BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Smithsonian Institution National Zoo in the United States on the 7th, according to the newly renewed agreement between the zoo and china wildlife conservation association, the American giant pandas Meixiang and Tiantian and their cubs Little Miracle will live in the United States until the end of 2023.

　　Image source: Screenshot of the Smithsonian Institution National Zoo website.

　　According to the website, Steven Monfort, John and adrianna Mars, directors of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoo and Biological Protection Institute, said in a statement, "We have long-term cooperation with our colleagues in China to study, care for and save giant pandas, and now we will cross the half-century mark."

　　Monfort also said, "I look forward to the next three years with millions of Americans, watching ‘ Small miracle ’ Growth has made greater progress in protecting giant pandas and our understanding of giant pandas. "

　　The picture shows Mei Xiang at the Giant Panda Pavilion. China News Service reporter Chen Mengtong photo

　　At the end of 2000, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian, a male giant panda, arrived at the National Zoo in Washington to start their career in the United States. "Meixiang" gave birth to six cubs from 2005 to 2015, of which three survived and grew up healthily, and all returned to China at the age of four.

　　The picture shows Mei Xiang at the Giant Panda Pavilion. China News Service reporter Chen Mengtong photo

　　On August 21, 2020, Mei Xiang, who just turned 22, gave birth to a "little miracle" in Washington. This is the first time that an American zoo has successfully conceived and delivered a panda through artificial insemination with frozen semen. "Meixiang" has also become the oldest panda born in the United States.

What is the effect of medical reform for one year? On April 20, Beijing released the "medical reform report card": 210 million outpatient and emergency visits were completed, and 3.9 million discharged patients were treated in an orderly manner; There was a net increase of more than 12 million person-times in primary medical treatment; The average length of stay in tertiary hospitals decreased by 0.7 days … … "The overall situation is stable and orderly, with positive changes, in line with expectations and good response." Lei Haichao, Party Secretary and Director of the Municipal Health Planning Commission, gave comments.

Outpatient and emergency volume

Third-level hospitals reduced the number of primary hospitals increased.

Hierarchical pricing of medical service fees, differentiated medical insurance reimbursement policies and the construction of medical associations have greatly promoted graded diagnosis and treatment.

Over the past year since the reform, the number of outpatient and emergency consultations in tertiary hospitals has decreased by 11.9% compared with the previous year, while the number of outpatient and emergency consultations in secondary hospitals has remained basically the same. The cumulative number of outpatient and emergency consultations in primary hospitals and primary health care institutions has reached nearly 80 million, a net increase of more than 12 million over the previous year, with an increase of 16.1%. The number of consultations in some community health service institutions has increased by about 25% to 30%. Some common diseases have been gradually diverted to grass-roots institutions, which has reversed the situation that the amount of diagnosis and treatment at grass-roots level has declined or wandered for more than a decade, and the overcrowding of large hospitals has been alleviated.

The number of emergency visits by the deputy director and chief physician of the hospital decreased by 9.7% and 25.5% respectively, making it more rational for patients to choose experts to see doctors, alleviating the difficulty of seeing experts, and the limited resources of experts and famous doctors can better serve critically ill patients and prolong the communication time between doctors and patients.

While outpatients and emergency patients are diverted to grass-roots institutions, inpatient medical services are concentrated in tertiary hospitals. Over the past year since the reform, the number of discharges from tertiary hospitals has reached 3.2 million, an increase of 2.7%; The average length of stay was 8.6 days, a decrease of 0.7 days compared with the previous year, and the advantages of hospitalization service in tertiary hospitals were more obvious.

Medical expenses

Save more than 6 billion yuan a year.

The new compensation mechanism of medical institutions has begun to play an effective role. The old compensation mechanism that public medical institutions rely on drug income no longer exists.

The newly established medical service fee can replace the original registration fee, medical treatment fee and drug bonus income in the fourth week after the reform is initiated. When the total income of medical institutions is basically stable, the structure is optimized and the gold content is improved. Compared with before the reform, the disposable income of medical institutions is generally in a good trend, and the new compensation mechanism effectively supports the smooth operation of medical institutions.

Over the past year, the increase of medical expenses has declined. The city’s medical expenses only increased by about 5%, which is the lowest year since 2000. Medical institutions have saved more than 6 billion yuan in medical expenses. The total amount of drugs purchased in sunshine was 62.4 billion yuan, saving 5.51 billion yuan in drug expenses. Only one measure of drugs purchased in sunshine reduced the overall drug price by 8.8%. The proportion of drugs in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the city decreased by 9 percentage points.

Medical insurance assistance

Reduce personal burden by nearly 60 million yuan

The city will include all 435 medical services that meet the requirements in the scope of medical insurance reimbursement; Open up the difference in the scope of reimbursement of medical insurance drugs between community hospitals and large hospitals. Targeted implementation of the reform method of paying the hospitalization medical expenses of mental patients according to the fixed bed day, reducing the burden of special people, and the personal burden of urban and rural medical insurance patients is generally stable. Taking the basic medical insurance for urban workers as an example, as of April 7 this year, the medical insurance fund has increased its special expenditure by 2.28 billion yuan and reduced its personal burden by nearly 60 million yuan.

People in need have also received effective assistance. The proportion of outpatient assistance and hospitalization assistance for social assistance objects was adjusted from 70% to 80%, the annual ceiling line of outpatient assistance was adjusted from 4,000 yuan to 6,000 yuan, and the annual ceiling line of hospitalization assistance was adjusted from 40,000 yuan to 60,000 yuan; The proportion of major disease relief was adjusted from 75% to 85%, and the annual relief ceiling line was adjusted from 80,000 yuan to 120,000 yuan. The per capita burden of social assistance objects such as outpatient service, hospitalization and major disease assistance policies has been reduced by about 30%.

Medical institutions in this city have achieved results in improving medical services. Promote the appointment service to shorten the appointment time to less than one hour; Strengthen in-hospital hierarchical referral, and the number of well-known expert teams has reached 113.

The 261 community health service centers in the city implemented the service mode of "diagnosis first, settlement later", and reduced the medical service fee for the elderly over 60 by 26.65 million person-times. Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes can use 105 kinds of commonly used drugs in the community, and prescribe more than 40,000 "two-month long prescriptions" to save the cost of medical treatment for patients.

Hot spot response　　

How do community hospitals attract patients?

Lei Haichao: To make the graded diagnosis and treatment system develop deeply and persistently, we must further improve the ability of grassroots services.

At present, the number of patients in community medical institutions is increasing. In the future, we will consider setting up certain rehabilitation and long-term nursing beds in community health service centers according to the needs of residents.

