In recent years, with the increasing myopia rate of children and adolescents, how to effectively prevent myopia and protect eyes in like eyes has attracted much attention. Jishui County, Ji ‘an City, Jiangxi Province, organized a professional medical screening team to come to schools and kindergartens recently to provide children with eyesight tests and file the children’s eye health. Liao Min photo

　　Zhi Zhao Zhu Huiqing wrote

　　The COVID-19 epidemic has changed people’s way of life and students’ way of learning. There are fewer outdoor activities, more TV and computers, and online classes become the norm. Whether adults or children, the main learning and entertainment have become using computers, playing mobile phones and watching TV. Using your eyes at close range for a long time undoubtedly aggravated the damage to your eyes.

　　Recently, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the Guidelines for the Prevention of Myopia among Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Epidemic (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines), which specifically mentioned that outdoor sports should be increased. According to relevant sources, proper outdoor exercise can not only improve children’s health, but also play a key role in the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents.

　　Increase daytime outdoor activities

　　Relieve excessive eye use at home

　　During the COVID-19 epidemic, home schooling became an important way for children to learn. Ms. Liang, a parent of a junior two student, said that children used to have physical education class every day at school, and they could exercise by walking on the way to and from school. Although they read books for a long time, they sometimes have a rest, but now they are bored at home staring at their mobile phones and tablets, having live classes, submitting and revising their homework every day. The child’s eyesight has become blurred, which makes her very worried.

　　Experts say that daytime activities can not only prevent myopia, but also control the development of myopia for children who have already developed myopia. The "Guidelines" specifically mentioned that it is necessary to increase children’s outdoor activities and advocate increasing outdoor activities in open, ventilated and sparsely populated places, which is conducive to preventing myopia. This is not contradictory to the prevention and control of the epidemic, but it is necessary to do a good job of prevention and control.

　　First of all, children should try to avoid close contact with others when they are outdoors, and wear masks when they need to communicate with other children or others. Second, young children should be accompanied by adults for outdoor activities. At the same time, parents should pay attention to children’s hygiene, especially hand hygiene, and be sure to tell children not to touch their eyes, nose and mouth with their hands. Third, children should not spit everywhere during outdoor sports. When sneezing and coughing, they should pay attention to covering their mouth and nose with paper towels and elbows. Fourth, take off your coat and wash your hands in time after going home from outdoor sports.

　　Choose regular electronic products

　　Anti-blue light equipment is not necessary

　　Mr. Yang, a citizen of Beijing, bought the latest tablet computer and anti-blue-light glasses in order to make his children’s online classes not hurt their eyes. Although the expenses are not small, he thinks it is worthwhile for their children’s eyesight.

　　In this regard, experts suggest that the selection of video tools should adhere to the principle of "rather big than small", and the order of selection is projection, TV, computer, tablet computer and mobile phone. Improper screen size, display screen refresh rate and use distance can also easily lead to visual fatigue, and then cause eye diseases such as myopia or dry eye, while the resolution of the display generally does not cause visual fatigue, so it is suggested to set the parameters of the screen: the height should be kept at a level or slightly lower position in the eyeball and video center; The distance is 4-6 times of the diagonal length of the electronic screen; The refresh rate of CRT display screen of cathode ray tube is generally 75-85 Hz. If it is a liquid crystal display screen, there is no need to adjust the refresh rate. In addition, the ambient light should be suitable. When using electronic products at night, it is necessary to turn on the light and dim the brightness of the screen to 30%. Screen saver wallpaper with green background can be set to relieve eye fatigue.

　　Wei Wenbin, director and chief physician of the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, said that there is an over-interpretation of the harm of blue light in the society at present, and there should be no direct relationship between the prevention of blue light and visual fatigue and the prevention and control of myopia. Blue light can be divided into long-wave blue light and short-wave blue light. Only short-wave blue light will affect eye health, but it needs long-time, high-intensity and uninterrupted irradiation. The electronic products that pass the quality inspection have filtered harmful short-wave blue light. Therefore, in daily life, there is no need to install anti-blue light equipment when using electronic products produced by regular manufacturers.

　　Tables and chairs match the height of children.

　　Try not to use the dining table instead.

　　The desks and chairs that match the height of children can protect eyesight and prevent myopia. Inappropriate tables and chairs will have a great impact on sitting posture and sight distance, leading to diseases such as myopia and spinal curvature. During the epidemic period, a large number of students studied at home, not equipped with special desks and chairs, and some used dining tables, dining chairs or beds instead.

