爱上海419论坛-阿拉上海后花园419-夜上海最新论坛社区-上海品茶工作室

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 12th Question: In the next five years, social security, income distribution and pension will usher in six major changes.

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter Jiang Lin

　　Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently published the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Human Resources and Social Security on its website. The plan has made all-round arrangements for improving the social security system and deepening the reform of the income distribution system of enterprises and institutions. There are many policy breakthroughs, and a series of changes will take place in social security, pensions and wage income in the next five years.

　　[Change 1] Social security: The level of treatment will be steadily improved.

　　Social security benefits are linked to people’s life-saving money and pension money. The plan sets "steadily improving the level of social security benefits" as one of the main goals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Clear planning, promote the linkage adjustment of social insurance benefits and economic and social development, comprehensively consider factors such as price changes, average wage growth of employees, fund affordability and financial situation, improve the adjustment mechanism of employees’ basic old-age insurance and work-related injury insurance benefits, and improve the linkage mechanism of unemployment insurance protection standards and price increases.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from 2012 to 2020, the monthly per capita pension of enterprise employees increased from 1,686 yuan to about 2,900 yuan, and the national average monthly unemployment insurance premium level increased from 686 yuan to 1,506 yuan. This year, the basic pension for employees has achieved "17 consecutive rises", and the rising benefits have been paid in place recently, and it is expected to continue to rise in the future according to the planning requirements.

　　The plan also proposes to fully implement the basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents and the normal adjustment mechanism for basic pensions, gradually raise the basic pension standards for urban and rural residents, increase the coverage rate of enterprise annuities, and promote the development of individual pensions.

　　A series of new measures will continue to improve the "gold content" of social security and make the bottom line of people’s livelihood security more secure.

　　[Change 2] Income distribution: "Lowering and expanding" to narrow the gap.

　　Focusing on the requirement of more actively promoting common prosperity during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, we plan to make a package of policy arrangements according to different categories and circumstances.

　　For example, focus on non-public enterprises, improve the effectiveness of collective wage negotiation, and strive to increase the labor remuneration of front-line workers; Strengthen the prior guidance on the salary distribution of different industries and groups, and explore the release of salary distribution guidelines that reflect the characteristics of different industries and groups.

　　Institutions gradually realize the normal adjustment of the total performance pay, implement the separate performance pay for high-level talents, explore the incentive and restraint mechanism of income distribution for major leaders, deepen the reform of the salary system in public hospitals, promote the reform of the salary system in universities and research institutes, and improve the salary and welfare policies for firefighters.

　　State-owned enterprises generally implement full performance management, establish a salary system for core key talents with market competitive advantages, and promote the distribution to talents who have made outstanding contributions and front-line key positions.

　　The plan also plans to continuously increase the proportion of middle-income groups, focusing on graduates from universities and vocational colleges, skilled workers, small and micro entrepreneurs, and migrant workers.

　　Experts said that these arrangements reflect a general trend, that is, in the next few years, the government will strengthen the regulation and guidance of wage income distribution in enterprises and institutions, and narrow the income gap by "lowering the income and expanding the income" to make more ordinary people’s "money bags" bulge.

　　[Change 3] Pension: gradually increase the minimum payment period.

　　According to the Social Insurance Law, individuals who participate in the basic old-age insurance will receive the basic old-age pension on a monthly basis if they have accumulated contributions for fifteen years when they reach the statutory retirement age. However, with the deepening of population aging, this provision will be adjusted during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　The plan proposes to gradually increase the minimum payment period for receiving basic old-age pension and revise the number of months for calculating individual accounts for basic old-age insurance for employees.

　　"These are all made by the state to ensure the balance of pensions ‘ Combination boxing ’ It is an inevitable measure in the context of China’s aging. " Zheng Bingwen, director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.

　　According to Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security’s estimation, the number of new retirees will exceed 40 million during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the working-age population will decrease by 35 million.

　　Zheng Bingwen said that appropriately increasing the minimum payment period, paying more and getting more pensions will be beneficial to improving the replacement rate of individual pensions and the sustainability of the system.

　　Experts said that the increase in the minimum payment period has little impact on employees of enterprises and institutions, mainly affecting flexible employees. The latter is completely paid by itself, and it is common to pay according to the minimum age. The final increase of several years needs to be determined according to the average employment years of Chinese workers.

　　[Change 4] Work-related injury insurance for flexible employees: Take-away riders will no longer be "streaking"

　　Authoritative data show that the number of flexible employees in China has reached 200 million, and the number of workers in new employment forms has increased significantly in recent years. In 2020, the number of people providing services in the sharing economy will be about 84 million. However, according to the current regulations, the relationship between flexible employees and employees is unstable, and it is impossible to obtain institutional guarantees such as work injury insurance and unemployment insurance.

　　In view of these pain points and difficult problems, the plan proposes to establish and improve the labor rights protection mechanism for workers in new employment forms; Formulate pilot measures for occupational injury protection and promote the pilot of occupational injury protection for flexible employees on the platform; Release the household registration restrictions for flexible employees to participate in social insurance in their places of employment.

　　"Filling in the shortcomings of security in time and improving the systems of employment, labor remuneration, social insurance and skills training will not only help safeguard the labor rights and interests of workers in new employment forms, but also help promote flexible employment and increase jobs and people’s income." Zhang Chenggang, director of the New Employment Form Research Center in China, capital university of economics and business, said.

　　According to the deployment of relevant departments, the next step will be to clarify the responsibility of Internet platform enterprises to protect the rights and interests of workers, and provide fair protection for flexible employees on the platform that is generally consistent with the treatment of work-related injury insurance, so that take-away riders will no longer be "streaking".

　　[Change 5] Work-related injury insurance for civil servants and public employees: to achieve wide coverage and full inclusion.

　　It is another new requirement of this plan to realize the wide coverage of industrial injury insurance policy to professional workers and bring all civil servants and staff of organs (units) managed according to the civil service law into the industrial injury insurance system.

　　It is understood that China’s industrial injury insurance system was gradually established on the basis of the "Trial Measures for Industrial Injury Insurance for Enterprise Employees" in the 1990 s. Civil servants and public employees were not included in it at first. If they were injured due to work reasons, they were mainly given pensions and preferential treatment by the civil affairs departments with reference to the corresponding regulations.

　　However, the coverage of pension and preferential treatment is narrower than that of industrial injury protection. Civil servants and public employees who encounter traffic accidents that are not their main responsibility on their way to and from work, sudden death at work or occupational diseases may not be effectively guaranteed.

　　In order to promote civil servants to participate in social insurance according to law and enjoy insurance benefits in accordance with state regulations, in recent years, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has actively supported and encouraged all localities to include civil servants in the scope of industrial injury insurance. Up to now, more than 20 provinces in China have incorporated civil servants into the industrial injury insurance system as a whole, and some cities in other provinces have also carried out pilot work of civil servants participating in industrial injury insurance.

　　According to the plan, in addition to achieving full coverage of civil servants and public employees, China will also study and improve the relevant systems and supporting measures for industrial injury insurance, focusing on high-risk industries, and continue to expand the coverage of industrial injury insurance, so that the number of people participating in industrial injury insurance will increase from 268 million at the end of 2020 to 280 million in 2025.

　　[Change 6] Protection of workers’ rest rights and interests: improve the system of working hours, rest and vacation.

　　In view of the problems of enterprises working overtime and forced work in bad weather, the plan responds to social concerns, proposes to improve the working hours, rest and vacation system, and specially deploys and carries out the management of outstanding employment problems in key industries.

