Sales this month Accumulated this year last month compare the numbers with the prior period of the same length same period last year compare to the same period of the previous year BMW 3 Series 12610 128649 10382 21.46% 13879 -9.14% Bmw X3 10729 96881 10984 -2.32% 9814 9.32% Bmw 5 series 9360 75671 8142 14.96% 16692 -43.93% BMW X1 5410 74458 7117 -23.98% 8645 -37.42% BMW X5 48V 5324 43143 3933 35.37% 4745 12.20% Bmw X5 4481 36308 3310 35.38% 3994 12.19% Bmw iX3 3506 33056 3137 11.76% 4063 -13.71% Bmw i3 2867 44127 2986 -3.99% 6141 -53.31% Bmw i5 1152 7928 577 99.65% 0 0% Bmw iX1 825 10887 1109 -25.61% 681 21.15% BMW 5 Series PHEV 10 111 one 900.00% 177 -94.35% Bmw X2 one 307 0 0% 443 -99.77% Bmw summary 56275 551526 51678 8.90% 69274 -18.76%

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As one of the core components of automobile, engine not only determines the quality of automobile, but also determines the temperament of automobile. Under the influence of manufacturers and media for many years, consumers generally understand what kind of output performance will be brought to the engine behind the parameters such as displacement, torque, horsepower and power. However, in the vehicle configuration table, the engine will have a label, engine cylinder diameter and stroke. What information is hidden behind these two parameters?

Influence of radius ratio on engine dynamic characteristics

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Simply put, the cylinder diameter refers to the diameter of the cylinder piston (inner wall diameter), and the stroke refers to the distance from the retraction to the extension of the piston rod. We all know that engine power is basically determined by engine displacement, and engine displacement = π× square of cylinder radius× stroke× number of cylinders, so the product of cylinder diameter and stroke determines engine power.

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Under the premise of constant displacement, engine cylinders can be designed into different combinations, which can be generally divided into three types: cylinder diameter > stroke, short stroke engine; Cylinder diameter = stroke, equal stroke engine; Cylinder diameter < stroke, long stroke engine. The ratio of cylinder diameter to stroke is called radius ratio, which is an important parameter to judge the high and low speed of the engine.

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The design of short-stroke engine with large cylinder diameter will increase the engine area and occupy a larger space in the engine room, but relatively, the engine height will not be too high, so it can effectively reduce the focus of the whole vehicle and ensure high-speed stability and handling performance. In terms of power output, short-stroke engines generally have higher rotational speed, because after the stroke is shortened, the stroke that a single work pushes the piston will also be shortened, and the number of times of doing work in the same time will also increase accordingly, and the output power will be greater, with the disadvantage of low torsion difference.

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The long-stroke engine is designed with a small cylinder diameter, so the engine occupies a small area, and the front of the engine can be designed to be shorter, giving space to the cab behind. However, the longer stroke leads to the higher height of the engine, which hinders the reduction of wind resistance and streamline modeling design, and the higher center of gravity is not conducive to high-speed handling performance. Generally, the engine with long stroke design will have a low speed of peak torque. Because the piston runs once in the cylinder for a long time, the dynamic acceleration is high, so the torque is easy to increase. The disadvantage is that the top speed is not high, and because of the long stroke, the jitter problem of the engine is obvious.

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The performance of constant stroke engine is between short stroke engine and long stroke engine. Although the short-stroke engine has high speed and stable output, it has no advantage in spatial layout, so the equal-impact engine is a compromise method, which keeps a certain cylinder diameter and a certain stroke, for example, Subaru 2.0L FA20 engine cylinder diameter = stroke diameter = 86 mm.

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Therefore, it can be seen that the longer the engine stroke, the greater the displacement of the engine, but if the stroke is too long, stability and bending performance should be considered, while the short-stroke engine has high speed, low vibration and stable operation, but the manufacturing cost will be higher. Therefore, at present, the cylinder diameter ratio of short-stroke engines is generally not more than 1.3: 1, and those that exceed 1.3: 1 are reinforced, and so are long-stroke engines.

Is it better to have a larger stroke or a larger cylinder diameter?