We also need to train more pediatric graduates. By 2020, each community health service center must have at least one doctor who can carry out diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently-occurring diseases in pediatrics.

How to break the shortage of drugs in the community?

Lei Haichao: At present, some patients report that some drugs cannot be prescribed in community health service institutions, mainly because the space of community health service institutions is limited. At the same time, it is necessary to further explore the characteristics of drug use for patients who are diverted from tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals to the grassroots level and optimize drug allocation. At the same time, explore and promote the innovation of pharmacy management mode in community medical institutions.

Will the diseases with long prescriptions be expanded?

Lei Haichao: This year, the city will study increasing the number of long prescription diseases in community health service institutions and adjusting the long prescription drug list in a timely manner, so as to truly solve the demand for drugs and medical treatment at the grassroots level.

Check how to run less.

Lei Haichao: In the future, information technology will be used to improve the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of community primary medical and health service institutions. For example, we are considering establishing consultation or diagnosis centers for inspection, pathology, imaging and electrocardiogram. Through the Internet+medical technology, patients can complete the corresponding examination at the grassroots level, and then transmit the relevant information to the secondary and tertiary hospitals to complete the diagnosis, so as to ensure and improve the quality of patients’ treatment at the grassroots level in the community.

Progress in medical reform　　

20% experts give priority to staying in the community.

Li Sufang, deputy director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, revealed that the next step will be to improve the quality of primary health care services, ensure that patients can see diseases in the community, get medicines, and be good gatekeepers of people’s health.

The city will continue to increase the training of primary medical service personnel, especially the training of general practitioners, introduce a number of talents in short supply, and enrich the front-line strength of primary medical service. Give full play to the role of medical associations hand in hand, and give priority to leaving 20% of the expert sources in large hospitals to community medical institutions as an important channel for making appointments for referral. In the future, the source of the secondary and tertiary hospitals in the medical association of this city will be open and inclined to the primary medical and health institutions, and the on-demand directional referral appointment will be realized in 2020. At the same time, encourage and guide doctors from large hospitals to visit the community, and improve the ability to guarantee primary drugs.

The city will continue to promote the adjustment of medical service prices. It will also improve the procurement mechanism of drugs and medical consumables, and further reduce the space of inflated prices of pharmaceutical consumables; Improve the supervision mechanism, promote the construction of the whole supervision mechanism of medical behavior, and promote the information disclosure of the price, average cost and drug use of pharmaceutical consumables in hospitals.

New things in medical reform　　

Century altar hospital opens special clinic in community.

After the medical reform, the Millennium Hospital opened a special clinic in the community to attract a large number of patients. For example, the clinic for lumbago and leg pain at Fuxingmen Community Station, the clinic for constipation at Ronghui Clinic and Lianhuachi Community Station; Cough clinics of ganjiakou Community Health Service Center and Wanshou Road Community Health Service Center, the governing units of the Medical Association.

"The demand for these clinics is very high, and our hospital regularly sends experts to the grassroots every week." Xu Jianli, president of the Millennium Monument Hospital, revealed that the hospital also organized experts to go to the community to make house calls, make rounds, teach and give health talks in a number of primary medical institutions. According to statistics, last year, experts made a total of 1517 visits to the grassroots, 156 rounds and 286 consultations. "Residents have enjoyed the diagnosis and treatment services of tertiary hospital experts in the community, achieving a high level of medical continuity." Xu Jianli said.

Xuanwu hospital reduced unreasonable drug costs by 3.157 million yuan.

During the implementation of medical reform, in order to ensure the safety and benefits of patients’ medication, xuanwu hospital adopted a prescription review pre-system to expand the scope of prescription review. Over the past year, through prescription review and rational drug use monitoring, as well as the implementation of prescription/doctor’s advice pre-audit system, the unreasonable drug costs for patients have been reduced by 3.157 million yuan, the average outpatient drug costs have decreased by more than 20 yuan year-on-year, and the average drug costs for discharged patients have decreased by 25.19% year-on-year.

The proportion of drugs in the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University decreased by 14.7% compared with the previous year.

Since the medical reform, the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University has launched a series of measures to control the increase of medical expenses, drug expenses and sanitary materials expenses and reduce the burden of medical expenses for patients. For example, in drug management, the hospital set up a list of key monitoring drugs based on evidence-based, combined with the special management of antibacterial drugs, tumor treatment drugs and auxiliary drugs, and further reduced the proportion of drugs by guiding rational drug use. In 2017, the proportion of drugs in this hospital was 32.39%, which was 14.7% lower than the previous year.

Chaoyang hospital

Shooting in the community

The diagnosis is in the top three

During the medical reform, Chaoyang Hospital established the first remote imaging diagnosis center in this city. The patient "shoots" in the community hospital nearby, and the experts in the radiology department of Chaoyang Hospital will read the film remotely through the Internet and complete the diagnosis report in time. At present, the hospital’s remote imaging diagnosis center can issue radiation diagnosis reports for 7 community health service centers in Chaoyang District.

　　Due to the lack of special drugs for children, many children are treated as "miniature adults" when taking drugs. Adult drugs are given to children according to the principle of "children should be reduced at their discretion", and the dosage depends on breaking and guessing. To solve the problem of children’s safe drug use, it is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society to give full play to their respective functional advantages and let children use children’s drugs — —

　　The recently released White Paper on Children’s Drug Safety Investigation Report in 2016 shows that about 30,000 children in China are deaf every year due to improper drug use. This figure shows that improper drug use by children not only hurts children, but also brings many misfortunes to families and a heavy burden to society.

　　A few days ago, at the 2017 Children’s Medication Safety Summit Forum jointly sponsored by Children’s Medication Safety Branch of China Medical News Information Association and Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, experts pointed out that due to the lack of special drugs for children, many children were treated as "scaled-down adults" when taking drugs. According to the principle of "children’s discretion", the use of adult drugs for children was reduced, and the dosage was determined by guessing. "There is a huge safety hazard in doing this, and children should use children’s medicine."

　　Children’s exclusive drugs are less than 2%

　　Recently, the reporter visited a number of pharmacies in Beijing and found that many of the common pharmaceutical preparations in the market do not have children’s dosage forms, and children’s special drugs are very scarce. Ms. Liu Hua told reporters that her daughter is three years old this year. Every time she goes to the hospital to see a doctor, she has to do "calculation problems" when she goes home. "The doctor said that children should take less medicine, and they usually take an adult medicine several times. Parents of larger tablets are handcuffed. If the tablets are small, they need to crush them with tools, and then estimate the dose and divide it into several parts for children to take with warm water. " Liu Hua said that compared with adults, children use drugs very little.