　　"With the increasing number of non-standard labor relations, it is urgent to make more careful and scientific arrangements for the working hours of workers in new employment forms to safeguard the rights and interests of workers." Su Hainan, a special researcher in china association for labour studies, said.

　　Many experts believe that Internet platform enterprises should be urged to reasonably determine the longest online hours or working hours per day and arrange breaks. At the same time, strengthen labor supervision and law enforcement to provide basic rights and interests protection for workers with flexible employment and new employment forms.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Transport and other departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Protecting the Legal Rights and Interests of Courier Groups", explicitly requiring relevant parties to study and formulate the labor quota standards for couriers, determine the minimum labor remuneration standards for couriers and the annual labor remuneration increase, and implement the paid vacation system for courier companies.

　　(Reporter Shao Mingliang, all-media reporter of Sichuan Daily, Li Miao) On July 12th, the second joint meeting of provincial river and lake chiefs in the Yellow River Basin was held. The meeting was held by video, with the main venue in Chengdu and sub-venues in the Yellow River Conservancy Commission and other eight provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin. Huang Qiang, the rotating convener of the joint meeting, deputy secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and governor, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech at the main venue in Chengdu.

　　At the meeting, Cai Rangtai, member of the Standing Committee of Qinghai Provincial Party Committee and Vice Governor, Hu Yun, Vice Governor of Sichuan Province, Xu Yanwen, Deputy Secretary General of Gansu Provincial Government, Mai Yanzhou, member of the Standing Committee of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Party Committee and Vice President of the District Government, Chibatu, Vice Governor of Shanxi Province, Yang Qinrong, Vice Governor of Shaanxi Province, Xu Mingfei, Vice Governor of Henan Province, and Chen Ping, Vice Governor of Shandong Province made exchange speeches; Zhou Haiyan, director of the office of the joint meeting and deputy director of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, made a report on the work of the joint meeting. The meeting reviewed and approved the Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Yellow River Protection Law in the Yellow River Basin and the Guiding Opinions on the Construction of Village-level Rivers and Lakes Management and Protection System in the Yellow River Basin.

　　In his speech, Huang Qiang said that in recent years, Sichuan has firmly established its upstream awareness, shouldered upstream responsibilities, unswervingly followed the road of ecological priority and green development, strived to build a business card of the world’s most beautiful plateau wetland national park, and constantly consolidated the ecological background of "beautiful Sichuan". The achievement of these stages lies in the scientific guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, thanks to the care and guidance of the Ministry of Water Resources, the Yellow River Water Resources Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Finance and other ministries, and inseparable from the support and help of the provinces (regions) along the Yellow River.

　　Huang Qiang said that in 1952, Chairman Mao issued a great call to "do a good job in the Yellow River". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has personally planned, personally deployed and personally promoted the national major development strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, emphasizing "making the Yellow River a river of happiness for the benefit of the people". The Law on the Protection of the Yellow River, which came into effect on April 1 this year, has opened a new chapter in the history of the Chinese nation’s management of the Yellow River. As a province along the Yellow River, we should take the political responsibility of "consistency", thoroughly implement the Yellow River Protection Law, and resolutely safeguard the An Lan of the Yellow River; With the effective action of "grasping to the end", we will build a compact minimum work unit and strive to improve the appearance of grass-roots rivers and lakes; With the struggle spirit of "promoting as one", iron core arrangement, iron surface inspection and iron fist law enforcement will vigorously promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin; With the "as always" linkage and cooperation, give full play to the role of the joint meeting mechanism, promote the great protection and governance in all directions in the whole basin, and jointly sing the "Yellow River Chorus" in the new era.

　　Chen Dayong, director of the Department of Rivers and Lakes Management of the Ministry of Water Resources and director of the River Chief Office, attended the meeting and delivered a speech at the main venue. He pointed out that in recent years, under the strong leadership of the State Council of the CPC Central Committee, the provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin have promoted the long-term system of rivers and lakes to take root, and the management and protection of rivers and lakes in the Yellow River Basin have opened up a new situation, and the appearance of rivers and lakes has continued to improve. He emphasized that this year is the first year to fully implement the Yellow River Protection Law. Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we should accurately grasp the new situation and new tasks, strengthen the implementation of long-term responsibility of rivers and lakes, assessment, incentive, supervision and inspection, legal management of institutional mechanisms and scientific and technological support, spatial control of water shoreline and construction of Happy Rivers and Lakes, and constantly improve the modernization level of management and protection, making new and greater contributions to the sustainable utilization of rivers and lakes and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

　　Relevant units of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, responsible comrades of the nine provinces (regions) along the Yellow River, etc.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Moscow, June 25th Hot question and answer: Why can the tension caused by Wagner incident be quickly eased?

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　On the evening of June 24th, Prigozhin, the founder of Wagner Organization, a Russian private military entity, accepted the proposal of Belarusian President Lukashenko to stop the organization’s operations in Russia and take further measures to ease tensions. Members of Wagner organization stopped marching in Russia and turned around and returned to the field camp. Members of Wagner organization and heavy equipment completely left the area where the headquarters of the southern Russian military region was located late at night on the 24th.

　　The Wagner organization was suspected of inciting rebellion late at night on the 23rd, which caused tension in Russia. On the evening of 24th, the tense situation eased. How did this happen?

　　Russian President’s Statement Shocks Rebels

　　On June 24th, Russian President Vladimir Putin delivered a televised speech (video screenshot). Xinhua news agency

　　The key node to ease the Wagner incident was the televised speech delivered by Russian President Vladimir Putin on the 24th.

　　Putin said that the act of splitting and uniting is essentially a betrayal of the people and their comrades fighting at the front line, and a stab in the back for the country and the people. The rebel organizers betrayed Russia and will be punished for it. Putin urged "those who were dragged into this crime to stop participating in criminal actions."

　　Russian public opinion generally believes that Putin’s characterization of this incident shows his "firm determination to safeguard national unity, which has greatly shocked the rebel participants and shaken their will."

　　Bashirov, a Russian political analyst, believes that some Wagner members "did not voluntarily participate in the rebellion". "After President Putin clearly pointed out that this was a rebellion, they found themselves misled, and the president’s speech played an important role in solving the problem".

　　俄国防部通过媒体呼吁瓦格纳组织成员不要参与叛乱。俄国防部说，许多该组织成员意识到自己的错误并请求帮助，所有求助者已得到必要帮助，俄国防部将确保所有人的安全。

　　“20年老友”出面调停

　　6月24日，在俄罗斯顿河畔罗斯托夫，坦克准备撤离（视频截图）。新华社发（弗拉基米尔摄）

　　莫斯科时间24日20时许，媒体相继报道瓦格纳事件转折性一幕：普里戈任接受白俄罗斯总统卢卡申科有关停止瓦格纳组织在俄境内行动并采取进一步措施缓和紧张局势的建议。

　　这一消息随即得到普里戈任本人及俄方证实。俄罗斯罗斯托夫州州长戈卢别夫在社交媒体上发文说，瓦格纳组织成员已撤出顿河畔罗斯托夫并前往其野战营地。至此事件趋于缓和。

　　克里姆林宫方面说，卢卡申科自愿参与调停，“因为他同普里戈任有20年交情”，俄方尊重卢卡申科为调停瓦格纳事件付出的努力。

　　俄舆论普遍认为，普京保证普里戈任能够前往白俄罗斯并将撤销对其刑事立案，参与24日行动的瓦格纳组织成员不会被起诉，未参加叛乱的瓦格纳组织成员可与俄国防部签订合同等，这些都是能达成和解的重要前提。

　　Russian military expert Shurygin believes that with the development of the situation, it is extremely necessary for both sides to reach a settlement: for Putin, it is important not to let confrontation turn into bloodshed, and it is even more impossible to take military action to destroy military organizations with combat effectiveness; For Prigozhin, his radical actions have "cornered" himself and left him in a desperate situation, so it is equally necessary for him to reach a settlement.

