爱上海419论坛-阿拉上海后花园419-夜上海最新论坛社区-上海品茶工作室

　　In order to promote the construction of a learning society and improve the national quality, the university of international business and economics Education and Open Economy Research Center of the Ministry of Education is now conducting an online survey on social adult training, aiming at understanding the situation and suggestions of adults participating in social non-academic training. This survey is anonymous, thank you for your support!

　　The training in this survey refers to the non-academic training conducted by social organizations, enterprises or individuals other than state institutions for the society.

　　Social adult training questionnaire:

　　https://www.wjx.cn/vm/t9oRfJR.aspx

　　Just scan the QR code below.

　　The specific contents of the questionnaire are as follows:

　　1. Your gender

　　A. Male B. Female

　　2. Your age

　　A.18 -30 years old

　　B.31 -40 years old

　　C.41 -50 years old

　　D.51 -60 years old

　　E. Over 60 years old

　　3. What is your education level?

　　A. below high school

　　B. High school/technical secondary school

　　C. specialties

　　D. undergraduate course

　　E. Master degree or above

　　4. Your habitual residence is in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ province.

　　5. What is your current work situation?

　　A. Have a job and have worked for less than 2 years.

　　B. Have a job for 2-5 years.

　　C. Have a job and have worked for more than 5 years.

　　D. Students in school

　　E. I have graduated, have no job and have no work experience.

　　F. I have graduated, have no job, and have worked.

　　6. Your current employment unit

　　A. I’m not working at present

　　B. Enterprise

　　C. Government agencies, the military

　　D. Public institutions

　　E. social organizations, foundations and private non-enterprise units

　　F. Self-employed, freelancers and flexible employees

　　G. Others

　　7. What industry are you currently engaged in?

　　A. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery

　　B mining, manufacturing, production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water, and construction.

　　C. Wholesale and retail trade

　　D. Transportation, warehousing and postal services

　　E. Accommodation and catering, leasing and business services

　　F. Information transmission, software and information technology services

　　G. Financial industry

　　H. Real estate industry

　　I. Scientific research and technical services, education, health and social work

　　J water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, residential services, repairs and other services

　　K. culture, sports and entertainment

　　L public administration, social security and social organizations, military, police and international organizations

　　M. not working

　　8. Your annual income is about (RMB)

　　A. No income

　　B.50,000 or less

　　C.50,000-100,000

　　D.110,000-200,000

　　E.210,000-300,000

　　F.310,000-500,000

　　G.50 More than 500,000

　　9. Have you participated in training and who organized the training (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. No training.

　　B. Participated in training organized by enterprises.

　　C participated in the training organized by social organizations such as associations and societies.

　　D. Participated in training organized by individuals

　　E participated in the training organized by private schools and other private non-enterprise units.

　　F. Participated in training organized by other units.

　　(if you choose a in this question, jump directly to question 26)

　　10. Which of the following trainings have you attended (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Examination guidance and training for civil servants and institutions

　　B. Postgraduate entrance examination counseling training

　　C. Counseling and training for college entrance examination, entrance examination, art examination, self-taught examination, etc

　　D. Language training

　　E qualification training for teachers, doctors, accountants, financial practitioners, judicial examinations, etc.

　　F. Training in information technology and digital technology

　　G. Other vocational skills training

　　H management training such as leadership, workplace etiquette and sales management.

　　I. Training in life skills, hobbies, family, marriage, psychology and health.

　　J. Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill it in yourself)

　　11. How do you attend the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Online recording and broadcasting

　　B. Live webcast

　　C. Offline grant (30 persons or more)

　　D. Offline grant (less than 30 people)

　　E. Combination of online and offline

　　12. What do you think of the effect of the training (multiple choices are allowed)

　　A. contribute to promotion and salary increase

　　B. It is conducive to further studies

　　C. help to engage in a certain industry.

　　D. Help to change to a better job

　　E. help to upgrade skills or expand knowledge

　　F contribute to family harmony, improve the quality of life or improve yourself.

　　G. help to expand contacts

　　H. Failure to achieve the expected results

　　13. The matching between the contents of your training and your major.

　　A. Very close

　　B.it’s similar

　　C. Not quite the same

　　D. totally different

　　14. Your satisfaction with the services provided by training institutions.

　　A. very satisfied

　　B. satisfaction

　　C. general

　　D. dissatisfied

　　E. very dissatisfied

　　15. The training you attended recently cost _ _ _ _ _ yuan, and the most expensive training you attended cost _ _ _ _ _ yuan.

　　16. The charging method for your training is (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. Free of charge

　　B. Training first, then paying fees

　　C. Charge by frequency or cycle, and the term shall not exceed 3 months.

　　D. Charge by frequency or cycle, with a term exceeding 3 months.

　　E. Pay by installment through online loan.

　　17. Do you enjoy government subsidies for the training you attend?

　　A. Yes

　　B. no

　　C. not clear

　　18. The instructor of the training you attended is (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. Teachers at school

　　B. full-time trainers

　　C. Other part-time staff

　　D. Don’t know the situation of teachers

　　19. The teaching materials used in the training you attended are (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. Teaching materials compiled by institutions

　　B. Public publications

　　C. No teaching materials

　　20. Which of the following situations did you encounter during the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. The training content contains such undesirable contents as violating the Constitution and laws, disrupting public order, and violating social morality.

　　B. False propaganda, claiming that "famous teachers", "authorized institutions" and "guaranteed services" are inconsistent with the propaganda.

　　C. Teachers speak in general and have low professional level.

　　D. The institution issues certificates by itself in the name of "industry qualification", but it has not been recognized by the industry.

　　E. institutions run away with money

　　F institutions disclose personal information, and students often receive various phone calls to harass them.

　　G. Unrealistically high training price

　　H. Inducing students to borrow money, but not prompting the actual interest and loan risk.

　　I propaganda "involution", "class solidification" and "midlife crisis" aggravate anxiety.

　　J. None of the above situations

　　21. What contract problems have you encountered in the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. There are overlord clauses in the contract, and the institution has not given sufficient hints.

　　B. The training institution unilaterally changes the service content

　　C. No paper contract or electronic contract has been signed.

　　D the agency’s liability for breach of contract is not stipulated in the contract or the statement is unclear.

　　E. none of the above situations.

　　22. What problems have you encountered in refunding fees for the training you attended (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. if the institution violates the contract or commitment, the fee will not be refunded.

　　B the case of non-refund of fees was written in the agency contract, but it was unreasonable and was not reminded when signing the contract.

　　C. Unreasonable calculation of class hours and expenses when refunding fees

　　D. Other unreasonable refund cases _ _ _ _ _ _ (voluntary)

　　E. No refund dispute.

　　If the last option is selected for questions 20, 21 and 22 at the same time, skip to question 25.