　　Zhao Zhigang, director of pharmacy department of Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and chief pharmacist of Beijing Hospital Authority, said that there are about 180,000 drugs with approval numbers in China, and more than 3,000 drugs are used by children, accounting for less than 2%, involving only more than 400 varieties. This is far from enough compared with the number of 220 million children in China and the prevalence rate of 12%. The dosage forms and specifications suitable for children are also very scarce, especially for young children and newborns. According to the survey of Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, among 231 kinds of commonly used prescription drugs for children, the top three dosage forms are injections, tablets and oral liquid, among which the dosage forms suitable for children, such as powder inhalers, suppositories and syrups, are very few.

　　Because of children’s vigorous metabolism and poor adjustment ability, their sensitivity to drugs is higher than that of adults, but a large number of drugs are lacking in children’s usage and dosage, and there are few special drugs for children. The incidence of adverse drug reactions among children in China is high. Zhao Zhigang said that the adverse drug reaction rate of children in China was 12.9%, and that of newborns was as high as 24.4%, which was 2 times and 4 times higher than that of adults. The adverse drug reaction report recently released by the State Food and Drug Administration shows that in 2016, the number of children under 14 years old (inclusive) accounted for 10.6% of the total report, of which serious adverse drug reactions accounted for 5.5% of the total report of children.

　　Drug research and development into a short board of enterprises

　　Why are there so few special drugs for children? Bian zhenjia, a special researcher in the State Council Counselor’s Office, said: First, the policies are not matched, and the relevant systems of supervision and use are not connected. The marketing approval of children’s drugs is in the food and drug administration department, the policy management is in the health department, the clinical use is in medical institutions, and the reserve management is in the industry and information department. Many parties are responsible for one section, and the relevant systems and standards are not matched, unified and out of line. Second, the clinical trial process is risky, which affects the clinical development of new drugs. This is also a problem that puzzles the children’s medicine production industry in the world. In developed countries, the premise of clinical trials is to sign an informed consent form with volunteers, insure them with accident insurance and necessary economic compensation, and this is the biggest expenditure on research and development. Third, the marketization of children’s medication is not high, the profits of pharmaceutical companies are low, and the enthusiasm for production is not high. At present, the number of children in China and the annual consumption of sick drugs are basically stable, and there is little room for the expansion of the children’s drug market; Children are not miniature versions of adults, their organs are immature, their onset characteristics, process, absorption mechanism and compliance are different, and they also need special formulas, preparations and tastes, which makes the R&D and production process of drugs more complicated and the cost higher, which leads enterprises to be unwilling to engage in the R&D, production and marketing of children-specific drugs.

　　According to the data from China Pharmaceutical Industry Information Center, there are 8,812 pharmaceutical manufacturers in China, of which only 0.1% are specialized in the production of drugs for children. In the drug clinical trial registration project, the registered information of domestic drugs reached 165,151, of which only 2,698 were children’s drugs, accounting for only 1.63%. Children’s drugs registered in clinical trials only account for 2.35%, which is too little compared with the proportion of more than 20% in developed countries such as the United States.

　　"Because the pricing principle of children’s medicine is based on the content of active ingredients, the content of active ingredients of children’s medicine is much lower than that of adult medicine, and the corresponding selling price is lower than that of adult medicine, which makes children’s medicine have no obvious advantage in pricing, and enterprises cannot get compensation." Chen Baohua, general manager of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. said that in order to solve the problem of shortage of drugs for children, experts from professional associations can summarize the epidemiological situation and the current situation of children’s drug use in China, determine which pediatric diseases need to be overcome urgently, and formulate a list of children’s drugs to encourage research and development according to domestic and foreign pediatric drug use guidelines and clinical experience, implement priority review and approval, and guide enterprises to research and development.

　　In addition, relevant experts found in the research that domestic children’s drug instructions generally lack pharmacokinetic data, and even if there are, most of them are foreign children’s data. In some domestic drug instructions, the data of children’s clinical trials basically copy the instructions of imported original drugs. According to experts, there are differences between children and adults, and between children from different countries. China children’s clinical trial data is needed to make the efficacy more accurate, but China’s clinical data is far from enough.

　　Encourage the development of children’s medicines.

　　"In order to protect children’s health rights and encourage children’s drug development. In recent years, various departments have formulated various policies on the protection of children’s medication. " Feng Zhang, deputy director of the Department of Pharmacy Administration of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said that since last year, the Health Planning Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Food and Drug Administration have published two batches of 71 varieties of children’s drugs to encourage research and development, and made it clear that the drugs in the "list" have been used for many years in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, which are clinically effective and safe to use, but are not listed in the mainland. Explore the pilot import and use of drugs, and allow direct reference to the clinical drug use data of children in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as the basis for declaration when registering and reviewing imported children’s drugs. In addition, through the national "major new drug creation" major science and technology projects, major innovation and development projects for protein biopharmaceuticals and vaccines, we will integrate superior units to collaborate in innovative research and development, and guide and encourage enterprises to give priority to R&D and production; In terms of ensuring production and supply, we will give policy support to the corresponding children’s drug production enterprises and promote product upgrading and technical transformation of production lines.

　　Wang Tianyou, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that clinical trials of children’s medication are facing difficulties such as difficult evaluation, high evaluation risk, difficulty in recruiting subjects and lack of professionals. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing Children’s Hospital will unite a number of units to further strengthen the construction of clinical evaluation support system for children’s demonstration new drugs, and improve the ability of clinical evaluation of children’s drugs through the construction of key technology platforms for children’s drug clinical trials and the construction of key technology platforms for children’s drug big data clinical evaluation. Three clinical specialties were selected as representatives of common diseases, major diseases and rare diseases in children, and a demonstration platform for clinical evaluation of new drugs for children was established.

　　At the same time, Ceng Yixin, deputy director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said that the National Health and Family Planning Commission and other six departments have issued several opinions on the protection of children’s medication and formulated two batches of lists to encourage research and development. Especially in the national major special projects of new drug development, the research and development of children’s drugs and speeding up the examination and approval have been taken as key tasks. "Drugs suitable for children should have appropriate doses according to the weight of different children; The dosage form should be in the form of oral liquid; And it should be suitable for children’s tastes and make them willing to drink. This is ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ Key tasks, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Food and Drug Administration, the Health Planning Commission and other joint efforts to speed up the research and development and approval procedures for drugs specially suitable for children in China. It is estimated that the shortage of medicines for children will be effectively solved in a few years. "

　　"The healthy growth of children is related to the harmony and happiness of each family and the healthy progress and sustainable development of the nation." Feng Zhang said that to break the problem of children’s safe drug use, it is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society to give full play to their respective functional advantages, including government agencies, social organizations, enterprises, hospitals, media, etc., and at the same time, it is also necessary to spread and educate children’s scientific drug use knowledge.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, August 16th Question: The mainland’s 13-price pneumonia vaccine is hard to find. Experts suggest rational vaccination without panic

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Qiu Yi and Gong Wen

　　Ms. Chen of Shanghai recently "grabbed" the last 13-price pneumonia vaccine in a community health service center far from home. In contrast, Mr. Zhang has been worried about finding such a vaccine for a long time.