　　Russian public opinion "one-sided" condemned the rebellion

　　On June 24th, in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, local residents stood beside armored vehicles (video screenshot). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Vladimir)

　　Russian public opinion believes that social pressure is also an important factor in Prigozhin’s final compromise. Representatives, politicians and religious leaders from all over Russia strongly condemned the incident and made it clear that they stood on the side of the Russian federal government and stability and peace.

　　After Putin defined the behavior of Wagner members as rebellion, rogozin, the former president of Russian National Aerospace Corporation, warned Prigozhin on social media not to help the enemy, but to "fully support the front". Kozhemyako, the chief executive of Primorsky Territory of Russia, issued a statement calling on Wagner members to be "sober" and "not to commit crimes that will be regretted".

　　Batulin, a Russian political critic, believes that this incident lacks the support of the public and social elites, and all sectors of Russian society generally trust Putin. "Internal differences cannot shake the foundation of the Russian state." (Note holder: Chen Chang, Hua Di)

　　CCTV News:Primary schools will cook three meals a day and arrange family travel plans; Junior high school will cook soup and make double skin milk; High school can manage money and pass the toilet … … On May 27th, Guangzhou Education Bureau issued "Guiding Opinions of Guangzhou Education Bureau on Strengthening Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools (Kindergartens)" and "Guiding Outline of Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in Guangzhou", which clarified the labor skills and labor education objectives of primary and secondary school students of different ages.

　　　　Smuggling is a kind of illegal and criminal behavior that transcends national boundaries, and it is the object of joint attack by the international community. Fully understanding the serious harm of smuggling and persisting in the anti-smuggling struggle are not only the fundamental requirements for safeguarding the interests of the country and the people, but also the important conditions for maintaining the healthy development of the national economy.
　　　　In recent years, the whole country has actively carried out the anti-smuggling struggle, done a lot of work and achieved remarkable results. Especially after the National Conference on Combating Smuggling in July 1998, all localities launched a massive joint action, concentrated their efforts on investigating a number of major cases and severely punished a number of smugglers, thus effectively curbing the smuggling activities of key commodities, key areas and key channels. According to statistics, the tariff revenue in 1999 was 1,590.6 billion yuan, an increase of 809% over the previous year; In 2000, it reached a record high, reaching 22,421.7 billion yuan, an increase of 40.96% over the previous year; From January to July this year, the tariff revenue was 14,481.4 billion yuan, an increase of 22.29% over the same period last year. This fully shows that through this special struggle, the once rampant smuggling activities have been dealt a strong blow and the import and export order has obviously improved.
　　　　While cracking down on smuggling has made great achievements, we should also see some new characteristics of current smuggling activities: local regionalization and "ant moving" smuggling are quite prominent; Productive raw materials such as textiles, chemical raw materials, refined oil, steel, edible oil and automobiles, communication equipment and cigarettes have become the focus of smuggling; Reselling materials and bonded goods has become a hot spot of smuggling; In the process of import and export of goods, container hiding, transit transportation, false reporting and concealment have become important ways of smuggling; Legal person smuggling is still repeatedly prohibited; Gang smuggling has a clear division of labor, forming a private goods market and sales network; There are more subtle and cunning ways, such as "caisson" dragging, adding floors to the bottom of the ship and organizing "water passengers" entrainment. Group smuggling and looting of private goods occur from time to time.
　　　　The above situation shows that although smuggling activities have been severely cracked down, they are still going on and constantly changing their methods, and there is a hidden danger of resurgence. We must pay attention to this and take effective measures to strengthen comprehensive management.
　　　　We should fully understand the significance of cracking down on smuggling. Combating smuggling is not only an economic issue, but also related to safeguarding national sovereignty. Tariff is an important aspect of national sovereignty. Overflow of smuggling is contempt for state sovereignty, and its consequences will inevitably undermine the implementation of state laws and regulations, encourage selfish departmentalism and decentralism in some localities and units, and damage the unity and integrity of state sovereignty. Secondly, combating smuggling is the need to maintain the overall situation of reform, development and stability. Smuggling can also induce other criminal offences and endanger social stability. Smuggling is closely linked with corruption, which protects smuggling and encourages it, thus corrupting the ranks of cadres and corrupting the social atmosphere. Third, combating smuggling is the need to maintain the order of the socialist market economy. Smuggling activities disrupt the market order, evade taxes, attack law-abiding enterprises, and undermine import and export management policies and fair competition environment. Therefore, combating smuggling is an objective requirement to improve the socialist market economic system.
　　　　We should persistently crack down on illegal and criminal smuggling activities. Because smuggling has complex economic, social and ideological roots, it can’t be solved overnight. In this regard, we should not only establish the idea of long-term operations, but also focus on cracking down on smuggling activities in the new situation. At present, we need to intensify our efforts in the following aspects.
　　　　First, we should focus on import and export trade channels and areas with frequent smuggling cases, and strengthen anti-smuggling work in accordance with the idea of combining crackdown with prevention. Fighting and prevention complement each other, and fighting is a palliative, focusing on afterwards; Prevention is the root cause, and it is important in advance. Only by combining attack with prevention and treating both the symptoms and the root causes can the occurrence of smuggling be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually establish a law-abiding evaluation system for transit transport enterprises, improve the supervision system, and check and block activities such as unauthorized domestic sales, false verification, false reporting of commodity names, quantity, price, smuggling and smuggling of smuggled goods.
　　　　The second is to strengthen the construction of anti-smuggling institutions and law enforcement teams. Efficient anti-smuggling agencies and high-quality law enforcement teams are important conditions for effectively cracking down on smuggling. To this end, it is necessary to further rationalize the functions of customs, public security, border defense and various regions in combating smuggling activities, clarify the division of labor, support each other, strengthen coordination, form a joint force, and strive to avoid multiple political affairs and shirk each other; It is necessary to do a good job in training, constantly improve the political and professional quality of law enforcement personnel, purify the interior, and severely punish and eliminate corrupt elements; It is necessary to further improve transportation and communication equipment and raise the level of technical equipment. Anti-smuggling is a law enforcement behavior of public officials to perform their functions and safeguard national interests. The necessary funding guarantee is an important prerequisite for fair, honest and effective law enforcement. It is necessary to increase financial input to ensure the need for funds for handling cases. Units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in cracking down on smuggling should be rewarded. At the same time, the provisions of "two lines of revenue and expenditure" must be strictly implemented, and all confiscated income should be turned over to the state treasury, and various forms of revenue and expenditure linkage should be resolutely corrected, so that the anti-smuggling work can eliminate the interference driven by interests.
　　　　The third is to strengthen information and intelligence work. Accurate and timely information is an important condition for the effectiveness of the anti-smuggling work. It is necessary to take information technology as a means to strengthen supervision, establish an electronic monitoring system and realize national networking and inter-departmental interconnection as soon as possible, so that information can be exchanged and shared.
　　　　The fourth is to further mobilize the masses. Relying on the masses is an important guarantee for the effectiveness of anti-smuggling work. It is necessary to carry out anti-smuggling education in the whole society, so that the broad masses of the people can understand the serious harm of smuggling and realize that it is illegal and criminal to tip off information to smugglers, so as to raise the anti-smuggling awareness of the whole people, and everyone consciously resists and actively reports smuggling activities, creating a good social atmosphere for cracking down on smuggling. At the same time, it is necessary to seriously accept reports from the masses, establish a reward system for reporting, improve the reward methods for reporting, and reward those who report meritorious deeds and keep them strictly confidential.
　　　　Fifth, it is necessary to intensify the crackdown and severely punish illegal and criminal smuggling activities. It is an important means to effectively curb smuggling activities to severely punish smuggling criminals according to law. It is necessary to continue to maintain the high-pressure situation of cracking down on smuggling, and resolutely stop the phenomenon that some localities and departments pay more attention to things than arresting people, hide cases, and substitute punishment for punishment. We should continue to concentrate our efforts on cracking down on a number of major cases involving a wide range, huge amounts, bad influence and serious harm, and severely punish a number of ringleaders and recidivists of smuggling activities according to law. It is necessary to intensify the crackdown in accordance with the law, so that smugglers will be punished as they deserve, which will really play a deterrent role. Those who collude with smugglers and act as umbrellas in state organs should be investigated to the end and will not be tolerated. Those who violate discipline should be dealt with seriously, and those who violate the criminal law must be investigated for criminal responsibility.
　　　　The sixth is to improve legislation. At present, the smuggling activities of "ants moving" are getting worse and worse, which is the countermeasures taken by smugglers to evade the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. To curb the spread of this situation, it is necessary to properly adjust the starting point of smuggling tax evasion, so that smugglers have no time to drill.
　　　　Seventh, we should further study the laws of smuggling activities at home and abroad. To combat smuggling activities, it is necessary to strengthen pertinence and foresight, reduce blindness and randomness, pay attention to summing up anti-smuggling experience, study the characteristics and laws of the sources of smuggled goods, trafficking channels and tools, trading links, improve archives, pay attention to case accumulation, and do a good job in analysis and research, so as to make anti-smuggling work more active, more prominent, more diverse in methods and more obvious in effect.