　　23. What rights protection measures have you taken after you encountered problems in the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Communication with institutions

　　B. Complain to the Consumers Association

　　C. Take the case to court

　　D. Report to the media or post on the Internet

　　E. Reflect to government departments

　　F. I feel that it is troublesome or the cost is too high, and I have no rights protection.

　　If you choose F for question 23, skip to question 25.

　　24. Are you satisfied with the problem solved by the training institution after rights protection?

　　A. very satisfied

　　B. satisfaction

　　C. general

　　D. dissatisfied

　　E. very dissatisfied

　　25. What problems do you want the government to help improve in the training field (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Solving the problem of false propaganda

　　B. Solve the problem of obviously unreasonable clauses in the contract

　　C. Solving the problem of training quality

　　D. Solve the problem of unreasonable collection and refund of fees or organizations running away with money.

　　E increase subsidies for key industries and key populations and solve the problem of high training costs.

　　F. Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill it in yourself)

　　Jump to question 28 after answering this question.

　　If you choose a in question 9, please answer the following questions:

　　26. What kind of training do you want to attend most in the future (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Examination guidance and training for civil servants and institutions

　　B. Postgraduate entrance examination counseling training

　　C. Counseling and training for college entrance examination, entrance examination, art examination, self-taught examination, etc

　　D. Language training

　　E qualification training for teachers, doctors, accountants, financial practitioners, judicial examinations, etc.

　　F. Training in information technology and digital technology

　　G. Other vocational skills training

　　H management training such as leadership, workplace etiquette and sales management.

　　I. Training in life skills, hobbies, family, marriage, psychology and health.

　　J. Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill it in yourself)

　　K. don’t want to attend

　　27. Which of the following training methods do you think is the most effective (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Offline teaching

　　B. Live webcast

　　C. Online recording and broadcasting

　　D. Micro-video and small video learning

　　28. If you have any suggestions and opinions on the rights protection, supervision and industry development of social training, please leave a message here.

　　Social adult training questionnaire:

　　https://www.wjx.cn/vm/t9oRfJR.aspx

[Editor’s note]

In the period when the major strategy of rural revitalization is fully implemented, field research on rural areas is particularly important.

What kind of perspective will scholars returning to the countryside in the Spring Festival observe their familiar countryside? The report column of The Paper think tank published a group of "scholars’ rural investigation reports", inviting scholars to observe and explore the effective path of rural revitalization from many different dimensions, such as rural governance, villagers’ employment, rural industrial status, rural pension, rural education and rural marriage and love market, hoping to provide valuable reference for rural revitalization.

Paper-cut pictures are provided by Zhongyang Wuxiaofen Paper-cut Studio.

At present, while the urban environment is improving day by day, rural environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent, such as "garbage surrounding villages", rural water environmental pollution, and all kinds of wastes "going to the countryside", which are still far from the people’s desire for a better life and building a well-off society in an all-round way. Rural environmental pollution is a prominent shortcoming that restricts rural revitalization.

The comprehensive improvement of rural human settlements is closely related to the production and life of hundreds of millions of farmers, and it is one of the yardsticks to reflect the progress of civilization. Recently, the author went to Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places for field research, and found that from the reality, various places have successively carried out a series of practical explorations, such as improving the appearance of villages, improving rural human settlements and building beautiful countryside, and achieved certain results. But on the whole, rural environmental governance is still dominated by the government, lacking a long-term market-oriented mechanism.

Quzhou intelligent garbage sorting system. Photo courtesy of the author

Investigation on the current situation: rural environmental governance is dominated by the government and lacks market-oriented means.

In recent years, with the rapid economic development, the problem of rural ecological environment pollution has become increasingly prominent. Research shows that the per capita output of domestic garbage in rural areas is about 0.8 kg per day. What’s more, for a long time, due to the lack of specialized personnel and funds in rural areas, many rural garbage disposal work in China has been blank. Judging from the 588,000 administrative villages in China, only 218,000 have effectively treated domestic garbage, accounting for only one third of the country. The situation of "garbage surrounding villages" is grim. Judging from the situation of water pollution in rural areas, the domestic sewage in rural areas in China exceeds 8 billion tons every year, but the sewage treatment rate is less than 10%. The vast majority of rural sewage is directly discharged into rivers and farmland, which affects crop production and agricultural product quality.

Strengthening the comprehensive improvement of rural environment has become a major issue to be solved urgently in the process of promoting rural revitalization in various places. Through on-the-spot investigation, the author found that the current comprehensive management of rural environment mainly faces the following three problems to be solved urgently:

(A) infrastructure debt, investment.For a long time, China’s rural infrastructure is weak and there are many historical debts, which require a lot of money. Although the country has invested a lot of money in new rural construction and rural revitalization in recent years, after all, there are more than 480,000 towns and 690,000 villages in China, and the conditions in many mountainous villages are very bad, and the amount of funds needed for infrastructure construction is huge.

(2) Social capital investment is high and the return is low.The comprehensive management of rural environment has high social capital investment, low market return rate and poor profitability of enterprises, which leads to poor enthusiasm for social capital investment. Many rural environmental governance needs a large amount of funds, and financing loans are difficult, which can not produce intuitive economic benefits quickly. For enterprises, it is a project with low return on investment and poor profitability.

(3) There are great differences in technology and it is difficult to copy.Compared with urban environmental governance, there are differences between rural pollutants and urban environmental governance in composition, technology and technology, which cannot be completely replicated. Taking sewage treatment as an example, the composition and content of pollutants in rural sewage and urban sewage are different, so the investment in urban sewage treatment construction and market-oriented operation mode of enterprises cannot be universal.

Empirical case: give play to the role of marketization and work together to solve rural environmental problems

(A win-win situation between government and enterprises to create "Qujiang experience"

For rural areas, the task of garbage sorting is arduous and difficult to last. In the past, township and village cadres independently managed the garbage sorting work, and it was inevitable that cadres would press the gourd to float the ladle. Qujiang District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, implements the rural "garbage revolution" and implements the third-party service of garbage classification according to the enterprise operation mode, which can make town and village cadres change from "in front of the stage" to "behind the scenes" and from "athletes" to "referees", effectively grasp the "tangible hand" of the government and the "public hand", form a benign interaction mechanism with the public and third-party enterprises, and ensure the durability and effectiveness of government supervision manpower.

Third-party operation and maintenance integrates the market resources of the industry, and the practice has formed a hierarchical structure and overall law of early source classification and reduction, medium-term recycling of renewable resources, and late landfill and incineration treatment and gradual reduction, clarifying the access of each link of garbage disposal, reducing the burden on township and village cadres, bringing profits to enterprises, giving villagers paid feedback, and reducing environmental pressure, thus forming a win-win situation for all parties.