　　According to industry insiders, although the number of 13-valent pneumonia vaccine entering Shanghai is limited, if the baby is not vaccinated, parents need not panic. On the one hand, they should take daily protection. On the other hand, people who are weak after 2 years old can choose to vaccinate 23-valent pneumonia vaccine.

　　13-price pneumonia vaccine is in short supply.

　　Mr. Zhang told reporters that in the past, the baby had to go to Hong Kong for 13 yuan. With the introduction of the mainland and landing in Shanghai in July, it was a very happy thing for parents, but I didn’t expect that it had become hard to find a needle when taking the baby to the community health center recently. "We even made an appointment at the foreign-funded Baihui Medical Center, which costs 2,300 yuan, which is much more expensive than the community health service center’s 700 yuan, but there is no vaccine there now."

　　The reporter asked a community health service center in Putuo District about the supply of 13-valent pneumonia vaccine, and the result was that "the second-class vaccines are generally out of stock this year, and the specific reasons are not very clear, because the second-class vaccines are now uniformly determined by the district CDC." The so-called second-class vaccine refers to other vaccines that are inoculated by citizens at their own expense and voluntarily compared with the first-class vaccine provided by the government to citizens free of charge.

　　Zhang Yuyan, director of Shanghai Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that at present, the vaccine is booked by the community health service center to the district CDC according to its own needs, and then purchased from the enterprise by the district CDC and then sent to each inoculation point. Because the vaccine needs to be approved by the relevant state departments, it is unclear about the specific cycle length. Some of them are very fast, some have to wait for several months, and the other five-vaccine for children has been out of stock for several months.

　　According to china food and drug administration, batch issuance of vaccines is one of the six functions of national vaccine supervision required by WHO. In the national vaccine management system, batch issuance is the last pass before vaccines are put on the market to ensure the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. On January 1, 2006, the regulatory authorities issued batches of all listed vaccines, that is, the system of mandatory inspection and audit for each batch of products when they are listed or imported. If the inspection fails or the audit is not approved, it shall not be listed or imported.

　　Why is the small vaccine so popular?

　　13-valent pneumonia vaccine, the full name of "13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine", is used to help infants aged 6 weeks to 15 months to prevent related invasive diseases caused by 13 pneumococcal serotypes, including bacteremia pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia and bacteremia.

　　The healthy growth of children is related to every family and even the whole society. Among vaccine-preventable diseases, pneumococcal disease is one of the important causes of death in children under 5 years old. At present, antibiotics are still the main method to treat invasive pneumococcal diseases, but antibiotics that used to be effective against pneumococcal diseases are now facing more and more serious drug resistance.

　　In April this year, Pfizer, a global pharmaceutical giant, held a 13-price pneumonia vaccine listing in Beijing, and many cities were able to vaccinate one after another. For many families, it was a long drought. It is worth mentioning that this vaccine is the only pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine that can be used for infants aged 6 weeks to 15 months in China. In addition, this vaccine has been included in the national immunization plan by more than 100 countries and regions around the world.

　　"Due to the strong demand for 13-valent pneumonia vaccine vaccination at present, the Shanghai area is temporarily in short supply. We are actively coordinating and striving to meet everyone’s needs as soon as possible. " Pfizer responded.

　　Experts suggest that there is no need to panic if you can’t get the vaccine.

　　According to the vaccination schedule of 13-valent pneumonia vaccine, the first step is basic immunization. One to three doses are inoculated within 6 weeks to 6 months, and the interval between each dose is 4 to 8 weeks. The second step is to strengthen immunization and inoculate 1 dose within 12 to 15 months of age.

　　In view of many parents’ anxiety that the baby missed the vaccination time due to the shortage of vaccines, Zhang Yuyan suggested not to worry too much. If it is really necessary, the baby can choose to be vaccinated with 23-valent pneumonia vaccine after the baby is 2 years old. In addition, vaccination with 13-valent pneumonia vaccine can prevent the related invasive diseases caused by 13 serotypes it covers, but if it is pneumonia or diseases caused by other reasons, vaccination with this vaccine will not play a role.

　　Compared with the trivalent pneumonia vaccine, the trivalent pneumonia vaccine covers 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Children under 2 years old are not perfect in their own immune system, so it is not easy to produce antibodies to polysaccharide antigens. Therefore, the vaccine is only suitable for people over 2 years old who are susceptible to diseases (such as children, patients with basic diseases and the elderly).

　　Hu Jiayu, director of the Monitoring and Evaluation Department of Vaccine Preventable Diseases of the Institute of Immunization of the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that vaccination can greatly reduce the risk of contracting pneumonia and other diseases, but it does not mean that you can sit back and relax once and for all. As parents, when choosing vaccination for their babies, they should make a rational decision according to the children’s own physique, the risk of infection and the family’s economic affordability.

　　"Explosive" pneumonia vaccine can’t hit? Knowing common sense is more calm.

　　Thirteen-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine is a self-funded vaccination project, but it is still in short supply, and even in Shanghai and other places, it is "finished" soon after listing. What is the function of the 13-valent pneumonia vaccine? Is there any "remedy" plan if the child misses the appropriate age of the vaccine? Let’s see what the experts say. >>

　　The 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide combined vaccine ushered in the first shot in many places.

　　Thirteen-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine which can be used for infants has been inoculated in Kunming, Xi ‘an, Shenyang and Fuzhou since March 23rd. Ceng Guang, honorary chairman of the Public Health Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, said that under the guidance of the working ideology of continuously optimizing the prevention and control strategies of major diseases and improving the level of major and basic public health services, the listing of trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide combined vaccine is of great significance to protect infants from the serotype invasive pneumococcal diseases. >>

　　Shenzhen, China Broadcasting Network, July 28 (Reporter Liu Yuchen) According to the report of China Voice "News Horizon" of the Central Radio and Television General Station, recently, with the announcement of the marking results of the senior high school entrance examination scores in Shenzhen, many citizens expressed anxiety about the phenomenon that the admission rate of public ordinary high schools in Shenzhen has fallen again. According to local media reports, 85,000 people in Shenzhen participated in the senior high school entrance examination this year; But at the same time, the city’s public ordinary high schools only provide more than 35,000 degrees. That is to say, at least on paper, only two out of every five junior high school students who come to Shenzhen for exams can go to public ordinary high schools. For a time, the question of "it is difficult to get into college in Shenzhen" has resurfaced.