Original title: Strive to build a pioneering area for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin (following the footsteps of the General Secretary, Ningxia)

　　On the south of the Yangtze River, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and this fertile soil nourished by the Yellow River is full of vitality.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has visited Ningxia twice and delivered important speeches, giving important instructions to Ningxia’s work many times, which has pointed out the way forward and provided fundamental follow-up for building a beautiful new Ningxia.

　　Bearing in mind that the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader earnestly entrusted the broad masses of cadres and people in Ningxia to undertake the mission of ecological protection and high-quality development pioneer area construction in the Yellow River Basin, work hard in unity, and strive to continue to build a beautiful new Ningxia with economic prosperity, national unity, beautiful environment and rich people.

　　Make overall plans to promote ecological protection, restoration and environmental governance.

　　In summer, walking in the ancient city bay of Wuzhong Riverside Avenue in the Yellow River, I saw lush vegetation and waterfowl flying.

　　Wuzhong, which is located on the bank of the Yellow River, is an important area in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District. The Yellow River passes through the territory and flows through Wuzhong for 69 kilometers.

　　In June, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out during his inspection tour in Ningxia that the long-term stability of the Yellow River should be taken as the top priority, comprehensive river and beach management projects should be implemented, cross-strait dikes, river channel control and beach management should be promoted as a whole, water resources should be used sparingly and intensively, ecological protection and restoration and environmental management should be promoted as a whole, and efforts should be made to build a pioneering area for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

　　Bearing in mind the entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, wuzhong cherishes the Yellow River more, takes good care of it, and insists on comprehensive management, systematic management and source management. "Based on the implementation of dike construction, river regulation, beach management, ecological restoration and other projects in previous years, we have further promoted the implementation of the river and lake length system, and 753 rivers, ditches and 84 lakes in the city have achieved full coverage of four levels of rivers and lakes in cities, counties and villages, and established a joint law enforcement mechanism for protecting the Yellow River with the participation of water affairs, public security and procuratorial departments." Su Xiaoli, director of wuzhong Water Affairs Bureau, said.

　　In order to enhance the ecosystem function of the Yellow River wetland and improve the ecological environment of the river basin, in recent years, wuzhong has implemented more than 30 key ecological management projects such as wetland protection and restoration, successively restoring and managing 32 kilometers of river wetlands and 17 lake wetlands, and restoring more than 40,000 mu of degraded wetlands.

　　"The improvement of wetland ecological function has created a good environment for migratory birds to thrive, and rare birds such as black storks have begun to come here ‘ Anjia ’ 。” Li Xueming, a staff member of the Wetland Protection and Management Center of wuzhong Natural Resources Bureau, said.

　　"The river is clear, the scenery is beautiful, and we have lived a happy life with the Yellow River." Ding Zihong, a villager from Qinbaguan Village, Jinji Town, Litong District, Wuzhong City, grew up by the Yellow River. Now he is responsible for environmental sanitation and cleaning on both sides of the ancient city bay for about 10 kilometers.

　　In 2020, Ningxia completed the second flood control project in Ningxia section of the Yellow River, realizing the transformation from decentralized emergency prevention to comprehensive management. Water pollution control has achieved remarkable results. In the past five years, the water quality of the exit section of Ningxia section of the Yellow River has remained stable at Class II.

　　Under the Helan Mountain in summer, the vineyards are endless, and the farmers who are pruning are busy in their hands and smiling on their faces.

　　Helan Mountain is an important physical and geographical dividing line in China and an important ecological security barrier in northwest China, which maintains the climate distribution and ecological pattern from northwest to Huanghuai area and guards the ecological security in northwest and north China.

　　In July 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that Ningxia is an important ecological security barrier in the northwest region, and it is necessary to vigorously strengthen the construction of green barriers. In June 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out during his inspection tour in Ningxia that it is necessary to strengthen the top-level design, pay close attention to the implementation of responsibilities, strengthen supervision and inspection, and resolutely protect the ecology of Helan Mountain.

　　The "Shitanjing" tourist train from Yinchuan to Rujigou galloped along the foot of Helan Mountain. This green leather train, which has a history of more than half a century’s operation, was once prosperous because of coal, but now it is booming because of eco-industrial tourism.

　　"A few years ago, I didn’t dare to open the window casually, or I would have to eat a mouthful of black coal ash, and my white shirt would turn gray. Now the mines on the mountain are gone, and the roads are full of lush, and tourists are gradually increasing. " Li Jing, a train conductor who has worked for many years, is also amazed at the changes in the ecological environment of Helan Mountain.

　　Helan Mountain is rich in coal and other mineral resources, but once the ecosystem was destroyed due to disorderly mining. Since 2016, Ningxia has comprehensively carried out the renovation and restoration of the ecological environment of Helan Mountain, and has completed the renovation and restoration of 40 points in Helan Mountain Nature Reserve, and promoted the environmental management of 11 mining areas outside the reserve.

　　In the past five years, Ningxia has invested nearly 15 billion yuan in ecological protection and restoration of Helan Mountain, covering an area of 405,000 mu and withdrawing 16 million tons of coal production capacity.

　　Since 2021, Ningxia has gradually restored the natural ecological function of Helan Mountain through measures such as comprehensive management of mine geological environment. The ecological protection and restoration of Helan Mountain was included in the key project of the whole region during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. At present, 16 ecological restoration projects and 50 sub-projects have been started, covering an area of 340,000 mu, and 450,000 mu of forest corridors, farmland forest networks and economic forest belts have been built.