After the third-party operation and maintenance, 14 towns (streets) in Qujiang District are managed by one company as a whole, which can put an end to the malpractice of caring management. According to the requirements of enterprise personnel management, the original team of cleaning staff is screened out, people with good performance and good health are retained, older and lazy people are dismissed, new people who meet the post requirements are recruited, and a skilled, literate, obedient and dedicated cleaning team is reorganized, so as to dig deeper into cleaning staff. The "cleaning grid" and "general grid" will complement each other and promote each other, and we will fully promote the "1+5" classified cleaning mode of cleaning+classification, cleaning+sorting, cleaning+recycling, cleaning+publicity and cleaning+inspection, which will inject a steady stream of new power into grassroots governance. Up to now, there are 1,432 cleaning teams in Qujiang, and 56 cleaning grids are divided, with an average of 26 cleaning staff in each cleaning grid. In addition, 14 film lengths and 56 squad leaders are equipped to implement the "three-fixed" grid management of personnel, posts and responsibilities to ensure that the responsibilities are assigned to people.

(B) cadres and masses to jointly promote the "toilet revolution."

Small things in rural areas are connected with people’s livelihood. It is not easy to do these "small projects", such as changing toilets in rural areas, treating rural garbage and sewage, and improving the appearance of villages. Who will do it, how to do it and how to run it?

The author learned from the investigation in Changshan County, Zhejiang Province that the government of Changshan County attached great importance to the "toilet revolution" in rural areas, and in April 2017, it took the lead in innovating and launching the director system of public toilets in the country, thus setting off a "toilet revolution" throughout the county. Ye Meifeng, secretary of the county party committee, is the general director of public toilets in the county, while the deputy secretary of the county party committee and the deputy county magistrate are the general directors of public toilets in rural areas and urban areas respectively. In urban areas, the directors of public toilets are the cadres of the county housing and construction bureau and the secretary of the street party working committee, while in rural areas, they are divided into the secretary of the township party committee and the village committees. Every public toilet in the county has its own strengths, and efforts are made to solve the problems of low-grade public toilets, old facilities, poor hygiene and inadequate management, and comprehensively carry out the "300 Action" to reform

"Don’t look at our village, where the village roads are washed, the ancient trees are green, the courtyards and toilets are clean and tidy. A few years ago, there were weeds, piles of garbage, dirty toilets and mosquitoes flying all over the sky." Ye Jiqiang, secretary of the branch of Xucun Village, said with deep feelings. In recent years, Xu Cun put forward the brand of "Dream-chasing Party Branch", which has changed from a weak village with prominent sectarian contradictions, difficult to unify the masses’ thoughts and backward work in various centers to a famous "Golden Nail Village" in the county.

(C) not to rely on solving the "garbage around the village"

Rural environmental governance cannot be separated from capital investment, but it does not mean that money is a necessary condition for rural environmental governance. In other words, "the more money the state invests, the better the rural environment will be" is a misunderstanding. Here, the author takes a field survey of a village in Jiangxi Province to build a garbage pool as a case to explain.

Since 2016, in an F village in Jiangxi Province, villagers have begun to feel the great troubles caused by garbage surrounding villages, and environmental problems have become a major headache for villagers. Someone in the village suggested building a garbage disposal pool, and the village head naturally agreed, but the key question came-where did the money come from? The village has applied to the superior several times, and the result is "no money", and the village has thousands of dollars on its books. Some people suggest that you should stop expecting your superiors to allocate money and build it yourself. But the problem comes again. It is not easy to mobilize the whole village to raise funds in rural areas. There are nail households and poor households in the village, and the conditions of each family are different. The final result of "waiting, relying and wanting" is that the construction of garbage pools is delayed again and again. Later, several young people who worked outside the home couldn’t sit still when they went home during the Spring Festival. They went to the village head to discuss it, stopped "waiting, relying and wanting" and organized the villagers to build it themselves. The final plan is: in terms of mobilization, the village head and several young people who are working hard outside are responsible; In terms of funds, part of the village collective, part of the young people, and part of the villagers voluntarily raise funds, and those who do not contribute to work and contribute; In terms of work, each family has at least one job, which can be flexibly discussed according to the amount of capital contribution; In terms of purchasing materials, young people are responsible. Finally, all the families at home in the village have at least one job, a total of 70 jobs; The cost of materials, such as cement, stone, sand, bricks and tiles, pipes, etc., totaled 7,500 yuan, and the final cost of the village was less than 10,000 yuan. At the same time, the follow-up garbage pool cleaning was carried out in a long-term way of "village collective contribution+township donation+villagers’ work".It is estimated in the village that it is reasonable to spend more than 30,000 yuan if the garbage disposal pool is funded by the government.

The above cases show that "having money to do things well" does not mean "having no money to do things". Rural environmental governance needs to establish a diversified fund-raising mechanism, but it needs to open up ideas, explore and innovate, give play to people’s subjective initiative, and use limited funds on the cutting edge. From the perspective of fund raising, try to raise more funds for rural environmental governance. But more crucially, it is not entirely driven by money. We should use our brains and market-oriented operation ideas to guide rural environmental governance to a more long-term sustainable development path through the instigation of capital investment.

Countermeasures and suggestions: establish a market-oriented long-term mechanism for rural environmental governance

(A) "Government" and "market" make concerted efforts to control the rural environment.

The difficulty of rural environmental governance lies in "market failure". "Market failure" and "government failure" are the reasons for rural environmental pollution and low governance efficiency. Therefore, we should adopt the method of economic analysis to study and put forward the countermeasures of combining government and market, and "government" and "market" should work together. For the vast rural areas, it is difficult to manage the rural water environment only by a large amount of government investment. From the perspective of multi-center governance, it is proposed that the market can play a positive role in effectively allocating resources in rural non-point source pollution control.

Based on the fact that rural environmental pollution is different from the characteristics of cities, and the rural environment has the characteristics of small but many pollution sources and wide and scattered pollution sources, we can give full play to the vast rural land space, natural degradation and digestion capacity and appropriate environmental carrying capacity, adopt ways suitable for rural environmental governance, such as returning compost to fields, natural digestion and small ecological wetlands, compare and analyze the governance model with the government as the main body and the autonomy model with villagers as the main body, and put forward effective ways of rural environmental governance combining government with market.

(2) Explore the market-oriented mode of "market packaging" for river regulation.

For the water environment management of rural rivers, we can adopt the common operation mechanism of rural river regulation and market-oriented mode. The government can realize the long-term market-oriented management of rural river regulation by establishing the modes of "raising rivers by rivers", "raising rivers by dikes" and "raising rivers by ponds".