　　As the frontier of reform and opening-up, Shenzhen’s great economic development has attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, however, the relatively weak basic resources such as education have also attracted repeated attention. Is Shenzhen’s educational resources in debt as much as public opinion fears? Where is the crux of the problem?

　　There are 85,000 candidates, less than 40,000 public advanced degrees. The huge digital gap stings the hearts of Shenzhen senior high school entrance examination candidates and parents, and also worries Chen Jinhua, a representative of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress. As early as this year, during the two sessions in Shenzhen, at least 23 representatives of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress, including Cui Xuehong and Chen Jinhua, jointly submitted "Suggestions on Accelerating the Construction of High School Degree" and "Suggestions on Accelerating the Land Use Planning of High School and Increasing High School Degree", collectively calling on the government to increase the supply of high school degree. According to public information, there are currently 120 legal high school sites in Shenzhen, but Chen Jinhua said that according to the reply of Shenzhen Education Bureau, many sites planned during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period have not yet been implemented.

　　Chen Jinhua: We know that there are 120 high school land in Shenzhen, but there is no way to implement 16 land. It can only be built in half, and half of it has not been completed yet. The Education Bureau said that there is nothing to do and it cannot be done. What we learned is that nothing has been completed during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.

　　Reporter: That is to say, the planned land has not been implemented during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period? Now we are all in the 13th Five-Year Plan.

　　Chen Jinhua: Yes, the decline is over. In fact, the crux of these problems does not lie in the Education Bureau. First, the land planned at that time was also misappropriated. In addition, there are already buildings on the ground, and it is very difficult to remove them.

　　High land price, complicated ownership, time-consuming demolition and difficult land preparation … … This is a difficult problem that will be encountered in the process of urban renewal. Regarding the objective difficulties, Chen Jinhua said that it is understandable, but it is not completely acceptable. Because in her view, leaving the limited land space and work force to what career is not only a test of ability, but also a test of determination. "Our minimum construction standard is 50 mu of land. Now, 5,000 mu of 500 mu of university land can be solved in Shenzhen. We asked the district governments to reserve industrial land, saying that they would dismantle it and reserve it, but 50 mu of high school land told me that there was no way to land. I think this is a problem of determination!"

　　In addition to thinking that the implementation of the planned land is not satisfactory, Chen Jinhua also said that in recent years, Shenzhen has increased the introduction of talents, lowered the threshold for settlement, and brought talent competitiveness to urban development. At the same time, it did not adjust the supporting planning in a timely and forward-looking manner, which also made the educational resources that were not well-off even more stretched.

　　The data shows that the number of applicants for the senior high school entrance examination in Shenzhen increased by more than 10,000 in 2019 compared with the number of applicants in 2018, but the supply of public high school degrees was basically the same as last year. Therefore, there are not a few parents who share the same views with Chen Jinhua. In the education section of many local forums in Shenzhen, there are many messages behind the post "It is difficult for Shenzhen to get into high school and get into college".

　　According to the reporter’s statistics, there are currently 52 public ordinary high schools and 30 private ordinary high schools in Shenzhen. However, not all parents have the ability to "pay" for the supplement of private high school resources. The reporter inquired about the enrollment information of most private ordinary high schools, among which the lowest tuition fee is 10,800 yuan per semester and the highest is 100,000 yuan per semester, while attending ordinary public high schools only costs more than 1,000 yuan in tuition and fees. Not only that, but it is not uncommon for private high schools to increase tuition fees during their studies because of the market-regulated prices. During the winter vacation, Ms. Chen, who lives in Guangming District, received a price increase notice from the private Pugao where her son was studying, which rose directly from 12,000 yuan to more than 16,000 yuan.

　　For vocational education, students and parents are more reluctant to "buy it". According to the plan, the ratio of high school education to ordinary high school and vocational education should be 1:1. In a written response from Shenzhen Education Bureau, the reporter saw that the number of candidates eligible to participate in the marking admission in Shenzhen this year was 78,300, while the number of students enrolled in all admission methods, including public ordinary high schools, private ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, was 78,400, with a ratio of general education to vocational education of about 6:4, which met the planning requirements, and theoretically, every child could have a desk. However, Chen Jinhua also said: "When this issue was raised, many government departments told me to learn from Germany and increase vocational education. But now the question is whether you can’t find a job with a vocational high school or you have to take the college entrance examination. "

　　Regarding the feedback from parents and NPC deputies, Shenzhen Education Bureau admitted recently that the number of ordinary public high school degrees is really insufficient. It is planned that by 2022, 18 public high schools will be newly rebuilt and expanded, and 34,100 public high school degrees will be added, which will ensure that the total supply of high school degrees in Shenzhen is basically balanced with the demand of qualified candidates. In addition, Shenzhen has started the compilation of the Special Plan for the Layout of Senior High Schools in Shenzhen, and completed the preliminary investigation work. It is expected to be completed before the end of this year. The Special Plan will further expand resources on the existing basis, try its best to increase the number and scale of senior high schools at the planning level, and rationally distribute them in space.

Special feature of 1905 film network Recently, the film Transparent Heroes, which was originally scheduled to be released nationwide on June 30th, was announced to be withdrawn. During the previous publicity period, the film released a number of publicity videos of director Zhang Disha "bowing to the fans" and "doing his best to publicize" in the cinema, bringing the marketing method of "selling badly" which is common in the film market back to the public’s field of vision again.

"Today’s Film Review" invited Weng Yang, an associate professor at the School of Management of Beijing Film Academy, to talk together. Is "selling badly" really a good way of film marketing?

Selling miserable marketing for "changing fate"Misselling, as a marketing method, appeared in the film market and originated from movies.A hundred birds fly at the phoenix.

A Hundred Birds Facing the Phoenix is a literary genre film released in 2013. The film sincerely shows the persistence and true feelings of suona artists in the impetuous generation. It can be said to be an excellent Chinese film in terms of production and plot itself.

However, due to its strong market share in Captain America: Civil War, a movie released in the same period, the box office and film arrangement rate of "Hundred Birds at the Phoenix" are "extremely bleak". Under such pressure, Fang Li, one of the producers of "Hundred Birds in the Phoenix", "stunned" in his live broadcast room, pleading with the audience to go to the cinema to support "Hundred Birds in the Phoenix" and to promote "Hundred Birds in the Phoenix" on social media platforms.

After the live broadcast, the screening rate of "A Hundred Birds Facing the Phoenix" rose from the initial 1% to 4.5%, and finally gained 86.75 million box office. This kneeling, not only saved "A Hundred Birds in the Phoenix" in from the mire, but also opened the "road of selling miserably" in film marketing.