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A good understanding of the relationship between cylinder diameter and stroke can explain why some cars reach the red line at 5000 rpm, and some cars still have no fuel cut at 8000 rpm. Even if the same brand has the same engine with the same displacement and different models, its speed will be different. So, what effect does the speed have on consumers?

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From the performance point of view, the stability of high rotation output of short-stroke engine is king, the starting acceleration is not high, and the speed is its specialty. Of course, high speed certainly means high fuel consumption, because the piston runs up before a drop of oil is used up, so the engine with high speed has high fuel consumption and emissions, which is generally suitable for sports cars or sports cars.

Comparatively speaking, the long-stroke engine is more space-saving in design, and the layout in the engine compartment is more convenient and changeable. For car companies, even if a new model is introduced later, it can be easily adapted with a little optimization, so it is more popular, which is not necessarily a bad routine for consumers.

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Short stroke, small reciprocating inertia of the engine, suitable for high rotation; On the contrary, long stroke, large engine inertia and good low torque. Therefore, long-stroke engines that are good at emitting large torque in low-speed areas are more suitable for vehicles that require higher traction but lower speed, such as off-road vehicles, SUVs, trucks and so on. This kind of long-stroke engine generally has good torque characteristics and good starting performance, and the long stroke makes the engine burn more fully, so the fuel consumption is less, so it is very suitable for ordinary people to use. Now many ordinary cars also use long-stroke engines.

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With the development of science and technology, in order to save mold and design costs, some large companies use engines with the same diameter-to-diameter ratio for their sports cars, cars and off-road vehicles, that is, several engines with different displacement share the cylinder block, and only adjust the number of cylinders or ECU driving computer to meet the needs of different models. For example, Volkswagen does not name every engine with a displacement, but all engines that use a cylinder are called the same name, and the prefix of the name is the same. EA113 is the code name of the engine block. This series of engines have been used in the fifth generation GTI, Audi TTS, Passat B5 and other models of golf.

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Yaston’s nodule

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For Keyboard Man, it is the most basic skill to know the performance of the engine by looking at the parameters. It is impossible to determine the performance of the engine just by looking at the basic parameters such as displacement, torque and power of the engine. Cylinder diameter and stroke should also be considered as important information, which is also applicable to ordinary consumers.

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BYD Auto recently announced a new generation of DM-i super hybrid technology. Compared with the previous DM-i hybrid, it has made a great breakthrough and achieved the ultimate in energy consumption. Under NEDC working conditions, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is lower than 3L, which is really exaggerated. Seal 06, which was declared before, will be the first to take a new generation of DM-i hybrid technology, and its comprehensive cruising range is expected to exceed 2,000 kilometers. Let’s take a look at the performance of BYD Seal 06.

From the previous declaration, we can see the appearance design of BYD Seal 06, which follows the design language of BYD’s marine aesthetics. The front face is equipped with an inverted trapezoidal air intake grille, and the interior is chrome-plated with banners. The headlights are also very eye-catching and the overall appearance is very young and fashionable. It is also equipped with large-size diversion grooves on both sides of its lower enclosure to enhance the sense of movement of the car, and the overall recognition is also very high.

BYD Seal 06 is positioned as a medium-sized car, with a body size of 4830*1875*1495mm and a wheelbase of 2790 mm.. Viewed from the side, its waistline is also very sharp, the window line is decorated with chrome trim, and the door panel handle is semi-hidden, with the top-sliding roof shape and five-spoke petal hub shape, creating a good sports atmosphere. Its tail shape looks simple, and it adopts the shape of "duck tail". The taillight uses the popular penetrating shape, and the taillight has also been blackened. The lower enclosure is decorated with a large area of black decorative board, and with a large diffuser, it gives people a very sporty feeling.

Regarding the interior of the new car, there is not much detailed information exposed at present. It is highly probable that the latest design style of BYD family will be adopted, and the official release shall prevail.