The government contracts the river and coastal public land to individuals or enterprises through inviting tenders, and the government signs contracts with the contractors. The river contractors need to fulfill the obligations of daily work such as river dredging and cleaning, and take the initiative to accept government inspections and supervision complaints from the masses. At the same time, the river contractor can obtain the corresponding rights, that is, the right to use the land on both sides of the river, from which the contractor can obtain economic benefits in other ways.

(C) the introduction of PPP model to manage the rural environment with diversified and integrated thinking

By introducing PPP model to rural environmental governance, we should fully consider the relevance between rural environmental governance projects and other rural related industrial projects. From the perspective of industrial integration, we should jump out of the simple "financing thinking" and adopt "packaging strategy" to promote diversified governance through system construction, and promote professional and market-oriented operation through improving price mechanism and preferential policies. Market-oriented operation and enterprise management play a role in the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, and the third-party property company can play the leading role through the government’s purchase of services, which can explore the market-oriented path of rural environmental improvement in the construction of new countryside.

(The author Jiao Xudong is a Ph.D. student in the Research Center for Cleaner Production and Circular Economy of china environmental science Research Institute, mainly engaged in theoretical and policy consultation and research on circular economy, environmental governance, rural revitalization, county green development, etc. As the main author, he participated in the drafting of the State Council’s major policy documents such as the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Establishing a Complete and Advanced Recycling System for Waste Commodities, and participated in the research and formulation of the national policy of "exchanging old appliances for new ones" all the time. )

Sexual harassment in the workplace is not only related to workers’ labor rights and personal dignity, but also related to corporate image. The Civil Code stipulates how to identify sexual harassment from the legal level, and clarifies the obligations of relevant units to prevent and stop sexual harassment in the workplace. Enterprises should establish rules and regulations to ensure that workers are in a safe, hygienic and violence-free working environment, so as to achieve rapid and steady development.

　　In response to the case of "Ali male supervisor infringing on female employees", on the evening of August 14, the public security organ of Jinan City, Shandong Province informed that two criminal suspects had been taken criminal compulsory measures according to law on suspicion of compulsory indecency.

　　At present, the case is still under investigation. With the Civil Code defining the anti-sexual harassment responsibility of employers in legal form, how to build a compliance system to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace and improve the rules and regulations has become a subject that enterprises have to face.

　　Sexual harassment in the workplace refers to the employer’s responsibility

　　Fang Chen, a legal officer of a state-owned enterprise in an energy industry, has been thinking about how to explain the system construction to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace at the meeting of corporate compliance construction in a few days.

　　Engaged in legal work for 8 years, Fang Chen found that some enterprises are not perfect in the establishment of rules and regulations, involving the protection of employees’ personal interests and humanistic care. She said frankly, "Everyone thinks that sexual harassment in the workplace rarely happens and rarely talks about it, let alone form a written system."

　　In fact, the revised Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in 2005 and the special provisions on labor protection for female employees promulgated by the State Council in 2012 both stipulate the responsibilities of employers in preventing sexual harassment. The Civil Code, which was officially implemented this year, explicitly requires the relevant units to fulfill their obligations to prevent and stop sexual harassment from the legal level for the first time.

　　The first paragraph of Article 1010 of the Civil Code stipulates that the victim has the right to request the perpetrator to bear civil liability in accordance with the law if he sexually harasses others against their will by means of words, words, images and physical acts. The second paragraph makes it clear that organs, enterprises, schools and other units should take reasonable measures such as prevention, acceptance of complaints, investigation and disposal to prevent and stop sexual harassment by taking advantage of their authority and affiliation.

　　"Sexual harassment in the workplace has its particularity in behavior and legal responsibility." Shen Jianfeng, a professor at the Law School of the Central University of Finance and Economics and dean of the Law School of China Institute of Labor Relations, explained, "The relationship between the superior and the subordinate in the workplace and the closed workplace can easily lead to sexual harassment by taking advantage of this relationship and place, and put pressure on workers to protect their rights. It is precisely because of the correlation between the occurrence of sexual harassment and the management and working conditions of the employer that the law specifically requires the employer to do its duty to prevent sexual harassment. It is also the obligation of employers to respect the dignity of workers and let them work decently. " Shen Jianfeng said.

　　The case law clarifies the employer’s obligation to prevent sexual harassment

　　"Building rules and regulations to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace is also the need of employment management. The Civil Code has clearly required employers to fulfill their obligations to prevent sexual harassment. If the unit does not implement it as an internal employment management rule through regulations, it may lead to employment management difficulties. " Shen Jianfeng pointed out, "Typically, according to the current labor contract law, if the employer does not have regulations to prevent sexual harassment, it is impossible to dismiss employees who commit sexual harassment according to law."

　　After the introduction of the Civil Code, there have been some cases of labor disputes involving sexual harassment in the workplace. Whether the employer can terminate the labor relationship between the two parties on the grounds of sexual harassment by employees, the court gave a statement.

　　Recently, the People’s Court of Pudong District of Shanghai tried a case. Liu sneaked a photo of a female colleague in the workplace and sent it to the WeChat circle of friends with words such as "wife". He also harassed him many times by SMS and WeChat. The company took Liu’s behavior as a serious violation of the relevant provisions of the Company’s Employee Handbook on "Prohibition of Sexual Harassment" and dissolved the labor contract relationship between the two parties. Liu believes that the company’s termination of the act is illegal and appealed to the court. After trial, the court refused to support Liu’ s appeal.

　　In another case, in September 2017, Xiaoling was harassed by many WeChat messages of the company’s "big leader" Ding Mou after she joined the company. Xiaoling turned to Wang, the head of the department, but Wang did not take active measures, and was later dismissed by the company on the grounds of serious violation of the Employee Handbook and the Code of Business Conduct. Wang applied for labor arbitration and asked the company to pay more than 360,000 yuan in compensation for the illegal termination of the labor contract, which was not supported. Wang appealed to the court and rejected Wang’s claim in the first instance. On April 22nd, the Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court upheld the original judgment and rejected the appeal.

　　The company’s "legal termination" and "no compensation" are the answers given by the court in the above two cases. In the judgment, the court made clear the basis of the trial — — The enterprise has stipulated that "sexual harassment is prohibited" in the form of clear text written in the Employee Handbook, and fully informed the employees. According to Article 39 of the Labor Contract Law, if the employee seriously violates the rules and regulations of the employer, the employer may terminate the labor contract. It is legal for the company to terminate the labor contract accordingly.