In 2017, the film "Flash Girl" was released. Faced with the same low film scheduling rate, the film released seven propagandists kneeling on the ground and holding the material map of the apology letter, which was intended to explain that "it is not the fault of the film that no one watched it, but that our publicity was not done well." Similar miserable marketing also appeared in the promotional video of "Out of the Earth" released last year. In the video, the director of the film walked into various movie theaters and told the few audiences in the audience his difficult feelings.

From these endless marketing, we can actually see the cooperation of the whole team for this marketing method very directly.What is the internal purpose of this tried-and-true marketing?What is the purpose of the tried and tested marketing?Selling badly first is for the sake of "arranging films."

The film side releases these materials that can reflect the difficulty of production and the care of the heart. The purpose of the first layer is to let cinemas, projection companies and cinema companies see them, and to stimulate their sympathy and allocate more ostentation and extravagance to the films in the market.

The second reason for selling badly is to "seek attention."In addition to letting the film company see it, the film also wants the audience to pay attention to the hardships of film production, so that the sympathy of fans and friends is rampant, and they are willing to go into the cinema to pay for their sympathy. Whether it is "Flash Girl" or released in recent years.Five teenagers who saved the water、Warriors of FutureIn fact, in selling miserable marketing, they all have the same purpose.

What are you selling miserably in the endless stream of marketing?Since the appearance of miserable marketing, its own marketing routine can be said to have been upgraded round after round, but for the past miserable marketing methods in the film market, they can be roughly divided into two types.

The first kind of selling is miserable, and it is not easy to sell the main creative team.

Take last year’s summer movie "War of Tomorrow" as an example. Louis Koo played the leading role and was the chief producer, and Louis Koo was also the main material during the publicity period. However, after the creative team found that the audience paid more attention to the topic of "selling miserably", the whole publicity direction changed from the original positive dissemination of China science fiction to Louis Koo as a "lone ranger" in China’s sci-fi pursuit of dreams, which really earned a wave of bitter tears for Chinese sci-fi fans.

The second kind of selling is miserable, selling the feelings of the film itself.

Whether it’s Journey to the West, Demon, New king of comedy, or Jia Zhangke’s return to the cinema, the filmmakers invariably chose a slogan: "We owe someone a movie ticket".

There is no denying that Stephen Chow’s films have influenced a generation or even generations, but most people have finished watching Stephen Chow’s works through CDs or in video halls; And Jia Zhangke’s film works, fans and friends used to watch mostly through streaming media platform.

Therefore, the film side seized the subtle emotion between the audience and the film, and through "selling feelings", let the fans and friends willingly walk into the theater and pay for their youth and feelings.

What makes miserable marketing "enduring" in film promotion?

Weng Yang, an associate professor at the School of Management of Beijing Film Academy, said: "Misselling marketing is essentially an expression of emotional marketing. It looks forward to grasping the sympathy or feelings of audience friends and making them willing to walk into the cinema and support the film."

Although selling miserable marketing and emotional marketing are similar in core, selling miserable marketing is not the only way of emotional marketing.

For the film market, the real core of emotional marketing is not to create emotional points that consumers do not have, but to stimulate and awaken many hidden emotions in the audience’s hearts through the film content itself, and to trigger spontaneous publicity and watching by the audience.

In recent years, film works have not only paid attention to "love the country" and "family friendship", but also paid more attention to the "hidden money" emotion in the audience’s mind. For example, the movie "She Disappeared" released not long ago actually takes emotional marketing to a new level. This movie not only pays attention to the changes of contemporary young people’s views on marriage and love, but also focuses on the energy point of "girls help girls" and explodes it in an appropriate way, which naturally gains box office and audience reputation.

It can be seen that selling badly naturally has its effects, but it should not be the mainstream way of film market promotion strategy.

Only by truly paying attention to the emotions of the audience, and making a delicate connection with the audience through the film works, and narrowing the distance with the audience, can it be a kind of good marketing with "moderation, skill and morality".

We also expect that in the future film market, there will be more marketing methods that are more suitable for the audience, so that the film and the audience can get closer and the film can take root in the hearts of the audience.

　　● Occupational claims have affected businesses, platforms, regulatory authorities, judicial departments and other parties, undermined the market business environment, and encroached on judicial law enforcement resources for consumers’ legitimate rights protection.

　　● The market supervision and management department will not accept complaints that are not caused by purchasing or using commodities or receiving services for daily consumption, or that cannot prove that there is a dispute between consumers and the respondent.

　　● It may be difficult to determine whether a natural person buys, uses goods or receives services for the purpose of living or making profits. It is suggested to amend the Consumer Protection Law or clarify it in relevant judicial interpretations.

　　□ Our reporter Zhang Wei

　　In the name of "counterfeiting", the door to making profits through malicious complaints will be closed from next month.

　　Recently, the State Administration of Market Supervision issued the Interim Measures for Handling Complaints and Reports in Market Supervision and Management (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures), which clearly stipulates that the market supervision and management department will not accept complaints initiated by "not buying or using goods or receiving services for the needs of daily consumption, or not proving that there is a dispute between consumers and the respondent".

　　"This provision not only conforms to the provisions of the Consumer Protection Law on the definition of consumers, but also closes the complaint door of so-called professional claimants for profit, and can also reduce the burden on the regulatory authorities." Qiu Baochang, an expert from the Expert Committee of China Consumers Association, told the reporter of Legal Daily.

　　The Interim Measures shall come into force as of January 1, 2020.

　　Counterfeiting becomes counterfeiting, which damages the business environment.

　　Professional counterfeiting seems to be beneficial to consumers, but it is not.

　　The reporter of "Legal Daily" has previously found in many places that the routine of professional counterfeiting is getting deeper and deeper, and even shows a trend of gang, specialization, scale and stylization, which is embodied in mentoring, training and output, and focusing on packaging and publicity defects.

　　In recent years, professional counterfeiting has developed the trend of professional claims. "Professional anti-counterfeiting should have helped government departments to purify the market environment, and be good ‘ Woodpecker ’ But now a large number of professional claimants are completely for their own profit, regardless of whether the market environment is purified or not, not to solve problems. " A person in charge of the consumer protection department of a certain market supervision bureau who did not want to be named said.

　　According to reports, the resources consumed by professional claims are four to five times that of normal complaints, and public resources are squandered by a few gangs, which makes it impossible to deal with problems that really affect consumers and market order.

　　Occupational claims are even more damaging to the business environment. In recent years, due to the low cost and great benefits, e-commerce platform has become a new "stage" for professional claimants. Even if it is found that it is "wronged" the store, the removal and closure of the store have caused irreversible losses to the merchants.