　　In this regard, Guo Xin, director of the School Health Center of Beijing CDC, said that the dining table and dining chair are often too high, while the bed is soft and low, which cannot replace the regular desks and chairs.

　　For families with adjustable desks and chairs, according to the height of children and the height range table of various models of desks and chairs for primary and secondary school students, the table height and seating height suitable for children can be found. According to this principle, the thighs and calves should be vertical, the back should be straight, the upper arms should droop, and the elbows should be 3-4 cm below the desktop to correct the desks and chairs. Families without adjustable desks and chairs should also make adjustments according to the above principles. When the table or chair is too short, the table or chair should be raised.

　　Eye movement exercises are limited.

　　And don’t rely on eye drops.

　　Xiao Gang, a 10-year-old, stayed at home for online classes during the epidemic, staring at the computer for a long time during the day, often watching TV and playing games after studying, and sometimes staying up late to read books. Recently, the mother found that her son began to blink frequently, and there were always secretions in his eyes, and he rubbed his eyes from time to time. Xiao Gang’s mother is very worried.

　　The eyeball is like a camera. To take a clear picture, you need to focus on the negative. The process of focusing is called adjustment, which depends on the movement of the muscles in the eye. Looking near is like spring contraction, that is, adjusting tension, while looking far is spring relaxation, that is, adjusting relaxation. Excessive adjustment may lead to myopia. Increase outdoor activities, increase the time to see the distance, you can effectively relax the adjustment.

　　Wei Wenbin said that during the epidemic period, there were some "winking", "slanting head and slanting brain" and various eye exercises focusing on eye movement. This kind of exercise is actually the exercise of extraocular muscles, which is helpful to some children with oblique amblyopia who need to train their binocular vision function, but it can’t relieve the fatigue of intraocular muscles well, so it can’t slow down the development of myopia and visual fatigue. To prevent and control myopia, we should emphasize the formula of "20-20-20", that is to say, look for nearly 20 minutes and look at 20 feet (6 meters) for more than 20 seconds, so as to relax the muscles in the eye and relieve visual fatigue.

　　At present, there is no drug promotion to improve vision and control the development of myopia in China. In recent years, studies have found that low concentration of atropine can delay the development of myopia in children. However, the low concentration of atropine eye drops is not a magic medicine. Some children will be afraid of light, unable to see clearly at close range, and allergic reaction to atropine. There are still some children who can’t effectively control the progress of myopia. So don’t rely on eye drops to prevent and control myopia, reduce the use of eyes at close range, pay attention to eye posture and increase outdoor exercise are the most important ways to prevent and control myopia. At the same time, we should go to the hospital early for health examination, monitor the occurrence and development trend of myopia and intervene in time.

　　High myopia or blindness

　　Wearing glasses is the most effective way to delay

　　Experts suggest that preschool children should be more strict with the use of electronic screens than school-age children, and the use of electronic products should be minimized. The time for watching cartoons should not exceed 15 minutes at a time, and the cumulative time should not exceed 1 hour every day; Ensure more than 10 hours of adequate sleep, balanced nutrition, no picky eaters, no overeating, eat less sugar, eat more fruits and vegetables, and drink no less than 1500 ml of water every day; Choose an appropriate sport or game.

　　Wei Wenbin emphasized that myopia can’t heal itself. Some high myopia above 600 degrees is pathological myopia, which is an important cause of blindness. The most critical purpose of juvenile myopia treatment is to prevent it from developing into high myopia and pathological myopia. Therefore, once myopia is diagnosed, it should be intervened.

　　It is recommended to wear glasses when the degree is greater than 100 degrees. First of all, we should go to the hospital for identification. After ciliary muscle paralysis, mydriasis and optometry can distinguish true myopia, asthenopia and pseudomyopia. True myopia cannot be recovered by means of instrument training, and there is no effective cure at present. The reason why instrument training improves vision may be that the patient is pseudomyopia, or that the naked eye vision is improved by training ciliary muscles. However, this state of myopia has not been lifted, so there is no way to stop the rapid development of myopia.