　　The employer’s obligation to prevent sexual harassment is also emphasized. In the case of Liu’s dismissal, the judge pointed out that the employer’s dismissal behavior is "a concrete manifestation of fulfilling the legal obligation to prevent and stop female employees from sexual harassment"; The presiding judge of Wang’s dismissal case reminded, "As an employer, it should formulate practical and effective measures to prevent sexual harassment in accordance with the provisions of Article 1010 of the Civil Code and combined with the actual situation of the unit, and strive to form the overall synergy of all employees in the enterprise to prevent sexual harassment through reasonable system design."

　　Respecting the personality of workers is the basic value of enterprises.

　　Zhang Qi is the human resources manager of a hotel in Beijing. Eight years ago, after leaving the hotel, several waiters reported that a male manager of the hotel had developed an ambiguous relationship with several female subordinates and treated them differently in work arrangements according to their closeness.

　　After investigation and verification, the hotel dismissed the male employee and began to implement the "multi-person presence principle" and "leapfrog reflection principle". Zhang Qi explained: "That is, male bosses are not allowed to talk to female subordinates or arrange work in a separate closed space; Employees report sexual harassment and are allowed to leapfrog. "

　　However, Zhang Qi admits that these two points have not formed written rules and regulations, and they are only verbally emphasized at regular meetings or employee open days. He also said that enterprises have certain difficulties at the implementation level. "For example, enterprises have no law enforcement power and it is difficult to obtain evidence. In addition, how to protect the privacy of employees is also a problem. "

　　As the legal director of a software service listed company in Beijing, Villi introduced to the reporter the anti-sexual harassment mechanism that his company has built: "Sexual harassment is prohibited" in the Employee Handbook and the Employee Code, and it is preached in the employee induction training; Open the reporting channels, and publish the reporting telephone number and email address; After receiving the report, the human resources department, the internal control department and the legal department jointly intervened in the investigation.

　　"After the recent social hot events, the company clearly mentioned at the high-level communication meeting that it should focus on sexual harassment in the workplace and prepare to further improve the early warning mechanism." Villi said.

　　A few days ago, the Rights and Interests Department of the All-China Women’s Federation issued the Guidance Manual on Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, which gives guidance to employers on how to prevent and treat sexual harassment in the workplace, including establishing and improving rules and regulations for prevention and treatment of sexual harassment in the workplace, conducting education and training, establishing specialized institutions, and clarifying handling procedures.

　　"In order to achieve a stable and far-reaching development of modern enterprises, we must have a positive corporate culture and assume necessary social responsibilities for the environment, women, workers and consumers." Shen Jianfeng said, "Respecting the personality, dignity and freedom of workers is the values that enterprises should establish and the guarantee for building harmonious labor relations."

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Fang Chen, Zhang Qi and Villi are pseudonyms.)

　　On October 27, 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization compiled and published a list of four types of carcinogens according to their relevance to cancer. Class 1 is a definite carcinogen for human beings; Type 2 is limited evidence of carcinogenicity to humans; Category 3 is suspicious of human carcinogenicity; Category 4 is substances that may not be carcinogenic to human body.

　　There are 120 kinds of class 1 carcinogens, including alcoholic beverages, Chinese salted fish, processed meat, air pollution, solar radiation and smoking, which are closely related to people’s daily life. Chief reporter Lin Bibo

　　daily contact (with)

　　1. Acetaldehyde related to the intake of alcoholic beverages: Acetaldehyde is an intermediate product of ethanol metabolism in the human body. Some people have fewer enzymes to convert acetaldehyde and accumulate acetaldehyde more easily than others. Symptoms such as blushing, dizziness and headache after drinking alcohol are caused by excessive accumulation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde can cause DNA damage or double strand breaks in cells, thus causing cancer.

　　2. Ethanol in alcoholic beverages: Ethanol can not only metabolize acetaldehyde, but also be a good solvent, and many carcinogens will be dissolved in ethanol. It will also generate a large number of oxygen free radicals under the action of enzymes, which will lead to cancer of liver cells. It will also increase the level of estrogen in the body and induce breast and reproductive system cancer in women.

　　3. Alcoholic beverages: In addition to ethanol and acetaldehyde, some alcoholic beverages contain carcinogenic substances such as asbestos fiber, arsenic and nickel; Carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzopyrene) may also be produced during the fermentation and distillation of wine and alcoholic beverages.

　　4. Smoking: Cigarettes contain a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, formaldehyde and other carcinogens, which are related to lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer and cervical cancer.

　　5. Second-hand tobacco smoke: In the cold smoke exhaled by smokers, the tar content is twice as high as that in the hot smoke inhaled by smokers, and the benzopyrene content is twice as high.

　　6. Smokeless tobacco: including chewing tobacco and snuff, etc. The content of nicotine and nitrosamine is higher, and it contains carcinogens such as formaldehyde, arsenic and cadmium.

　　7.N’- nitroso-nornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N- methyl nitrosamino) -1-(3- pyridyl) -1- butanone (NNK): two nitrosamine compounds existing in tobacco and smoke can induce a variety of cancers.

　　8. Processed meat (intake): cured meat contains more nitrite and phosphate, and smoked meat contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene).

　　9. Chinese salted fish: A large amount of nitrite is produced in the salting process, which may be related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

　　10. Areca nut: Areca nut has a lot of crude fiber, which will cause continuous damage to oral mucosa and lead to cancer. The alkaline substances and alkaloids contained in betel nut will destroy the cell membrane of mucosal cells and DNA of cells.

　　11. Betel nut chews containing tobacco: The cause of cancer is similar to that of betel nut. Tobacco only increases the toxicity of betel nut.

　　12. Betel nut chews without tobacco: The cause of cancer is similar to that of betel nut.

　　13. Outdoor air pollution: It is easy to cause lung cancer, and the risk of bladder cancer will also increase.

　　14. Outdoor air pollution containing particles: inhalable particles such as PM10 and PM2.5 are also considered to be extremely harmful to human health and will increase the risk of cancer.

　　15. Diesel engine exhaust: The exhaust gas contains hundreds of different compounds, which have been confirmed to be related to lung cancer and bladder cancer.

　　16. Indoor emission of domestic coal burning: it will emit carcinogens represented by benzopyrene, which is easy to induce lung cancer.

　　17. benzopyrene: a chemical substance found in coal tar, which is commonly found in automobile exhaust (especially diesel engines), smoke produced by burning tobacco and wood, and charcoal-baked food.

　　18. Benzene: the basic raw material of petrochemical industry, including paint, wallpaper, carpet, printer, automobile exhaust, synthetic fiber, building decoration materials, wood-based panel furniture and cigarette smoke. The products of benzene metabolism in human body will lead to the breakage and fragmentation of DNA chain and induce leukemia.

