED headlight group is like a sharp gaze, which not only enhances the lighting effect, but also adds a modern touch to the overall shape. The body lines are smooth and the proportions are coordinated, showing the elegant and powerful body contour. The overall style not only retains the usual stability of Lexus, but also incorporates the futuristic feeling unique to new energy models, so that people can recognize its unique identity at a glance.

The Lexus RX New Energy shows a unique sense of luxury with its streamlined side design. The body dimensions are 4890mm x 1920mm x 1695mm in length, width and height, and the wheelbase reaches 2850mm. This body ratio guarantees a spacious interior space and good driving stability. The tire size is 235/50 R21, and the front and rear tire specifications are consistent, which not only provides good grip, but also perfectly blends with the body line, showing the consistent exquisite craftsmanship of Lexus. The wheel rim design reflects the brand’s pursuit of detail, which is integrated with the body, adding a touch of sports and elegant visual effects to the vehicle.

The interior design of Lexus RX New Energy shows the perfect fusion of luxury and technology. In the spacious cockpit, the steering wheel is made of exquisite leather material, equipped with electric up and down + front and rear adjustment functions, providing a comfortable grip and precise control experience. The center console is equipped with a 14-inch high definition touch screen, integrated multimedia system, navigation and phone functions, supports automatic speech recognition, which is easy and efficient to operate. The layout of USB and Type-C interfaces is both practical and fully considers the charging needs of passengers. There are corresponding numbers of interfaces in the front and rear rows, and the front row also has the function of wireless charging of mobile phones, which is convenient and fast.

In terms of seats, Lexus RX New Energy uses high-grade leather materials. The seats support multi-directional adjustment, including front and rear, backrest, height and waist support. Both the driver’s seat and the passenger’s seat are equipped with electric seat memory functions to ensure the comfort of long-distance driving. The second row of seats also provides backrest adjustment to provide passengers with a comfortable riding space. The rear seats support proportional reclining, which increases the practicality of the vehicle and can meet different load needs. The overall interior design pays attention to details, creating an elegant and practical interior environment.

Lexus RX New Energy is equipped with a 2.5L displacement L4 engine with a maximum power of 136 kilowatts, providing a stable power output for the vehicle. The maximum torque of this engine is 228 Nm, and with the E-CVT continuously variable transmission, it not only ensures high efficiency, but also brings a smooth driving experience. This power configuration allows RX New Energy to meet daily needs while also taking into account the concept of energy-saving and environmentally friendly travel.

Summarizing the car owner’s experience, he was full of praise for the Lexus RX new energy, especially its rapid acceleration in pure electric mode, which made him feel the improvement of driving pleasure. In addition, the stylish and atmospheric exterior design and excellent sound insulation performance he mentioned undoubtedly added extra appeal to this luxury SUV. It can be said that the Lexus RX new energy not only satisfies his pursuit of performance and comfort, but also shows its unique charm, making driving a real enjoyment.

The official beautiful picture of the Blue Electric E5 PLUS was released today, with its aesthetic appearance, wide interior space, flexible choice of five- and seven-seat versions, and surging power performance, once again leading the new fashion of the mid-sized SUV market.

In terms of exterior design, the Blue Electric E5 PLUS breaks the traditional constraints and creates a strong visual impact with a streamlined body design and a unique front face shape. The body lines are smooth and powerful, and every detail reveals the designer’s ultimate pursuit of aesthetics. In the front part, the delicate air intake grille complements the sharp headlights, showing a strong brand recognition.

In terms of interior space, the blue electric E5 PLUS also performs well. The spacious cockpit design provides passengers with ample head and legroom, even for long-distance travel.

The interior is made of high-quality materials and delicate to the touch, creating a luxurious and comfortable riding atmosphere. It is particularly worth mentioning that the Blue Electric E5 PLUS offers five- and seven-seat versions to meet the needs of different consumers.

The five-seat version has abundant space and is suitable for family travel; the seven-seat version is more flexible and versatile, suitable for group or multi-person travel.

The official release of the Blue Electric E5 PLUS undoubtedly brings consumers a high-quality model that combines aesthetic appearance, wide space, flexible seat layout and surging power. Whether it is young people who pursue fashion trends or consumers who pay attention to family travel, they can find their favorite choice in this model.

　　"This is a moment to change the rules of the game." On March 10th, when Saudi Arabia and Iran shook hands in Beijing, CNN described it in an article.

　　The US media described this as "not only easing the long-standing tension between Riyadh and Tehran, but also heralding the end of an era of blood flowing in the Middle East".

　　The Beijing Dialogue has turned a new page in Saudi-Iranian relations, and China’s mediation has also brought new hope for peace and stability in the Middle East.