　　"To implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, Ningxia will continue to implement ecological protection, governance, restoration and construction projects with special planning as the starting point, continuously improve the ecological environment quality of Helan Mountain and build an ecological security barrier." Cui Qipeng, director of the Department of Land and Space Ecological Restoration of the Natural Resources Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, said.

　　Persevere in promoting high-quality development

　　In Xixia District, Yinchuan City, there are many tourists in the grape plantation of Yuanshi Winery. It’s hard to imagine that this was an abandoned mine goaf 10 years ago.

　　On June 9, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the grape plantation during an inspection tour in Ningxia, and communicated with the workers and technicians who were working to learn about grape planting technology, product sales and income. The general secretary stressed that with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the wine industry has great prospects.

　　"In the past two years, we have combined the development of the wine industry with the strengthening of ecological restoration, and strived to build a well-known brand, and our business has become more and more prosperous." Yuan Yuan, general manager of Yuanshi Winery, said.

　　In July 2021, Ningxia National Comprehensive Experimental Zone for the Open Development of Grape and Wine Industry was established. Taking the construction of the comprehensive experimental area as a major opportunity, Ningxia has made great efforts to build the wine industry into a pillar industry with high quality development. Last year, the comprehensive output value of Ningxia wine industry reached 30 billion yuan.

　　Helan County, Yinchuan City, covers an area of 3,600 mu of rice and fishing space. In the rural ecological sightseeing park, the breeze is light and the rice seedlings are swaying. The workers are putting fish and crabs in the field, which attracts many tourists.

　　On June 9, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came here to listen to reports on the development of modern agriculture in Ningxia, the operation mode of agricultural cooperatives driving farmers to increase their income and get rich, watch the display of characteristic agricultural products in Ningxia, and understand the innovative practices of integrated development of rice, fishery and breeding industries. The general secretary emphasized that promoting agricultural transformation and development is the proper meaning of Ningxia’s promotion of high-quality development. Ningxia should cherish the water resources of the Yellow River, pay attention to solving the contradiction between rice and water, adjust the agricultural industrial structure, and actively develop water-saving and high value-added breeding industry.

　　"In addition to planting rice in the farmland, fish, crabs and ducks are also raised to achieve multi-use of one water and multi-harvest in one field." Zhang Qinghua, director of planting in the park, said that taking the road of integration of agriculture and tourism, the income of the park last year was 18.8 million yuan, driving more than 100 farmers to increase their income by more than 30,000 yuan per capita.

　　Helan County is located in the Yellow River Irrigation District. By popularizing and applying water-saving facilities and technologies such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and intelligent sluice, in 2021, the county will save 31.1 million cubic meters of agricultural irrigation water.

　　Implementing the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, Ningxia adheres to the principle of measuring water and giving priority to water conservation. At the end of last year, it issued the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the control and control of water rights. By controlling the total amount, sending indicators to counties, printing water use warrants, and building a trading platform, it has formed a mechanism in which indicators of production water and surplus indicators can be traded, achieving rigid constraints on the use of water resources with a rigid system, and striving to use precious water resources in the cutting edge.

　　At present, the irrigated farmland with high efficiency and water saving in Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area has exceeded 4 million mu, accounting for more than half of the irrigated farmland. Ningxia plans to gradually standardize the water supply channels and drainage works in irrigation areas in about 10 years, and it is expected to save 560 million cubic meters of agricultural water during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　In June 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Ningxia that it is necessary to persistently promote high-quality development, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading, accelerate the transformation of old and new kinetic energy, and promote the rational growth and steady improvement of economic development.

　　Black and shiny coal can be transformed into oil and natural gas, and can also be transformed into white aramid fabric. The story of modern coal chemical industry changing coal from fuel to raw material is constantly being interpreted in Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base in the vast sea in the east of Yinchuan.

　　On July 19th, 2016, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base, he pointed out that it is of strategic significance to build such an energy and chemical industry base in western China, especially to build the largest single coal-to-oil project in the world. We should make persistent efforts, strive for perfection, strictly control technology, quality, safety and environmental protection, and complete the construction task on time with good quality and quantity.

　　On December 21, 2016, the coal-to-liquid project in Ningdong Base was successfully commissioned. The oil product line A of the 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction project opened the whole process to produce qualified oil products, realizing the transformation of coal from black to white and resources from heavy to light, and the industry was successfully transformed and upgraded.

　　A few days later, to the surprise of the R&D team, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made an important instruction on the completion and commissioning of the project: "The completion and commissioning of this major project is of great significance to enhancing China’s independent energy security capability, promoting clean and efficient use of coal, and promoting the development of ethnic minority areas. It is a useful exploration of the safe, efficient, clean and low-carbon development mode of energy and an important achievement in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy."

　　Bearing in mind the entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the cadres and workers of Ningdong Base are determined to forge ahead and create new achievements. Today’s Ningdong base has gathered a number of world-class projects and built three industrial clusters: coal-to-liquids, coal-based olefins and fine chemicals. At present, there are more than 200 enterprises entering the park, and the modern industrial system in which emerging industries such as new materials, new energy, electronic materials, energy conservation and environmental protection complement each other and develop harmoniously has become the main power source and stabilizer for Ningxia’s economic growth.

　　In 2021, Ningxia achieved new results in promoting high-quality development, and the emerging kinetic energy accelerated. The added value of industrial high-tech manufacturing industry above designated size in the whole region increased by 22.5% year-on-year, and the added value of equipment manufacturing industry increased by 12.7% year-on-year, which was 14.5 and 4.7 percentage points higher than that of all industrial enterprises above designated size respectively. Renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind power and solar energy generated 48.52 billion kWh, up 37.7% year-on-year. The Internet economy developed rapidly, with the annual online retail sales of 30.28 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 46%.

　　Promote the effective connection between comprehensive poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy

　　Driving on the broad asphalt road under Liupanshan Mountain, the countryside and the green hills and trees set each other off. After several turns, Yangling Village arrived.

　　On July 18, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Yangling Village, Dawan Township, Jingyuan County, Guyuan City in the rain to inspect the poverty alleviation work. In the home of poor household Mark Jun, the General Secretary learned in detail about the formulation and implementation of poverty alleviation measures. When talking with the villagers’ representatives, the villagers’ representatives talked about the remarkable changes in water, electricity, roads and industrial development in the village in recent years.

　　"From housing, facilities and cowshed to employment, income, schooling, medical treatment and public services, the general secretary asked very carefully, and the villagers were warm." Mark Jun is still fresh in his memory.

　　In Yangling village, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that good days are obtained through hard work. Developing industry is the fundamental strategy to get rid of poverty. It is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and take the cultivation of industries as the fundamental way to promote poverty alleviation.

　　In recent years, the beef cattle industry in Yangling Village has flourished. After 90, Liu Jianren came to Yangling Village from Yinchuan to build a beef cattle farm. Last year, he helped villagers sell 1,500 high-quality calves through the online platform.

　　Mark Jun entrusted three cows in his family to the farming park in the village for custody and received dividends every year. After the renovation of his old house, he opened the "Laoma Teahouse" with an annual income of 10,000 yuan.

　　"In 2016, the per capita net income of our village was 6,960 yuan, reaching 12,652 yuan at the end of last year, nearly doubling." Yang Jie, secretary of the Party branch of Yangling Village, said that there are currently 1,100 cows and more than 1,000 sheep in the village, with an annual output value of 30 million yuan.