　　19. Formaldehyde: It has a wide range of industrial uses, and ordinary people are mainly exposed to formaldehyde through artificial boards in newly renovated homes. It can cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neonatal malformation, childhood leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloid leukemia and so on.

　　20. Untreated or lightly treated mineral oil: used for making hair cream, hair oil, hair wax, lipstick, facial oil, skin care grease, etc., and also used as food additives. It is a by-product of petroleum and contains a variety of hydrocarbons. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other impurities may induce cancer.

　　radiation

　　21. Solar radiation: Excessive exposure, ultraviolet rays in the sun can lead to skin cancer.

　　22. Ultraviolet radiation (wavelength 100-400nm, including UVA, UVB and UVC): damages DNA in skin cells, leading to skin cancer.

　　23. Ultraviolet luminous sunbathing equipment: it releases ultraviolet radiation, damages DNA in skin cells and leads to skin cancer.

　　24. xanthotoxin (8- methoxsalen) with ultraviolet A radiation: xanthotoxin plus ultraviolet therapy is mainly used to treat skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis abroad, but it may induce cell canceration.

　　25. Ionizing radiation (all types): Ionizing radiation is radiation that can ionize the affected substances, mainly including α-rays, β-rays, proton streams, neutron streams, X-rays and γ-rays. Ionizing radiation can induce various types of DNA molecular damage, thus causing cancer.

　　26. Radionuclide, alpha particle radiation, internal deposition: produced when heavy atoms (such as uranium and radium) or artificial nuclides decay, equivalent to helium nuclei, which can cause tissue damage and cancer.

　　27. Radionuclide, beta particle radiation, internal deposition: produced when radioactive nuclei decay, equivalent to electrons, which can cause tissue damage and cancer.

　　28.X-ray and gamma-ray radiation: produce ionizing radiation and destroy cell DNA.

　　29. Neutron radiation: Neutrons released from the nucleus by artificial methods can cause malignant tumors and leukemia.

　　Fission products, including strontium -90: heavy nuclear fission produces many radionuclides. Fission products are widely used in industry, agriculture and medicine. For example, krypton -85 is used as the energy source of β radioactive source and self-luminous lamp. Cesium -137 is a gamma radiation source; Strontium -90 is a beta radioactive source; Technetium -99m is used for clinical diagnosis in nuclear medicine. Strontium -90 is easy to cause leukemia, and cesium -137 can cause liver cancer and kidney cancer.

　　31. Radioactive iodine, including iodine -131: commonly used in cancer chemotherapy, but also has carcinogenic risks.

　　32. Radon -222 and its decay products: Natural stones may contain radioactive radon, and building materials are the main source of indoor radon.

　　33. Radium -224 and its decay products: All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, and ionizing radiation can make fluorescent substances glow.

　　34. Radium -226 and its decay products

　　35. Radium -228 and its decay products

　　36. Thorium -232 and its decay products: natural radionuclides, large-scale earth-rock engineering such as mining and tunneling, and nuclear fuel waste disposal.

　　37. Plutonium: a radioactive element, an important raw material for the atomic energy industry, and a fission agent for nuclear fuel and nuclear weapons. Plutonium tends to accumulate in the liver and bones, causing cancer in human tissues.

　　38. Phosphorus -32, phosphate form: a radioactive isotope of phosphorus. Phosphate is mainly used for adjuvant treatment of some malignant tumors, and it is carcinogenic.

　　virus bacteriaParasites and toxins

　　39. Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection): Hepatitis B virus can cause DNA rearrangement and DNA fragment loss, and reduce the degradation ability of liver cells to other carcinogens. Suggestion: Vaccinate against hepatitis B..

　　40. Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection): The core protein of the virus is closely related to liver cancer.

　　41. Human immunodeficiency virus type I (infection): that is, AIDS virus, which can synthesize DNA and integrate it into the DNA of the host cell, causing cancerous transformation of the cell, especially when the cellular immunity is destroyed and the immune surveillance function is lost. Suggestion: wear a condom! Wear a condom! Wear a condom!

　　42. Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59: DNA viruses. At present, more than 130 kinds have been isolated, which are divided into high-risk and low-risk types, and different types will cause different clinical manifestations. Among them, high-risk types 16 and 18 are the main types of cervical cancer. Suggestion: Girls should be vaccinated after they are 12 years old.

　　43. Human T-lymphotropic virus type I: change the DNA of host lymphocytes, make cells proliferate and divide continuously, and induce leukemia.

　　44. Epstein-Barr virus: a herpes virus, which is transmitted through saliva and mainly causes acute infectious mononucleosis. It is related to many malignant tumors such as T-cell lymphoma.

　　45. Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus: a herpes virus that can cause Kaposi’s sarcoma (endothelial cell tumor) and primary exudative lymphoma.

　　46. Helicobacter pylori (infection): It is mainly transmitted through mouth-to-mouth and feces-to-mouth. Long-term settlement in the stomach will gradually destroy the gastrointestinal wall and cause gastric cancer. Suggestion: once found, try to cure it.

　　47. Clonorchis sinensis (infection): Also known as clonorchis sinensis, it is mainly infected by eating uncooked freshwater fish or shrimp containing clonorchis sinensis metacercariae. It can cause proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells and carcinogenesis, mainly adenocarcinoma. Suggestion: Try not to eat drunken shrimp, drunken crab, freshwater fish and sashimi.

　　48. Clonorchis musk deer (infection): Infected by eating raw fish containing metacercariae, similar to clonorchiasis sinensis. Parasitic in the hepatobiliary duct, inducing cholangiocarcinoma.

　　49. Schistosoma japonicum (infection): Mainly distributed in Africa, southern Europe and the Middle East, it can cause bladder cancer.

　　50. Aflatoxin: It is a metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It mainly exists in moldy peanuts, corn, soybeans, rice, wheat and other grain, nuts and oil products. Eating food containing low concentration of aflatoxin for a long time is considered to be the main cause of liver cancer, gastric cancer and intestinal cancer. Aflatoxin mainly interferes with the synthesis of RNA and DNA Suggestion: When you eat bitter nuts, spit them out quickly, and then rinse your mouth. Once the chopping board at home is moldy, don’t use it again.

　　Anticancer drugs and other drugs

　　51. Bai Xiaoan: an anticancer drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. By alkylating with guanine in cell DNA, the structure and function of DNA are destroyed, which may also cause cancer.

　　52. chlorambucil: Anticancer drugs are used to treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma, several non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma and some breast cancers. It will cause cross-linking of DNA chains and affect DNA function, thus causing cancer.

　　53. Naphthalene nitrogen mustard: an anticancer drug, which is used to treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is now rare. Causing cross-linking of DNA chains affects DNA function, thus causing cancer.