　　On the 10th of this month, under the mediation of China, two big countries in the Middle East &mdash; &mdash; Saudi Arabia and Iran agreed to end the seven-year estrangement and resume diplomatic relations. A "reconciliation tide" in the Middle East has thus opened.

　　Turkey and Egypt agreed to resume diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level as soon as possible, and Syria and Saudi Arabia normalized their relations 12 years after breaking diplomatic relations.

　　Previous hostile parties in the Middle East shook hands and made peace. Some analysts believe that the situation in the Middle East has ushered in a long-lost "diplomatic spring".

　　Shay shook hands and made peace.

　　Foreign Ministers of Saudi Arabia and Iran

　　Bilateral talks will be held during Ramadan.

　　In the early morning of 27th local time, Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan telephoned Iranian Foreign Minister Abdullahiyan, and the two sides agreed to hold bilateral talks during Ramadan this year.

　　According to the report of Saudi National News Agency, the foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia and Iran also "discussed some issues of common concern according to the agreement signed by the two sides in China". Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and an important month for Muslims all over the world. This year’s Ramadan is from late March to mid-April in the Gregorian calendar.

　　As representative countries of Sunni and Shia sects of Islam, Saudi Arabia and Iran have always been opposed to each other on many regional issues. In 2016, the two countries broke off diplomatic relations directly. Affected by this, some other Gulf Arab countries have also broken off diplomatic relations with Iran or downgraded their diplomatic relations.

　　From March 6 to 10 this year, with the mediation and support of the China government, representatives of Saudi Arabia and Iran held a dialogue in Beijing.

　　On March 10th, the two countries reached the Beijing agreement, and the three parties of China, Saudi Arabia and Iraq signed and issued a joint statement, announcing that Saudi Arabia and Iraq agreed to resume diplomatic relations, stressing that the three parties will make joint efforts to safeguard the basic norms of international relations and promote international peace and security.

　　Ali Shamkhani, secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, said: We hope that this new chapter will end the deadlock in relations between the two countries in the past seven years, bring more stability and security to the region and bring greater development and prosperity to the people.

　　Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bluntly said that China was the best "middleman" to facilitate the resumption of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Saudi Arabia.

　　Iran is ready to resume

　　Economic ties with Arab countries

　　Five days after the Beijing Agreement was reached, Saudi Finance Minister Mohammad Jia Dan said at a financial forum in Riyadh on March 15th that Saudi Arabia would invest in Iran "soon". In his view, Saudi Arabia has many investment opportunities in Iran. As long as both sides abide by the agreement, "there are no obstacles."

　　According to the Russian satellite news agency reported on the 21st, Iranian Minister of Economy and Finance ihsan Handuzi said that Iran is ready to resume economic ties with all Arab countries in the Middle East after the signing of the agreement to resume diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia.

　　At present, the two countries are facing totally different economic situations. As part of Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has made a lot of international investment and launched large-scale projects worth trillions of dollars to realize diversified economic development. However, Iran’s economic situation is difficult because of Western sanctions. Investment from Saudi Arabia will greatly help Iran’s battered economy.

　　Ice-breaking trip in Syria

　　Saudi Arabia

　　Or accept Syria to reintegrate into the Arab world.

　　On March 23rd, Reuters reported that Saudi Arabia and Syria agreed to reopen their embassies through consultation.

　　It is reported that after the Muslim festival Eid al-Fitr at the end of April, Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal may visit Damascus, the Syrian capital, and negotiators will strive to reach relevant agreements before then.

　　This is the first dialogue between Saudi Arabia and Syria since 2012, and it is also regarded as another "historic moment" after Saudi Arabia and Iran resumed diplomatic relations.

　　In 2011, after the civil war broke out in Syria, some Arab countries made bad relations with the Syrian government. At that time, Saudi Arabia supported the Syrian opposition against the Syrian government led by Bashar al-Assad. In 2012, the two countries officially broke off diplomatic relations. In the past 12 years, there has never been formal official contact between the two countries.

　　On February 6 this year, two major earthquakes occurred in the border areas of Turkey and Syria. A week after the earthquake, a Saudi plane carrying relief supplies landed at Aleppo International Airport in Syria. This is the first time that a Saudi plane has landed in the Syrian government-controlled area since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in the past 12 years.

　　In May this year, Saudi Arabia will host the next Arab League summit. If the two sides can reach a formal agreement before, the vote on accepting Syria’s reintegration into the Arab world is expected to be included in the agenda of the summit.

　　United Arab Emirates

　　"It is time for Syria to return to the Arab family."

　　In fact, a few days before Saudi Arabia took the step of "reconciliation" with Syria, another Middle Eastern country took the lead in extending its hands to Syria.

　　On March 19th, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his wife paid a state visit to the United Arab Emirates and received the highest standard of courtesy from the Arab side. UAE President Mohammed personally picked up the plane.