　　In June 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Ningxia that it is necessary to consolidate and enhance the achievements of poverty alleviation, maintain the overall stability of existing policies, and promote the effective connection between comprehensive poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategies.

　　To implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, Ningxia invested 2 billion yuan this year to support the development of advantageous industries with rural characteristics, and the proportion of rural revitalization funds used for industrial development was not less than 55%. We will support key counties in rural revitalization and concentrated resettlement areas to develop agricultural industries with agricultural characteristics, and develop characteristic courtyard economy such as "small planting, small farming, small pastoral, small processing, small business and small residential accommodation" according to local conditions to ensure that more than 40% of the income of people out of poverty comes from industries.

　　June 8th is an unforgettable day for people in Hongde Village, Hongsibao District, wuzhong. On June 8, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Hongde Village and listened to the introduction of poverty alleviation in Ningxia and Hongde Village in the courtyard of the village poverty alleviation workshop. The general secretary pointed out that the purpose of setting up poverty alleviation workshops is to help the poor, and it is necessary to adhere to the nature of poverty alleviation, lean toward the people in need, and recruit more people in need for employment. Villagers are employed at home, although their income is not higher than that of migrant workers, but they can save accommodation, food, transportation and other expenses, and they can also take care of their families, killing two birds with one stone.

　　"Now, the village has developed industries such as beef cattle breeding and day lily planting. My son works in a nearby beef cattle breeding garden, and the family earns 90,000 yuan a year." Talking about the good days at the moment, villager Liu Kerui smiled.

　　The eight characters "Fujian-Ningxia cooperation, Dehua aid construction" are hung above the external wall of the poverty alleviation workshop in Hongde Village. In the poverty alleviation workshop, dozens of villagers are installing plastic handles for packaging cartons. "Now the workers engaged in technical jobs in the workshop earn three or four thousand yuan a month, and the villagers who get paid by piece can also earn about 1000 yuan every month." Xu Ling, the person in charge of the workshop, introduced.

　　In the past two years, the infrastructure of Hongde Village has been gradually improved and the industrial structure has been continuously optimized. In 2021, the village collective economic income exceeded 1.4 million yuan, and the per capita net income of villagers reached 12,500 yuan.

　　In recent years, Ningxia has intensified its efforts to cultivate and expand leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, and radiation has driven the revitalization of rural industries. This year, the "Thirteen Policies and Measures on Further Promoting Farmers’ Income" issued by Ningxia proposed that there were more than 70 agricultural products processing enterprises with operating income exceeding 100 million yuan in the whole region, and the processing conversion rate reached over 72%.

　　Strive for a new journey and build a new era. The main responsible comrades of the Party Committee of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region said that they should thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important speech and important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary in inspecting Ningxia, undertake the mission and task, work hard and persevere, and strive to write a magnificent chapter in building a beautiful new Ningxia with socialist modernization in an all-round way.

　　(Reporter Li Zenghui, Zhang Wen, Liu Feng, Yan Limin, Qin Ruijie)

　　CCTV News:With the spread of the epidemic around the world, experts from all over the world have also taken measures to fight the epidemic.

　　On the 6th, Michael Ryan, Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergency Project, said in Geneva that there was no evidence that Covid-19 would disappear by itself in summer.

　　For COVID-19, people’s cognition is still gradually updated. Who is the high risk group of COVID-19 infection? Is the older you get, the higher the risk of infection? The US media made an analysis.

　　Memmit Oz, a professor and doctor at Columbia University, USA:According to our analysis of the data of China CDC, the mortality rate will double for every 10-year-old increase after 60 years old, so the mortality rate is 4% between 60 and 69 years old and 8% between 70 and 79 years old. If you are over 80 years old, the mortality rate is 15%, that is, one in every seven people will die. For young and healthy people, there is no need to panic.

　　What are the risk factors besides age?

　　Memmit Oz, a professor and doctor at Columbia University, USA:The first major risk factors are cardiovascular disease and arteriosclerosis. Especially people who have had diseases such as heart disease or stroke, then chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes and cancer. When it comes to hypertension and diabetes, a large proportion of people in the United States have these diseases.

　　British Sky Station reminded that it is necessary to "reduce contact" in order to slow down the development of the epidemic.

　　Because Covid-19 will spread through droplets and contact. The US media is also reminding people of the importance of keeping a distance and reducing contact.

　　Due to the lack of special drugs for children, many children are treated as "miniature adults" when taking drugs. Adult drugs are given to children according to the principle of "children should be reduced at their discretion", and the dosage depends on breaking and guessing. To solve the problem of children’s safe drug use, it is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society to give full play to their respective functional advantages and let children use children’s drugs — —

　　The recently released White Paper on Children’s Drug Safety Investigation Report in 2016 shows that about 30,000 children in China are deaf every year due to improper drug use. This figure shows that improper drug use by children not only hurts children, but also brings many misfortunes to families and a heavy burden to society.

　　A few days ago, at the 2017 Children’s Medication Safety Summit Forum jointly sponsored by Children’s Medication Safety Branch of China Medical News Information Association and Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, experts pointed out that due to the lack of special drugs for children, many children were treated as "scaled-down adults" when taking drugs. According to the principle of "children’s discretion", the use of adult drugs for children was reduced, and the dosage was determined by guessing. "There is a huge safety hazard in doing this, and children should use children’s medicine."

　　Children’s exclusive drugs are less than 2%

　　Recently, the reporter visited a number of pharmacies in Beijing and found that many of the common pharmaceutical preparations in the market do not have children’s dosage forms, and children’s special drugs are very scarce. Ms. Liu Hua told reporters that her daughter is three years old this year. Every time she goes to the hospital to see a doctor, she has to do "calculation problems" when she goes home. "The doctor said that children should take less medicine, and they usually take an adult medicine several times. Parents of larger tablets are handcuffed. If the tablets are small, they need to crush them with tools, and then estimate the dose and divide it into several parts for children to take with warm water. " Liu Hua said that compared with adults, children use drugs very little.

　　Zhao Zhigang, director of pharmacy department of Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and chief pharmacist of Beijing Hospital Authority, said that there are about 180,000 drugs with approval numbers in China, and more than 3,000 drugs are used by children, accounting for less than 2%, involving only more than 400 varieties. This is far from enough compared with the number of 220 million children in China and the prevalence rate of 12%. The dosage forms and specifications suitable for children are also very scarce, especially for young children and newborns. According to the survey of Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, among 231 kinds of commonly used prescription drugs for children, the top three dosage forms are injections, tablets and oral liquid, among which the dosage forms suitable for children, such as powder inhalers, suppositories and syrups, are very few.

　　Because of children’s vigorous metabolism and poor adjustment ability, their sensitivity to drugs is higher than that of adults, but a large number of drugs are lacking in children’s usage and dosage, and there are few special drugs for children. The incidence of adverse drug reactions among children in China is high. Zhao Zhigang said that the adverse drug reaction rate of children in China was 12.9%, and that of newborns was as high as 24.4%, which was 2 times and 4 times higher than that of adults. The adverse drug reaction report recently released by the State Food and Drug Administration shows that in 2016, the number of children under 14 years old (inclusive) accounted for 10.6% of the total report, of which serious adverse drug reactions accounted for 5.5% of the total report of children.