　　54. Cyclophosphamide: anticancer drug, used to treat malignant lymphoma, acute or chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, testicular tumor, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Cross-linking with DNA inhibits DNA synthesis and interferes with DNA and RNA functions.

　　55. Melphalan: an anticancer drug used to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. It works by destroying the DNA structure.

　　56. Etoposide: an anticancer drug, mainly used to treat small cell lung cancer, malignant lymphoma, malignant germ cell tumor and leukemia, as well as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Act on DNA enzymes, making damaged DNA irreparable.

　　57. Combination of etoposide with cisplatin and bleomycin: combined chemotherapy scheme, mainly used for ovarian germ cell malignant tumor and laryngeal cancer.

　　58. Combined chemotherapy with 58.MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, methylbenzyl hydrazine, prednisone) and other alkylating agents: the treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma has cancer risk.

　　59. Smestatin [1-(2- chloroethyl) -3-(4- methylcyclohexyl) -1- nitrosourea, methyl-cyclohexylnitrosourea]: an anticancer drug, mainly used to treat malignant melanoma, malignant lymphoma, brain tumor, lung cancer, etc.

　　60. tamoxifen: an anticancer drug used to treat breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

　　61. Triaminothion: an anticancer drug used to treat ovarian cancer.

　　62. Shu Fan: Anti-cancer drug, mainly for lung cancer.

　　63. Azathioprine: an anti-rejection drug used in organ transplantation, which can inhibit the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein through antagonism with purine, and can induce cancer.

　　64. Cyclosporin: an anti-rejection drug for liver, kidney and heart transplantation. Because of immunosuppression, it will increase the risk of cancer.

　　65. Diethylstilbestrol: synthetic estrogen. It can cause adenocarcinoma of female reproductive system and carcinogenesis of fetus through placenta.

　　66. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy: It may increase the incidence of breast cancer and endometrial cancer (controversial).

　　67. Estrogen-progesterone menopause treatment (combination): It may increase the incidence of breast cancer and endometrial cancer (controversial).

　　68. Estrogen-progesterone oral contraceptives (combined): can induce liver cancer and increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer.

　　69. Phenacetin: antipyretic and analgesic drugs have been banned in many countries. Large doses may induce kidney cancer and bladder cancer.

　　70. Analgesic mixture containing phenacetin: It is often made into compound preparations with aspirin, caffeine, phenobarbital, etc. It is used to treat fever, headache, toothache, neuralgia, etc., which can cause serious kidney damage and liver damage, and induce kidney cancer and bladder cancer.

　　71. Aristolochic acid: Some studies believe that aristolochic acid mainly induces liver cancer through gene mutation, and some studies believe that large doses of aristolochic acid may induce precancerous lesions in the liver by changing the epigenetic "inflammatory cancer transformation mechanism" through non-gene additivity.

　　72. Plants containing aristolochic acid: Aristolochic acid widely exists in plants of Aristolochiaceae. Common medicinal materials containing aristolochic acid include Aristolochia, Clematis, Aristolochia, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Aristolochia manshuriensis, etc.

　　Industrial products and their pollution

　　73. Cadmium and cadmium compounds: Cadmium is mainly used to make alloys, nickel-cadmium batteries, solders and semiconductor materials. Ordinary people mainly ingest cadmium by inhaling cadmium in polluted air and eating cadmium-contaminated crops (such as rice containing cadmium). Fish, shrimp and snails in rivers polluted by cadmium are usually enriched with cadmium. Cadmium can increase the risk of lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and digestive tract tumors.

　　74. Chromium (VI) compounds: Wastewater from leather manufacturing and metallurgical chemical industry pollutes water bodies, farmland and aquatic products, and then enters the human body. Chromium (VI) compounds have strong oxidation and are harmful to digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin and mucosa. The cancer-causing site is mainly the lung.

　　75. Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds: Arsenic exists in rocks as inorganic arsenic compounds in nature. Arsenic trioxide is commonly known as arsenic Arsenic-containing wastewater and wastes discharged from industrial and mineral development, arsenic-containing pesticides and herbicides used in agriculture are all sources of arsenic. It can cause skin cancer and lung cancer. Remind parents in rural areas to wear long-sleeved clothes and masks when playing pesticides.

　　76. Nickel compounds can be used to manufacture ceramics, glass, catalysts, magnetic materials, electronic components and storage batteries. Nickel compounds can induce oncogene expression and cancer cell expansion in human body.

　　77. Beryllium and Beryllium compounds: Beryllium and Beryllium compounds are mainly used in alloys, atomic energy, rockets, missiles, aviation and space navigation. After entering the human body, insoluble beryllium oxide is mainly stored in the lungs, which can cause lung cancer. Soluble beryllium compounds are mainly stored in bones, liver, kidneys and lymph nodes, which cause pathological changes in organs or tissues and cause cancer.

　　78. Asbestos (various forms, including actinolite, chrysotile, amphibole, chrysotile, crocidolite and tremolite): Asbestos is a general term for natural, fibrous and silicate minerals. Mainly used in fire-resistant asbestos textiles, water pipes, insulation boards and thermal insulation materials in buildings, electrical appliances, automobiles and household goods. Asbestos itself is non-toxic, but fine asbestos dust will attach and deposit in the lungs, causing lung cancer and mesothelioma in pleura and peritoneum.

　　79. Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole: Similar to asbestos, it is easy to deposit in the lungs, which can induce lung cancer and mesothelioma in the pleura and peritoneum.

　　80. Maozeolitic: a rare natural ore, similar in nature to asbestos, can cause mesothelioma in pleural and peritoneal positions.

　　81.2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: The most toxic monomer of all dioxin types, which is not artificially produced and has no use, is the product discharged from burning garbage and industrial waste without treatment.

　　82.2,3,4,7,8- Pentachlorodibenzofuran: a kind of dioxins, which can damage the immune system, nervous system, endocrine system and reproductive function. Long-term excessive intake may cause malignant tumors in multiple systems and parts.

　　83. Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have WHO toxic equivalent factor (TEF) (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189): they are classified as "dioxins" and have similar toxicity.

　　84. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): synthetic organic substances, which are used as heat carriers, insulating oils and lubricating oils in industry. Waste discharged from factories is the main source of pollution. It can be absorbed through skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract, and enriched in human body, causing diseases of brain, skin and viscera and affecting nervous, reproductive and immune systems. The main organ that causes cancer is liver.

　　85.3,4,5,3′,4′- pentachlorobenzene (PCB-126): It is mainly used as a heat-resistant and flame-resistant plasticizer, which is related to the occurrence of liver cancer.