The highlight is its power part. BYD Seal 06 will be equipped with a new generation of DM-i super hybrid technology. The system is composed of 1.5L engine and motor, and the maximum power of the engine is 74kW；. The motor provides two options with maximum power of 120kW and 160kW respectively. In terms of battery life, the new car provides two pure electric battery life versions of 60 km and 90 km. Under NEDC working conditions, the fuel consumption per 100 km is lower than 3L, and the comprehensive cruising range will exceed 2,000 km.

Conclusion: The appearance of BYD Seal 06 is still very fashionable and sporty. If it is really equipped with a new generation of DM-i super hybrid technology, its competitiveness will be very strong. BYD’s "price war" is a major blow to traditional fuel vehicles, and the new generation of DM-i super hybrid technology will be the "last straw" to crush fuel vehicles. What do you think?

Welcome to [Autohome Chengdu Discount Promotion Channel], we bring you a car buying feast that you can’t miss! Currently, popular electric vehicles are being promoted in Chengdu. Buyers can enjoy a cash discount of up to 28,000 yuan, which further reduces the starting price of this high-performance electric vehicle model to 188,600 yuan. This is a rare car buying opportunity. If you want to grab the eπ 008, don’t miss it! Hurry up and click "Chatti Car Price" in the quotation form, let us help you get this favorite car at the best price!

Sorry, since I am a text generative model, I need specific guidance to generate content about the appearance of the car. But I can’t generate a description for the non-existent car series eπ 008 because there is not enough information to refer to. If you can provide more specific information or car series names, I will be happy to help you create relevant introductions.

The Eπ 008 has a delicate and smooth side design, with a size of 5002mm*1972mm*1732mm and a wheelbase of 3025mm, ensuring a spacious and comfortable interior. The front and rear wheelbases are 1650mm, ensuring the stability and driving performance of the vehicle. The tire size is 265/45 R21, and the elegant wheel design not only provides excellent grip, but also adds to the vehicle’s sense of movement and fashion.

内饰方面，eπ008展现出精致与科技感的完美融合。车厢内部采用皮质方向盘，提供舒适的握感，并支持手动上下+前后调节，确保驾驶员的个性化需求。中控台上，15.6英寸的大屏幕作为焦点，集成多媒体系统、导航、电话及空调控制功能，通过语音识别技术，轻松实现便捷操作。座椅选用仿皮材质，主副驾驶位均可实现前后调节、靠背调节以及多向支撑，如腰部支撑，确保长途驾驶的舒适度。前排座椅还配备加热和通风功能，以及电动记忆功能，驾驶位和副驾驶位均可独立设置。后排座椅支持前后调节、靠背调节和腿托调节，配合比例放倒功能，为乘客提供了灵活的空间选择。车内USB和Type-C接口的分布确保了电子设备的便利连接，前排有2个接口，后排则有3个，还额外提供手机无线充电功能。整体而言，eπ008的内饰设计兼顾实用与豪华，营造出既实用又舒适的驾驶环境。

车系eπ008搭载了一台1.5T涡轮增压发动机，其最大功率达到了108千瓦，能够输出147马力的强大动力。这款L4发动机与电动车单速变速箱配合默契，提供出色的扭矩表现，最大扭矩为210牛·米。这款动力系统旨在为驾驶者带来高效且平顺的驾驶体验。

总的来说，汽车之家车主对于奕派008的评价总体积极，尽管他提到了一些小瑕疵，如新车初期的异味问题和车门的风噪声，他并未对此感到过分困扰。车主表示，这些问题并不影响他的整体驾驶体验，他相信这些可以通过后期的改善措施来解决。正如他所说：“新车上路，难免有些小问题，但奕派008的大气外观和时尚设计足以弥补这些小遗憾。”让我们期待奕派008在未来能够持续优化，满足更多车主的需求。

Geely Automobile’s carefully crafted new pure electric sedan, which has officially opened the pre-sale, is priced between 78,800 yuan and 107,800 yuan. This affordable price strategy, coupled with a variety of configuration options, has injected a strong new force into the market.

Star Wish has launched seven body colors with its unique design aesthetics, not only satisfying consumers’ pursuit of personalization, but also with its 413518051570mm compact body and 2650mm wheelbase, accurately positioning itself in the small car market segment, forming a direct dialogue with popular models such as BYD and BYD, indicating that a fierce competition is about to take place.