　　Drug research and development into a short board of enterprises

　　Why are there so few special drugs for children? Bian zhenjia, a special researcher in the State Council Counselor’s Office, said: First, the policies are not matched, and the relevant systems of supervision and use are not connected. The marketing approval of children’s drugs is in the food and drug administration department, the policy management is in the health department, the clinical use is in medical institutions, and the reserve management is in the industry and information department. Many parties are responsible for one section, and the relevant systems and standards are not matched, unified and out of line. Second, the clinical trial process is risky, which affects the clinical development of new drugs. This is also a problem that puzzles the children’s medicine production industry in the world. In developed countries, the premise of clinical trials is to sign an informed consent form with volunteers, insure them with accident insurance and necessary economic compensation, and this is the biggest expenditure on research and development. Third, the marketization of children’s medication is not high, the profits of pharmaceutical companies are low, and the enthusiasm for production is not high. At present, the number of children in China and the annual consumption of sick drugs are basically stable, and there is little room for the expansion of the children’s drug market; Children are not miniature versions of adults, their organs are immature, their onset characteristics, process, absorption mechanism and compliance are different, and they also need special formulas, preparations and tastes, which makes the R&D and production process of drugs more complicated and the cost higher, which leads enterprises to be unwilling to engage in the R&D, production and marketing of children-specific drugs.

　　According to the data from China Pharmaceutical Industry Information Center, there are 8,812 pharmaceutical manufacturers in China, of which only 0.1% are specialized in the production of drugs for children. In the drug clinical trial registration project, the registered information of domestic drugs reached 165,151, of which only 2,698 were children’s drugs, accounting for only 1.63%. Children’s drugs registered in clinical trials only account for 2.35%, which is too little compared with the proportion of more than 20% in developed countries such as the United States.

　　"Because the pricing principle of children’s medicine is based on the content of active ingredients, the content of active ingredients of children’s medicine is much lower than that of adult medicine, and the corresponding selling price is lower than that of adult medicine, which makes children’s medicine have no obvious advantage in pricing, and enterprises cannot get compensation." Chen Baohua, general manager of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. said that in order to solve the problem of shortage of drugs for children, experts from professional associations can summarize the epidemiological situation and the current situation of children’s drug use in China, determine which pediatric diseases need to be overcome urgently, and formulate a list of children’s drugs to encourage research and development according to domestic and foreign pediatric drug use guidelines and clinical experience, implement priority review and approval, and guide enterprises to research and development.

　　In addition, relevant experts found in the research that domestic children’s drug instructions generally lack pharmacokinetic data, and even if there are, most of them are foreign children’s data. In some domestic drug instructions, the data of children’s clinical trials basically copy the instructions of imported original drugs. According to experts, there are differences between children and adults, and between children from different countries. China children’s clinical trial data is needed to make the efficacy more accurate, but China’s clinical data is far from enough.

　　Encourage the development of children’s medicines.

　　"In order to protect children’s health rights and encourage children’s drug development. In recent years, various departments have formulated various policies on the protection of children’s medication. " Feng Zhang, deputy director of the Department of Pharmacy Administration of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said that since last year, the Health Planning Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Food and Drug Administration have published two batches of 71 varieties of children’s drugs to encourage research and development, and made it clear that the drugs in the "list" have been used for many years in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, which are clinically effective and safe to use, but are not listed in the mainland. Explore the pilot import and use of drugs, and allow direct reference to the clinical drug use data of children in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as the basis for declaration when registering and reviewing imported children’s drugs. In addition, through the national "major new drug creation" major science and technology projects, major innovation and development projects for protein biopharmaceuticals and vaccines, we will integrate superior units to collaborate in innovative research and development, and guide and encourage enterprises to give priority to R&D and production; In terms of ensuring production and supply, we will give policy support to the corresponding children’s drug production enterprises and promote product upgrading and technical transformation of production lines.

　　Wang Tianyou, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that clinical trials of children’s medication are facing difficulties such as difficult evaluation, high evaluation risk, difficulty in recruiting subjects and lack of professionals. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing Children’s Hospital will unite a number of units to further strengthen the construction of clinical evaluation support system for children’s demonstration new drugs, and improve the ability of clinical evaluation of children’s drugs through the construction of key technology platforms for children’s drug clinical trials and the construction of key technology platforms for children’s drug big data clinical evaluation. Three clinical specialties were selected as representatives of common diseases, major diseases and rare diseases in children, and a demonstration platform for clinical evaluation of new drugs for children was established.

　　At the same time, Ceng Yixin, deputy director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said that the National Health and Family Planning Commission and other six departments have issued several opinions on the protection of children’s medication and formulated two batches of lists to encourage research and development. Especially in the national major special projects of new drug development, the research and development of children’s drugs and speeding up the examination and approval have been taken as key tasks. "Drugs suitable for children should have appropriate doses according to the weight of different children; The dosage form should be in the form of oral liquid; And it should be suitable for children’s tastes and make them willing to drink. This is ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ Key tasks, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Food and Drug Administration, the Health Planning Commission and other joint efforts to speed up the research and development and approval procedures for drugs specially suitable for children in China. It is estimated that the shortage of medicines for children will be effectively solved in a few years. "

　　"The healthy growth of children is related to the harmony and happiness of each family and the healthy progress and sustainable development of the nation." Feng Zhang said that to break the problem of children’s safe drug use, it is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society to give full play to their respective functional advantages, including government agencies, social organizations, enterprises, hospitals, media, etc., and at the same time, it is also necessary to spread and educate children’s scientific drug use knowledge.

Dazu primary school by Lugu Lake. Photo by Chloe Wang

　　Zhongxin. com, Yanyuan, September 29th (patriotic struggler) by Yan Yimeng.

　　"Far away, Hanshan stone path is oblique, and there are people in the depths of white clouds. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. " On the morning of the 29th, Lang Lang’s reading sound came from Dazu Primary School in Dazu Village, Luguhu Town, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The reporter sought the sound and went to the Mufang classroom with Mosuo traditional residential style. I saw the third-grade students staring at the textbooks intently and reading aloud.

The third grade students of Dazu Primary School are having a Chinese class. Photo by Chloe Wang

　　Dazu Primary School is a private and complete primary school, with 72 students in seven grades, 80% of whom are Naxi, Mosuo and Yi students. In 2000, due to the shortage of education funds, the school was removed and merged, and in 2004, the whole village was rebuilt under the initiative of Li Nanyang, an old man in Taiwan Province. Today, 15 years later, the classrooms, playgrounds, dormitories, infirmary, library and computer room of Dazu Primary School all witnessed its transformation again and again.

　　Now, talking about the original intention of rebuilding the school again, You Jingfen, a Taiwan Province friend of Li Nanyang and a teacher who has been in charge of Dazu primary school resource integration for 15 years, has a calm and natural tone. She introduced that in 2004, Li Nanyang wanted to come to Lugu Lake to develop eco-agriculture, but unexpectedly saw that so many children could not afford to go to school. "I think that I still have some resources, and these children also have this need, so I feel that I should help them." You Jingfen said that because it coincided with Li Nanyang’s idea, she began to raise funds and work with the villagers to rebuild Dazu Primary School.

During recess, the students are still reviewing their lessons. Photo by Chloe Wang

　　Wang Muliang, the principal of Dazu Primary School, was one of the villagers who contributed to the reconstruction of the primary school. He recalled that at the beginning of the school’s reconstruction, there were only preschool classes and first grade, and then one grade was added year by year. It was not until 2010 that a complete primary school was built. "At the beginning, we only had two classrooms. Now there is a classroom in each grade, and the area of the school has increased from the initial three or four acres to eight acres." Wang Muliang listed the changes in the school. He said that today the school also offers 11 courses, including English, Dongba and information technology, which broke the previous single curriculum arrangement.