　　UAE President Mohammed said: "It is time for Syria to return to the Arab family."

　　Like Saudi Arabia, the UAE also supported Syrian rebels during the Syrian civil war.

　　At the end of December 2018, the UAE reopened its embassy in Syria.

　　In October 2021, UAE Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Abdullah led a delegation to visit Syria and met with President Bashar al-Assad, releasing the signal of normalization of relations.

　　In the recent earthquake relief in Turkey and Syria, the United Arab Emirates was one of the first countries to provide Syria with a large number of relief materials and send search and rescue teams.

　　The United States is deeply disappointed and uneasy about this.

　　It is worth noting that both Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are important allies of the United States in the Middle East. Seeing that the two countries have extended an olive branch to Syria, the attitude of the United States is "disappointed and uneasy". Patel, the State Council’s chief deputy spokesman, said: Our position against normalization of relations has not changed, and we will not normalize relations with the Assad regime. Our position on this has always been very clear, and we have also made it very clear with our allies.

　　Dawn of reconciliation in Yemen

　　The two sides in Yemen reached an agreement on prisoner exchange.

　　In addition, since Iran and Saudi Arabia supported the opposing sides in the Yemen conflict, the reconciliation between the two countries will also bring hope for peace to Yemen, which is deeply mired in war.

　　After several rounds of negotiations, on the 20th, the Yemeni government and Houthi armed forces reached an agreement in Geneva to exchange 887 prisoners of war. On the same day, Hans Grundberg, the UN Special Envoy for Yemen, welcomed the prisoner exchange agreement.

　　According to this prisoner exchange agreement, the Yemeni government and multinational Coalition forces will release 706 Houthi militants, and Houthi armed forces will release 181 Yemeni government and multinational Coalition forces, including Saudi and Sudanese nationals.

　　On the same day, Hans Grundberg, special envoy of the United Nations for Yemen, welcomed the prisoner exchange agreement reached by the two parties to the Yemeni conflict. He said that the parties also agreed to meet again in mid-May to discuss more issues of releasing prisoners of war.

　　In September 2014, Houthi armed forces seized Sana ‘a, the capital of Yemen, and then occupied the southern part of Yemen. In March 2015, Saudi Arabia took the lead in setting up a multinational Coalition to launch military operations against Houthi armed forces.

　　In December 2018, under the mediation of the United Nations, the Yemeni government and the Houthi armed forces reached an agreement, agreeing to cease fire in the Red Sea port of Hodeida and exchange a total of about 15,000 prisoners. But not long after, the two sides accused each other of breaking the ceasefire agreement, and the exchange of prisoners did not advance as scheduled. In October 2020, the two sides successfully exchanged more than 1,000 prisoners of war. In the past year, the two sides also held a multi-rotation prisoner dialogue in Jordan, but no tangible results were achieved.

　　Hellier, a Middle East analyst, said: At least we will take action to stop hostilities in Yemen permanently and reach a peace agreement in Yemen, so as to maintain peace on a more permanent basis.

　　Turkey-Egypt relations are warming up.

　　Turkey and Egypt will resume diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level as soon as possible.

　　In this wave of "reconciliation" in the Middle East, there are also Turkey and Egypt.

　　On March 18th, Turkish Foreign Minister cavusoglu visited Cairo, the capital of Egypt, and held talks with Egyptian Foreign Minister Shu Kaili.

　　This is the first time that Turkey has sent a ministerial official to visit Egypt in more than ten years.

　　The two sides agreed to resume diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level as soon as possible, and urged the two heads of state to hold talks in the second half of this year.

　　The last time a Turkish ministerial official visited Egypt was in 2012, when the then Turkish Foreign Minister davutoglu went to Cairo to attend a meeting organized by the Arab League on the Syrian crisis.

　　After former Egyptian President Morsi stepped down in 2013, the relationship between Egypt and Turkey gradually deteriorated, and the two countries downgraded the level of diplomatic relations. Since then, the diplomatic relations between Egypt and Turkey have existed in name only for nearly 10 years.

　　Egypt and Turkey are both big countries in the Middle East and the Islamic world. The confrontation in the past 10 years has consumed the national strength of the two countries, but failed to fundamentally break the situation on related issues.

　　In 2021, the two countries started consultations with high-level diplomatic officials. Recently, under the influence of the resumption of diplomatic relations between Shay, relations between Egypt and Turkey also showed a marked warming.

　　According to the analysis of Qatar Al Jazeera, the relationship between Middle East countries has entered a new period of adjustment and relaxation, which can be attributed not only to the increased willingness of countries to seek peace and development, but also to the demonstration effect produced by China’s handshake with Saudi Arabia and Iran.

　　This edition of the manuscript combines Xinhua News Agency, CCTV news and reference news.