In terms of power performance, Star Wish demonstrates Geely’s deep accumulation in the field of electric technology, providing two high-efficiency single motor options, with power output of 79 horsepower and 116 horsepower respectively, to meet different driving needs. The whole series is equipped with standard Ningde era batteries and advanced liquid-cooled temperature control system, ensuring the high energy density (185Wh/kg) of the battery and excellent safety. The range covers 310km to 410km, making it easy to cope with daily commutes and short trips. It is particularly worth mentioning that its fast charging technology is impressive, it can be charged from 30% to 80% in only 24 minutes, and the short 10-minute charging time can add about 120km of driving range to the vehicle, greatly relieving the user’s endurance anxiety.

In terms of configuration, Star Wish is also full of sincerity. Even the youth version, which starts at 78,800 yuan, has been equipped with high-end configurations such as independent suspension, layout, and self-developed 11-in-1 intelligent electric drive system. At the same time, it is integrated into the Galaxy Flyme Auto intelligent car system to achieve seamless handcar interconnection and bring users a convenient intelligent travel experience. In terms of safety, Star Wish is equipped with a Aegis battery safety system as standard, combined with the Star Armor cage body design, to build a comprehensive safety net.

With the launch of the Star Wish UP series, Geely has taken comfort and luxury to a new height. While retaining the advantages of the basic version, the Exploration Edition and the Exploration + Edition further enrich the comfort configuration and intelligent experience. The two-color body and L2-level intelligent driving assistance system presented for a limited time add another highlight to the cost performance of this car. The launch of Geely Star Wish’s pre-sale not only highlights Geely’s profound strength and forward-looking layout in the field of pure electric vehicles, but also brings a new force that cannot be underestimated to the small car market, indicating that a new round of market structure changes are coming.

Recently, the entertainment industry’s melon fields have been boiling again, and well-known entertainment records have revealed that Yang Zi is in love, which has aroused heated discussions and speculation among netizens. According to entertainment records, Yang Zi and her boyfriend are in the same community, and the identity of the man has also been exposed by netizens, and all kinds of details seem to match. The news immediately aroused widespread attention and discussion among netizens. As a popular flower, Yang Zi’s love life has always been the focus of his fans. The exposure of this relationship has caused netizens to explode.

Yang Zi, the popular little flower Dan, has always been the focus of the entertainment industry. Her works are deeply loved by audiences and her popularity remains high. However, a recent revelation about her relationship has caused netizens to fall into a frenzy of attention and discussion.

It is reported that a well-known entertainment reporter broke the news that Yang Zi had recently fallen in love, and the identity of her boyfriend was unexpected. The two lived in the same community, which made netizens speculate who this mysterious boyfriend was.

As public opinion fermented, netizens began to dig out information about the man. From various details, it seemed that the man’s identity was indeed related to Yang Zi. This made netizens even more curious, who is this mysterious boyfriend?

After the news came out, it immediately aroused widespread attention and discussion among netizens. As a popular flower, Yang Zi’s love life has always been the focus of attention of his fans. The exposure of this relationship has caused netizens to explode.

Yang Zi, the popular little flower Dan, has always been the focus of the entertainment industry. Her works are deeply loved by audiences and her popularity remains high. However, a recent revelation about her relationship has caused netizens to fall into a frenzy of attention and discussion.

It is reported that a well-known entertainment reporter broke the news that Yang Zi had recently fallen in love, and the identity of her boyfriend was unexpected. The two lived in the same community, which made netizens speculate who this mysterious boyfriend was.

As public opinion fermented, netizens began to dig out information about the man. From various details, it seemed that the man’s identity was indeed related to Yang Zi. This made netizens even more curious, who is this mysterious boyfriend?

After the news came out, it immediately aroused widespread attention and discussion among netizens. As a popular flower, Yang Zi’s love life has always been the focus of attention of his fans. The exposure of this relationship has caused netizens to explode.