　　"Today, Dazu Primary School is inseparable from the support and help of the government and caring people from all walks of life." Wang Muliang felt that since the school was completed in 2005, thousands of teachers have come to Dazu Primary School for long-term or short-term teaching. At present, there are 13 post-80s and post-90s teachers from all over China.

Mosuo king of the children Naomachi is reciting poems in the office. Photo by Chloe Wang

　　Cui Ning, a 21-year-old girl from Henan, is the youngest teacher in Dazu Primary School. Cui Ning said, "I don’t have much ambition. I am attracted by the local customs here to teach." In Cui Ning’s view, he may not be able to teach children too much knowledge, but it is meaningful to give them some small guidance and care in art, music and other classes.

　　It is understood that Li Nanyang, who initiated the reconstruction of Dazu Primary School, died in 2007. Over the years, teachers who inherited the legacy of the old gentleman have built Dazu Primary School into a campus nourished by culture and love. Wang Muliang, who has worked in Dazu Primary School for 15 years, said that "persistence" is a mission to the development and rejuvenation of villages. You Jingfen, who only goes back to Taiwan Province two or three times a year now, believes that many years of rural education will leave warm "seedlings" in the hearts of students.

　　When the bell rang, 9-year-old Mosuo king of the children ran to the teacher’s office with a textbook. "Xiao Xiao Wu leaves send a cold sound, and the autumn wind on the river moves the guests." Wang Erche Naomar is carrying a small hand, facing the teacher and reciting sentence by sentence what he learned the day before. She said that Chinese is one of her favorite subjects. "My teachers are very gentle and teach books well. When I grow up, I also want to be a Chinese teacher in Dazu Village, so that more people can learn knowledge." (End)

　　Last year, which cities had a large volume of express delivery business?

　　According to the list of the top 50 cities of express delivery business recently published by the State Post Bureau, Jinhua (Yiwu), Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Jieyang, Hangzhou, Dongguan, Shanghai, Shantou, Suzhou and Quanzhou rank in the top 10, while Beijing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Wenzhou, Foshan, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, Ningbo, Linfen and Taizhou rank in the top 10.

　　Peng Peng, executive president of Guangdong Economic Restructuring Research Association, analyzed the first financial report that cities with large express delivery business often have some characteristics, such as being surrounded by manufacturing bases and producing a large number of products. Secondly, the city has a large wholesale market, and there are many wholesale markets, so the express delivery volume is large, because the wholesale market used to be offline, and now it is largely online. Thirdly, there are many express delivery places in Taobao Village, such as Jieyang, Guangzhou and Jinhua. The rent of Taobao Village is relatively cheap, the storage cost is also cheap, and it is also close to the highway and railway hub.

　　In addition, a city’s express business volume is large, which is also related to the local industrial structure and product structure. Peng Peng said that light industrial products such as clothing, fast-moving food and toys can reach consumers through express delivery, and the use of light industrial products is larger, so there are more pieces.

　　Among the top 50 cities in express delivery business, Jinhua (Yiwu) ranked first with 11.8 billion pieces. Among them, the number of Yiwu express delivery accounts for a very high proportion of Jinhua. For example, in 2020, the number of Yiwu express delivery accounts for nearly 80% of Jinhua. As the "commodity capital of the world", Yiwu has a large number of merchants, and all kinds of small commodities are dazzling, and they are going to the world. In recent years, Yiwu has actively transformed into e-commerce, and the number of express delivery and e-commerce live broadcast are outstanding.

　　Judging from the changes in recent years, from 2015 to 2016, Jinhua’s express delivery volume still hovered in the sixth place in the country. In 2017, it began to accelerate its running and continuously surpassed Hangzhou and Beijing. In 2018, it surpassed Shenzhen and Shanghai, ranking second only to Guangzhou. By 2020, Jinhua’s express delivery volume will surpass Guangzhou, ranking first in the country with 9.01 billion pieces, and ranking first for three consecutive years.

　　The data shows that from January to November 2022, the e-commerce transaction volume in Yiwu exceeded 360 billion yuan. In 2022, the total import and export value of Yiwu was 478.8 billion yuan, an increase of 22.7% compared with 2021; Among them, exports were 431.64 billion yuan, an increase of 18% year-on-year; Imports reached 47.16 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 93.5%.

　　After Jinhua (Yiwu), Guangzhou ranked second with 10.13 billion pieces. As a "Millennium Capital", Guangzhou has the best professional wholesale market in China. Guangzhou’s professional wholesale market started early, and its overall scale is large, forming a number of nationally renowned industrial clusters. These developed professional markets are important carriers of Guangzhou’s traditional business functions. These wholesale markets, while connecting large and small factories in the Pearl River Delta, attract merchants from more than 100 countries around the world.

　　The third place is Shenzhen, a first-tier city in the Pearl River Delta with Guangzhou, but there is a big gap between the express delivery business and the second place, which is only 57% of Guangzhou.

　　It is worth noting that Jieyang, a small town in eastern Guangdong, ranked sixth in the country last year, and Lian Chao, Shanghai and Hangzhou rose to fourth place in the country this year. Shantou, which is located in the eastern part of Guangdong Province and ranked 11th in the country in 2021, has risen to the eighth place in the country this year.

　　On the one hand, the highlight performance of two prefecture-level cities in eastern Guangdong is closely related to the local industry and product structure. The light industry in Chaoshan area is developed, and the products are most easily sold on the Internet. For example, Jieyang’s private economy is very active, and the advantageous industries such as hardware stainless steel, textile and clothing, jewelry and jade, plastic home, shoes and hats, food and so on have developed prominently. These products are more suitable for online sales.

　　Another reason is that last year, because the big cities in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta, such as Guangzhou and Shanghai, were greatly affected by the epidemic, some of the original orders in these areas were transferred to small and medium-sized cities in Jieyang and Shantou, which were less affected by the epidemic.

　　Judging from the increase in 2022, the express delivery business in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Zhengzhou, Ningbo and other big cities all declined to varying degrees. In contrast, the express delivery business in Jieyang increased by 5.55%, Shantou increased by 13.63%, Linfen, which ranked 19th, increased by 8.12%, and Taizhou, which ranked 20th, increased by 5.7%.

　　However, some orders transferred to Jieyang and other places are only short-term alternatives for customers, which may not produce enough viscosity. Peng Peng said that with the adjustment and optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures, the volume of express delivery business in big cities like Guangzhou will be obviously restored this year. After all, Guangzhou has so many professional wholesale markets, and it is close to the manufacturing base of the Pearl River Delta, with more complete product varieties and obvious advantages. With the recovery of express delivery business in big cities such as Guangzhou, the growth rate of business in prefecture-level cities such as Jieyang will also slow down.

　　Of course, there are also factors of industrial transfer. Peng Peng said that from another perspective, in recent years, some light industry industries have been transferred to Jieyang and other prefecture-level cities, which have lower costs. In the past, industrial transfer was also conducive to reducing various costs such as logistics, production and warehousing. Therefore, on the whole, industrial transfer and spillover are also a trend.

　　In addition, although the express delivery business in Jieyang, Shantou, Linfen and other places has grown rapidly, from the perspective of gold content, these cities still have a big gap with Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and other big cities. From the perspective of express delivery business income, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen rank in the top three, while Jieyang ranks only ninth, Shantou ranks 17th and Linfen ranks 38th.