　　It is said on the Internet that children with low myopia get worse after wearing glasses, which is a natural development of myopia, not caused by wearing glasses. It is the simplest, safest and most effective way to delay this process by wearing appropriate glasses. With the improvement of the epidemic prevention and control situation, it is now possible to go to the hospital for optometry and glasses. When visiting a doctor, we should pay attention to strictly implementing epidemic prevention measures, make an appointment for optometry in advance, see a doctor at different times to reduce gathering, wear a mask for protection, and cooperate with the examination according to the doctor’s advice.

　　interlinkage

　　Attention should be paid to the vision problems of the elderly

　　According to the 45th Statistical Report on the Development of Internet in China, by March 2020, the number of Internet users in China had reached 904 million, and the number of mobile phone users had reached 897 million. Among netizens, netizens aged 50 and above account for 16.9%, and the number exceeds 150 million. The Internet continues to penetrate into middle-aged and elderly people.

　　Today, with the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the use time of small-screen mobile terminals for the elderly has doubled, which has greatly enlarged the eye problems of the elderly in the small-screen era. Many of them suffer from vision problems such as cataracts or glaucoma. According to the statistics of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the incidence of cataract in people aged 60 to 89 in China is about 80%, and the incidence of cataract in people over 90 years old is as high as 90%. Cataract patients are often accompanied by blurred vision, ghosting, photophobia, glare, dark shadows in front of their eyes, deepening myopia and other symptoms. Without surgical treatment, they may eventually become blind, which will seriously affect their normal work and life.

　　Seeing that the end of the year is coming again, I believe many parents are busy paying for the renewal of their children’s various early education classes, and they are embarrassed to say that they have children unless they report to two or three extracurricular classes.

　　Teach children to read a lot of picture books in advance; Teach children pinyin, literacy, English and arithmetic in advance, and regard learning knowledge as early education … … Nowadays, many parents don’t really understand the purpose of early education, thinking that early education is to develop children’s intelligence, that is, to teach children to do things in primary schools, even middle schools and even universities in advance. This concept is wrong.

　　Developing intelligence is important for children’s development, but the key factor that determines how far a child can go in society in the future is his character. It is more important for children to participate in future social life with a healthy attitude, cheerful mood and cooperative spirit, and to have certain practical ability and good language expression than excellent grades.

　　We can’t just pay attention to what children learn today, but think about whether these things taught today will affect children’s lives in 10 years, 20 years, 30 years, 50 years or even 70 years. Therefore, in line with the purpose of lifelong sustainable development, preschool education should make more efforts to cultivate personality quality. Have you "unlocked" the following 8 skills for your baby?

　　First, develop basic viability

　　Survival ability includes 12 aspects: eating, drinking, pulling, scattering, sleeping, wearing, combing, wearing, wiping, hygiene, working and tidying, all of which are indispensable. In life, some children just lack this basic survival ability.

　　When I was working in the experimental primary school of Beijing Normal University, I encountered such a situation. Some parents asked, "Principal, what’s the matter? The water that the child brought in the morning has not been drunk until now. Don’t you teach children to drink water in your primary school? "

　　Parents, didn’t your children learn to drink water until they were 6 years old? Later, I found through observation that children can’t drink water because their parents didn’t teach them right. When does a person need to drink water and drink when he is thirsty? Wrong. Drink only when you are thirsty, eat only when you are hungry, excrete only when you are suffocated, rest only when you are tired, sleep only when you are sleepy, lose weight only when you are fat, and go to see a doctor when you are sick. In these seven States, your body is overdrawn and your cells have been damaged. Therefore, parents must teach their children to replenish water in time. If the children are not taught to drink water actively in the kindergarten class, the teacher will not organize the children to drink water in a unified way until they go to primary school.

　　Take "wipe" as an example. "Wipe" means to wipe the fragrance. In winter and spring, especially in the north, the skin must be covered with something protective, otherwise it will chapped when the wind blows. Therefore, we must teach our children to do their own protection.

　　Second, form good living habits

　　Once a habit is formed, it is very difficult to change it. A large number of psychological studies tell us that a child’s living habits in kindergarten will definitely migrate to his study habits after he goes to school. That is to say, if his living habits are in a mess in kindergarten, don’t expect his study habits to be good in the future.

　　Habits accompany children all their lives, and good habits are inexhaustible wealth for children all their lives; Bad habits are debts that children can’t pay off all their lives.

　　Tagore once said, sowing habits, harvesting life; Li Ka-shing said, sowing habits make a career. Be sure to help your child develop good living habits before he is 6 years old.