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　　Directed by John Woo and starring stars such as Michelle Yeoh, Zheng Yusheng, Guo Xiaodong and Big S, "Sword Rain" will be released globally on September 28 after the Venice Film Festival at the beginning of next month. In the film, Guo Xiaodong is invited to play Zhang Renfeng, a legendary swordsman with stunts. He walks the rivers and lakes with a pair of swords in his hand, and often sees injustice. He is known as an elite talent among swordsmen. For this praise, Guo Xiaodong laughs that the elite man in his own heart should have a strong sense of responsibility to society and family.

　　This kind of understanding is exactly in line with Guo Xiaodong’s own image, and it is also a little similar to the Zhang Renfeng he played in "Sword Rain". As the descendant of a high-ranking official, Zhang Renfeng did not only pursue a comfortable life as an official like his father. In addition to reading poetry and books, he was also obsessed with swordsmanship. After many spring, summer, autumn and winter, he finally cultivated his profound skills. Zhang Renfeng’s cultural and martial arts characteristics made him valued by the court at that time. But he was dissatisfied with the villain in the dynasty, so he secretly launched a contest with evil forces…

　　It can be said that Zhang Renfeng, played by Guo Xiaodong, has a strong sense of social mission, which is also the characteristic of most elite men in today’s society. Guo Xiaodong was interviewed and talked about his understanding of elite men, which he understood as: well-educated, have their own career, and have achieved success in their own positions; pursue, have ideals, have certain economic ability and social status; have a sense of responsibility to society and family.

　　But on the way forward, there are many difficulties and dangers, and it is not so easy to live a free and confident life without being tempted by money and material things. But Zhang Renfeng, played by Guo Xiaodong, pursues freedom, always stands on the side of justice, and defends his purpose of learning the sword – that is, to destroy all darkness with the strongest strength, and to live a carefree life by looking down on fame and wealth.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 29 (reporters Ding Yawen, Li Ting, Hu Jiefei) Recently, there have been many controversies about the quality and safety of the food sold by community groups buying supply channels. Many consumers report that they buy products of unknown origin on community e-commerce platforms; some consumers report that they see community group buying staff sorting and repackaging expired products.

　　According to the "official" statement of some community e-commerce companies, their "high quality and low price" is achieved by "direct procurement from the place of origin" and reducing intermediate costs. However, the reporter’s investigation found that this statement seems untenable. What are the "hidden corners" of community group buying? Can food safety be guaranteed? The reporter visited on the spot and interviewed all relevant parties in the industrial chain to restore the true ecology of community group buying.

　　"Direct mining from origin" is mostly the slogan "wholesale distribution" is the mainstream

　　According to the description of some community e-commerce companies, most of the agricultural products they sell are supplied by "direct procurement from the place of origin". The company has a "supply chain system of origin", which can ensure "quality from the source".

　　When the reporter visited wholesale markets such as Xinfadi in Beijing and Hongqi Farmers’ Trade in Tianjin, he found multiple community group buying and distribution trucks. Some suppliers and drivers told reporters that some merchants in the market supply to multiple platforms at the same time. Community group buying trucks usually pull goods at night, complete sorting work in the warehouse at night, and deliver to the "head" the next day.

　　"We are a first-class supplier, and the fruit we sell is directly pulled from the local cooperative. The big community group buying platforms all buy from us. If you plan to do group buying, just come to us to buy, even if it is directly from the place of origin," said one supplier.

　　Yang Tiantian, deputy secretary-general of the Commerce and Logistics Branch of the China Chamber of Commerce, introduced that the supply of goods for community group buying mainly comes from two channels: one is direct procurement from the place of origin, and the other is wholesale purchase. Direct procurement from the place of origin is very difficult. Enterprises need to have the control ability of the entire supply chain. They need "three major warehouses" of origin warehouses, transit warehouses and front warehouses, and the investment cost is very high. Among the current community e-commerce enterprises, most of them only have front warehouses, which cannot realize direct procurement from the place of origin at all.