　　Dealing with professional claimants is a nightmare for online shop owner Xiao Li for a long time. A product sold in its shop was complained to the market supervision department by a buyer who had just registered for a short time and had zero reputation evaluation because of the description flaw in the label. "I hope you understand that it is better to do more than one thing … … The price you open, I cancel ",the purpose of this buyer is obviously not simple. After receiving the money, in order to show "integrity", he sent Xiao Li a screenshot of his cancellation on the complaint platform. Xiao Li found that the buyer also complained about at least 30 companies.

　　It is worth noting that such counterfeiting is often fake, and its means are even more fraudulent. By means of customized fake identification books, quality inspection reports, hospital certificates, etc., the sellers are threatened, and the merchants are ignorant of the law and afraid of trouble, and they often succeed.

　　Many parties called for curbing the frequent occurrence of governance documents.

　　With the social harmfulness of occupational claims becoming increasingly prominent, the voice of curbing occupational claims is getting higher and higher.

　　Just at the 2019 Internet Law Conference held not long ago, the Malicious Claims Industry Observation Report (hereinafter referred to as the Report) was released. According to the Report, professional claims have affected businesses, platforms, regulatory authorities, judicial departments and other parties, undermined the market business environment, and encroached on the judicial law enforcement resources for consumers’ legitimate rights protection.

　　The Report pointed out that, unlike professional counterfeiting, "professional claims" often resort to extortion in the name of counterfeiting. The general path is "one buy, two talk, three report, four review and five lawsuit". In addition, "professional claims" are showing the trend of gang, youth and industrialization.

　　According to public information, in the past four years, nearly 40 NPC deputies have put forward suggestions to standardize occupational claims. For example, Chu Xiaoqin, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, put forward at the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2018 that the motive of "professional claims" is not to purify the market, but to use punitive damages to make profits for themselves or take the opportunity to extort money from merchants. Some behaviors seriously violate the principle of good faith, ignore judicial authority and waste judicial resources. Therefore, she suggested gradually curbing the profit-making counterfeiting of professional claims.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the central government’s governance documents on occupational claims have also been issued frequently. On May 20th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Food Safety, stating that "malicious reporting of illegal profits should be severely cracked down according to law".

　　On August 8th, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Platform Economy, demanding to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of participants in the platform economy and crack down on extortion in the name of "counterfeiting".

　　"Standardizing profitability according to law ‘ Counterfeiting ’ And claims. " On September 6th, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Standardizing Post-event Supervision, which also made this clear.

　　In its reply to Li Changqing, a representative of the National People’s Congress, at the end of August this year, the General Administration of Market Supervision made it clear that occupational claims have deviated from the legislative intent of the civil punitive damages system stipulated by laws such as the Consumer Protection Law, and will cooperate with the Ministry of Justice to issue the Regulations on the Implementation of the Consumer Protection Law as soon as possible, so as to specify in detail that defects such as advertising, labeling and instructions that do not affect the quality of goods or services and will not mislead consumers are not fraudulent acts.

　　In addition, in the reply, the General Administration of Market Supervision also revealed that the regulations being drafted will regulate malicious complaints and reports according to law.

　　It is still difficult to identify that it is recommended to modify the elimination method.

　　Today, the "Interim Measures" have landed.

　　For example, as promised by the General Administration of Market Supervision at the beginning, the Interim Measures responded to the opinions on the regulation of malicious reporting complaints, and clearly stipulated that the market supervision and management department would not accept the complaints initiated by "not buying or using goods or receiving services for the needs of daily consumption, or failing to prove that there is a dispute over the rights and interests of consumers with the respondent".

　　Qiu Baochang believes that this provision is a highlight of the interim measures. It is worth noting that the promulgation process of this regulation should not be easy. It is the latest result after the General Administration of Market Supervision publicly solicited opinions from the public twice within five months.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision publicly solicited opinions from the public twice in May and September this year. Recently, the General Administration of Market Supervision said in its explanation of the adoption of public opinions that the second public consultation received 280 feedback opinions from all walks of life, mainly focusing on the scope of regulation adjustment, the regulation of malicious reporting and complaints, and the procedural provisions of reporting.

　　In terms of real-name reporting and notification procedures, the Interim Measures stipulate that informants should provide specific clues suspected of violating market supervision and management laws, regulations and rules, and be responsible for the authenticity of the reported content. Encourage internal personnel of operators to report suspected illegal acts of operators according to law. If the informant reports with his real name, the market supervision and management department with the handling authority shall also inform the informant within five working days from the date of making a decision on whether to file a case.

　　Qiu Baochang, while affirming the significance of the Interim Measures, reminded that it may be difficult to determine whether the complaints of natural persons with no marks on their faces are for the purpose of living or for profit, and it is suggested to amend the Consumer Protection Law or make it clear in relevant judicial interpretations.

　　"We should not only protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, but also close the channels for professional claimants who do not aim at the needs of life at all. At the same time, we should open the door to reward and report, and encourage the public to get corresponding rewards through reporting." Qiu Baochang said.

CCTV News:In hot summer, people’s enthusiasm for fitness can’t be stopped.Since many people choose to exercise at home, the sales of fitness products such as intelligent treadmills and ellipsometers have increased significantly in online and offline stores.

In this year’s "May 5 th Shopping Festival" in Shanghai, smart sporting goods such as fitness bracelets, smart ellipsometers, rowing machines and smart skipping ropes have been welcomed by more consumers.

This summer, another sport rose in many places, that is, Frisbee. In Guangzhou, a group of young people wearing sports equipment are training their passing skills with frisbees of different patterns and colors. There was also a coach on the scene to introduce the rules of the game and teach the basic techniques.

Similarly, many outdoor sports enthusiasts enjoy the feeling of running and taking off on the hillside and jumping into the blue sky as a "trapeze". With the improvement of the quality of life and the progress of science and technology, paragliding, once a minority sport, gradually began to enter the public life. In recent years, the equipment and technology of paragliding in China are becoming more and more mature, and paragliding is loved by more and more people.

　　Cctv newsAt 18: 00 on April 9, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of sandstorms.