　　3. Build self-esteem and confidence.

　　American psychologist Erickson’s research on social psychology tells us that there are a pair of contradictions in every different period of human life. At the age of 4 to 6, when the child is in kindergarten, this contradiction is a contradiction between initiative and guilt.

　　If the child develops well in all aspects, he will actively and actively participate in activities; If he doesn’t develop well, he will feel guilty and retreat, and he is an evasive attitude towards everything. How to stimulate children’s initiative during this critical period?

　　The method is actually very simple, that is, during this period, parents and teachers should give their children more encouragement.

　　A confident child has pride and self-esteem, and does not need to whip himself. If parents don’t have to take care of some things, he will take the initiative to do it. Such a child will be self-reliant, and a self-reliant child will be self-reliant in the future.

　　A confident child will encounter more setbacks and difficulties in his life in the future. He is strong inside, he has a sense of happiness and a quality life. A child without self-confidence has no strength, no matter how much property his parents leave him. He is too weak inside and his life has no quality.

　　Learn to cooperate and live in harmony with others.

　　Now many parents are only children. Two only children together, and gave birth to an only child. Children have no companions to get along with at home, and without this kind of experience transfer, they will lack a lot of things. Learning how to get along with peers is a very important reason for sending children to kindergarten. In kindergarten, children gradually learn to live in a collective life and get along with others.

　　When Xixi in our family went to kindergarten, there was no tissue paper. Everyone used handkerchiefs, but we let our children take that kind of rolled toilet paper to school every day.

　　We will tell her that when a child needs it, you can give it to him or help him use it, so we will be very happy. Which child has a runny nose or is sweating, which child is crying or bleeding, just take some paper and wipe it for him.

　　Especially when a child is crying, all you have to do is wipe his tears with paper, then hug him, pat him on the back and whisper in his ear: I know you are very upset now, I can understand, shall we work something out together?

　　This is what I taught my child. I have done it since I was a child. She joined the kindergarten halfway, but later, she can make many good friends. Therefore, there are some things that we have to teach our children.

　　Cultivate correct values.

　　For the sake of children’s lifelong sustainable development, we should help children cultivate universal values. It is to let the child recognize as much as possible, and let his values be similar to those of others, so that he can be accepted by others.

　　Parents may not pay attention to this problem. Some children are lonely, have no playmates and are marginalized by their peers. In many cases, their values are different from others.

　　Lu cultivates positive feelings of loving artistic beauty in life.

　　Let children know that the love of beauty is a realm. Although the child can’t see the flowers or beautiful hairpin on her head, she has a beautiful hairpin in her heart. From the perspective of mental health, such a child will never get depression, because she has a sense of happiness in her heart. It is a kind of realm for women to please themselves and create a good-looking atmosphere for others.

　　From the point of view of mental health, a person knows how to spend some time for himself every day, which shows that he is not mean and tolerant of himself. He understands the taste of life and has an emotional appeal, which is cultivated from an early age.

　　We often see that some people are very good-looking, but lack temperament, which can not be compensated by having money to buy various decorations to wear on their bodies. And some people are plain-looking, but outstanding in temperament, and we can feel the taste and quality of life from him.

　　In addition to leading children to pursue visual beauty, they should also be encouraged to pursue auditory enjoyment and know how to appreciate beautiful melodies and melodious rhythms. Creating beauty while experiencing beauty, starting from an early age, his future life will be tasteful and quality, and he will live in a mood and artistic conception every day.

　　It is difficult to cultivate a person’s aesthetics. As parents, we should work hard and actively to help children cultivate.

　　Cultivate sports interest

　　Let children learn simple health knowledge, teach them how to pay attention to their own health and strengthen physical exercise. A healthy body will benefit children all their lives.

　　Develop cognitive ability

　　Cognition includes stimulating children’s curiosity and willingness to learn, enriching individual creativity and imagination, and cultivating the ability to find and solve problems.

　　Five areas to promote children’s development are put forward in the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education: health, language, society, science and art. Kindergartens that truly meet the national standards must carry out education and teaching activities along these five fields.

　　Early education should be based on the long-term and avoid quick success and instant benefit. As stated in the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education", the combination of conservation and education promotes the development of children’s sensory and motor abilities, and forms and develops language; Develop good living habits, cultivate learning interest and good learning quality, understand social rules, and promote healthy development of body and personality. (Text/Qian Zhiliang Illustration of Beijing Normal University/In)