　　Zhuang Shuai, founder of Bailian Consulting, believes that "wholesale-distribution" is the mainstream business model of community group buying enterprises. Compared with traditional e-commerce and "home" models, community group buying has a short inventory cycle, distribution does not require "single delivery", and warehousing management and logistics costs are relatively low, which is also the biggest advantage of community group buying. It is estimated that the warehousing and logistics costs of community group buying are at least half lower than those of traditional e-commerce.

　　Ben Ning, general manager of the operation center of the original life network, said that the meaning of direct procurement from the origin is that retailers break the traditional multi-layer circulation system and directly purchase products from the origin. If you choose direct procurement from the origin, then retailers need to bear all the risks of the circulation and sales of agricultural products, including the risk of inversion of the sales price and the purchase price. Therefore, few retailers actually carry out direct procurement from the origin.

　　The picture shows the pickup point of a community group buying platform in a supermarket in Beijing

　　Under the price advantage, can the bottom line of food safety be maintained?

　　Recently, there have been many discussions about the safety of community group buying food. Some netizens reported that they bought counterfeit and shoddy products from the community group buying platform, and the products they bought were expired, moldy, and the products were "short of weight".

　　Some netizens reported that they saw community group buying staff sorting out the expired products in the warehouse and repackaging them for sale. Some netizens searched according to the address of the manufacturer on the outer packaging of the food, but found that there was no manufacturer at all.

　　Industry insiders told reporters that in order to reduce the end point price of products, community e-commerce is competing to lower costs, coupled with relatively weak supervision and spot checks, which is the main reason for the frequent occurrence of food safety problems.

　　In interviews, some fruit and vegetable suppliers said that due to the serious price reduction of the platform, most high-end fruit and vegetable suppliers cannot cooperate with community e-commerce. Some suppliers may choose smaller, less glossy and lower-grade fruits and vegetables to supply to the platform.

　　A supplier of cold chain products told reporters that the quotation given to them by community e-commerce was lower than the cost price, and they could not cooperate at all. "At first, we didn’t understand why they could sell the price so low, but later found that some platforms bought temporary products, replaced them with their own packaging and resold them. Changing the packaging can be’flexible ‘for many things, and the origin and production date can be’blurred’."

　　"Our manufacturer does not allow the platform to change the outer packaging. But I know that many suppliers in the industry allow changes. When changing the packaging, the supplier will sign a contract with the platform, and if there is a problem with the product in the future, the platform will take full responsibility." A fresh products supplier said.

　　How can emerging business models innovate supervision? Guide the healthy development of the industry

　　Industry insiders said that community group buying, as an emerging business, has been much sought after by various capitals in recent years. Due to the lack of necessary supervision, the development of the industry has fallen into the dilemma of brutal growth and chaos. It is recommended to innovate the regulatory system and build a governance system involving the government, platforms and consumers to promote the healthy development of community group buying.

　　Pan Helin, executive dean of the Digital Economy Research Institute of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, believes that the "low price" and "excessive subsidy" of community group buying can be classified as unfair competition, and whether it is suspected of dumping can be judged by referring to the average price of market transactions. In terms of laws and regulations, our country has revised and improved the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in 2019. At present, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of market competition rules, promote the revision of the Antimonopoly Act, and speed up the introduction of anti-monopoly guidelines in the field of platform economy and online transaction supervision and management measures.

　　"In terms of food safety, it is appropriate to make it clear that the responsibility for food safety belongs to the platform side. As long as the responsible party is clear, the distribution area can supervise the quality of the goods, but in practice, it is also necessary to establish a convenient consumer feedback mechanism, such as handling food quality issues through consumer associations, because the trigger point for food safety is often not surprise inspections, but consumer complaints," Pan Helin said.

　　Li Yanchuan, chairperson of the joint stock company in Beijing, suggested that local regulators could increase sampling of food sold by community ecommerce. "Regulators will conduct sampling inspections of products sold in supermarkets every month. It is recommended to conduct sampling inspections of products sold by community ecommerce at the same frequency to implement the main responsibility of the platform."

　　Ma Liang, a researcher at the National Institute of Development and Strategy of Renmin University of China, believes that the supervision of community group buying needs to strengthen cross-departmental coordination and linkage to avoid fragmentation and fragmentation resulting in inefficient supervision.