　　Affected by cold air and strong winds, it is estimated that there will be sand blowing or floating dust weather in parts of southern and eastern Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, western and northern Gansu, Ningxia, north-central Shaanxi, Shanxi, north-central Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, southwestern Heilongjiang, central and western Jilin, and central and western Liaoning from 20: 00 on April 9 to 20: 00 on April 10. Among them, there are sandstorms in parts of central and western Inner Mongolia and strong sandstorms in some parts.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. Prepare for wind and sand prevention, and close the doors and windows in time;

　　2. Pay attention to carrying dust-proof articles such as masks and scarves to avoid dust damage to eyes and respiratory tract; Do a good job of sealing precision instruments;

　　3. Fasten the structures that are easy to be blown by the wind, such as hoardings, scaffolding and temporary structures, and properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by sandstorms;

　　4. As the visibility is low, drivers should control the speed to ensure safety.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, May 17 (Zhongqing) Following Beijing, hot cities such as Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen have successively introduced property market regulation measures for commercial projects. Although the intensity of control is different, it is clear that commercial projects should not be linked to residential properties, and some cities have also explored control methods in architecture and design, trying to reduce the possibility of commercial projects turning to residential uses from the product development end.

　　After Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other places followed up to regulate the commercial market.

　　On March 26th, Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a document to regulate the commercial market, saying that "commercial and office projects (hereinafter referred to as commercial projects) should be developed, constructed, sold and used in strict accordance with the planned purposes, and may not be changed to residential purposes without approval", completely changing the rules of the commercial market.

　　The above-mentioned policies in Beijing not only block the channels for individuals to buy projects that have not been built, are under construction or are being sold, but also set strict thresholds for individuals to buy second-hand commercial houses.

　　Four days later, Guangzhou proposed to strengthen the management of commercial real estate projects. "Real estate development enterprise vendors do property, the sales target should be a legal entity; The commercial property purchased by a legal entity shall not be used as a residence, and when it is transferred again, it shall be transferred to the legal entity. "

　　On April 21st, many departments in Chengdu jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Commercial and Office Construction Projects, requiring commercial and office construction projects to be developed, constructed, sold and used in strict accordance with the nature of planned land and planning permission, and it is strictly forbidden to change them into residential purposes without authorization.

　　On the same day, Shanghai required that the land transfer contract should specify that office land should not be used for apartment-style office projects, and commercial land should not be used for apartment-style hotels without agreement.

　　On May 12th, Shenzhen also issued a document to restrict the transformation of commercial offices. In the next five years, the transformation of commercial offices, R&D buildings into apartments, stealing areas and rebuilding will be strictly restricted. "After the introduction of the New Deal, such facilities will serve more office needs, that is, they are unlikely to serve the needs of housing." Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, said that this has a negative effect on the subsequent Shenzhen commercial projects.

　　So far, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu and other cities have implemented control policies for commercial projects. From the perspective of urban types, they are basically concentrated in first-tier cities and some hot-spot second-tier cities.

　　Product design of multi-city document management and control returning to commercial attributes

　　No matter from the length of policy content, release time and follow-up supporting measures, Beijing has the strictest control over commercial projects.

　　"In the more than one month after March 26th, the actual transaction in the commercial market in Beijing fell sharply." Zhang Dawei, chief analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, bluntly said that it is the strictest commercial purchase restriction policy in history, which has dealt a significant blow to the overheated commercial market.

　　According to the policy of multi-site business regulation, it is a basic principle not to change it to residential use without authorization. For real estate development enterprises that change commercial real estate projects into residential purposes in violation of the plan, they all take a firm attitude of "once verified and dealt with seriously".

　　On the other hand, there are also differences in the intensity of regulation. Except for Beijing, other cities have not explicitly restricted individual commercial loan purchasers from running projects. Shenzhen, Chengdu and other places focus on product design control at the supply end.

　　For the development enterprises, the minimum division unit of newly-reported commercial projects is strictly regulated as not less than 500 square meters in Beijing, not less than 300 square meters in Guangzhou, and only part of the proportion is required in Shenzhen. In terms of transfer, Beijing and Guangzhou stipulate that purchased commercial properties can be transferred to legal entities and individuals, but Guangzhou has set "additional conditions" for the transfer, that is, individuals can not transfer again until they have obtained the immovable property certificate for two years.

　　Why is it limited? Crack down on speculation and limit the influx of people

　　"The activity of commercial projects is mainly due to the restriction on the purchase of houses and the high-end of houses, so a large number of public buildings are supported in the residential land." Speaking of the heat of the commercial market, Zhang Dawei believes that it has something to do with the increase in population.

　　Zhang Dawei said that in first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, the demand for permanent residents’ housing is huge. Some projects in the name of commerce, hotels and offices, by dividing property rights, change the use attributes of commercial projects, take "quasi-housing" as a selling point, and play a marginal role in electricity and water use to attract buyers.

　　However, due to the different nature of land use, there are obvious differences between commercial projects and commercial housing. First of all, the property right is 40 or 50 years, and there is no residential facilities (school district houses, etc.), with high residential density and small apartment type; The most important thing is that the house price will be lowered by 50-60% compared with the price of commercial housing in the same region.

　　"Low housing prices and no purchase restrictions are the main reasons for choosing commercial projects." Many interviewees who have purchased commercial projects told the reporter of Zhongxin. com.

　　Why should we regulate the commercial market? "The first is the planning problem. The business that is originally a residential facility has the property of residence, which is contrary to the planning and the related facilities cannot be followed up; The other is the population problem, such as the large population of commercial projects in Beijing and Shenzhen; In addition, due to the low land price of commercial land, developers take land with commercial land but sell it at residential prices, earning extra profits in disguise. " Zhang Dawei said.

　　Hua Zheng, an associate professor in the Department of Land Management, School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China, pointed out in an interview with the media that commercial regulation will ensure that residential houses and commercial offices belong to commercial offices, reduce the customer base of commercial properties, reduce the enthusiasm of developers and investors to run products, and then reduce the premium level of commercial land. "Cracking down on speculation in the commercial market will also limit the disorderly influx of population into big cities to a certain extent".

　　It’s not over! More cities may be planning to standardize the business market.

　　"There are cities that are brewing or starting to set off a new round of blockades ‘ Business changes to residence ’ 、‘ Do change and live ’ The policy tide. " Zhang Dawei predicted that before, the investment demand for buying commercial projects due to residential purchase restriction may face great risks.

　　Yan Yuejin, who predicted that Shenzhen and Shanghai would follow up the regulation of commercial projects, told reporters that in the future, some hot cities will actively follow up the purchase restriction of commercial projects. Although the intensity of control will not be equal to that of Beijing, one thing is certain: "Commercial projects are no longer linked to residential properties."

　　In Yan Yuejin’s view, in terms of policy strength, the measures to directly restrict or prohibit sales represented by Beijing are the most severe, and the control effect is the most obvious; However, the following mainstream model may be to standardize the supply side and actively control product design.

　　"Beijing and Guangzhou will not rule out the formulation of new policies for existing properties, for example, reasonable guidance for some buyers who sell and transfer houses." Some insiders analyzed to reporters. (End)