　　86. Pentachlorophenol (polychlorophenol): It is mainly used as herbicide in paddy fields, preservative and mildew inhibitor for textiles, leather, paper and wood. It is teratogenic and carcinogenic to human body. Dioxin compounds will be released when burning.

　　87.4,4′- Methylene bis (2- chloroaniline) (MOCA): Curing agent for synthetic rubber and epoxy resin, which has cancer risk.

　　88.4- Aminobenzene: It is an intermediate of pesticides and dyes. It is mainly used for organic synthesis, making dyes and making rubber antioxidants. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin.

　　89. benzidine: an intermediate of synthetic dyes, which can easily induce bladder cancer after long-term exposure.

　　90. benzidine produced by dye metabolism: some dyes may produce benzidine after metabolism, which leads to structural and functional changes in DNA of human cells.

　　91.2- Naphthylamine: Used for making dyes and organic synthesis, and also used as organic analytical reagent and fluorescent indicator. Long-term exposure has the risk of inducing bladder cancer.

　　92. O-toluidine: mainly used as dye, pesticide, medicine and organic synthesis intermediate, which can induce bladder cancer.

　　93. Vinyl chloride: used as a comonomer of various polymers, an important raw material in the plastic industry, and also used as a refrigerant, which can induce hepatic angiosarcoma.

　　94. Trichloroethylene: It has been used as an analgesic and a metal degreasing agent, and it can also be used as an extractant, a bactericide, a refrigerant and a clothes dry cleaning agent. It is related to many cancers such as liver cancer and kidney cancer.

　　95.1,3- butadiene: It is the raw material for manufacturing synthetic rubber, synthetic resin and nylon. It can cause malignant tumors in cardiovascular, lung, stomach, liver, breast and kidney.

　　96. Lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane): Agricultural pesticide, commonly known as HCH. It is associated with breast cancer and rectal cancer.

　　97.1,2- Dichloropropane: the raw material for the manufacture of pesticides, insecticides, detergents, rubber and medicines, which is considered to be the culprit for the frequent occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma in Japanese printing industry (used to remove ink attached to printing machines).

　　98. Ethylene oxide: a bactericide in washing, pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing industries. Long-term exposure will increase the risk of leukemia and malignant tumors in hematopoietic system.

　　99. Bis (chloromethyl) ether; Chloromethyl methyl ether (industrial grade): They are mainly used in the production of anion exchange resins and sulfadiazine drugs, etc. Long-term contact can cause lung cancer.

　　100. Sulfur mustard gas: chemical weapon mustard gas, scientific name is diethyl sulfide dichloride, which can cause skin and immune system cancer.

　　Industrial production process and occupational exposure

　　101. Painters, painters, painters, etc. (occupational exposure): Pigments contain heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium, and paints and organic solvents contain benzene and formaldehyde. Long-term exposure will increase the risk of cancer.

　　102. Rubber manufacturing: In the production process, there are many chemical additives, which are easy to contact carcinogens such as aniline, causing bladder cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer and leukemia.

　　103. Steel casting (occupational exposure): Many links may lead to high incidence of cancer, such as benzopyrene in furnace smoke.

　　104. Hematite mining (underground): Exposure to dust during mining may lead to lung cancer. Radon escaping from underground will cause ionizing radiation.

　　105. Crystalline silica dust in the form of Shi Ying or FangShi Ying: Workers who have been engaged in mining, quarrying, stone crushing and working in glass factories, ceramics factories and enamel factories for a long time are prone to frequent inhalation of silica dust, which is not only prone to respiratory diseases, but also has a higher risk of heart disease and cancer.

　　106. Welding dust: It contains harmful substances such as manganese dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fluoride and ozone, and also contains fine metal particles such as heavy metal cadmium.

　　107. Wood dust: contains carcinogens such as wood tar and benzopyrene.

　　108. Leather powder: common in the process of shoemaking, which is easy to cause nasal cancer.

　　109. soot (occupational exposure of chimney cleaners): carcinogens such as benzopyrene exist in soot.

　　110. Coal gasification: pollutants such as dust, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and carcinogens such as coal tar, benzene and phenol will be produced in the industrial process.

　　111. Coal tar distillation: carcinogens such as benzene and benzopyrene will be produced in the industrial process.

　　112. Coal tar pitch: the residue after distillation and extraction of fractions from coal tar is mainly used to produce pitch coke, road asphalt, various asphalt anticorrosive paints, etc., and contains carcinogens such as benzopyrene.

　　113. Shale oil: The oil contained in shale may cause occupational skin cancer.

　　114. Coke production: carcinogens such as benzene and benzopyrene will be produced in the industrial process.

　　115. Acheson method related to occupational exposure (making silicon carbide by electric arc furnace): This is an industrial method of making silicon carbide by mixing quartz sand and coke, and carcinogens such as coal tar and benzopyrene are emitted during smelting. Silicon carbide is mainly used to make wear-resistant materials, circuit components, photovoltaic products and so on.

　　116. Aluminum production: Aluminum production may produce dust such as alumina and petroleum coke, and harmful substances such as fluoride, sulfide, asphalt smoke and carbon monoxide.

　　117. Production of auramine: Auramine is a chemical used as a dye and dye intermediate for dyeing fabrics, paper and leather. The production process (including exposure to other chemicals) is related to the increase of bladder cancer.

　　118. Production of magenta: magenta is mainly used for dyeing textiles such as silk, acrylic fiber and wool. Workers who produce magenta dyes have an increased risk of bladder cancer.

　　119. Strong inorganic acid fog: refers to the foggy acid substances formed by inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, which mainly appear in the process of acid use in chemical industry, electronics, metallurgy, electroplating, textile (chemical fiber), machinery manufacturing and other industries, and have cancer risk.

　　120. Using strong acid to produce isopropanol: Isopropanol is an important chemical raw material, which is mainly used as dehydrating agent and cleaning agent in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, plastics, spices, coatings and electronics industries. Isopropanol is not a carcinogen, but strong acid treatment may cause cancer.

　　* Note: ① The original list is sorted by the English initials of carcinogens, and the classification is added by the editor for reference only. ② A carcinogen mentioned in this article can cause some cancers, which refers to a possibility after long-term and excessive intake. If you only eat a little occasionally or touch it occasionally, don’t worry, it’s still safe.

　　Enter "Hainan taro" on Taobao, and it must be "Danzhou taro"! Sell taro online. Danzhou taro is the first one in Hainan. In recent years, taro, once a supplement to food rations, suddenly became popular in cities, especially those families who pay attention to healthy eating began to look for good taro everywhere.

　　Taro in Danzhou benefits from the fertile soil and sweet mountain spring water. The taro is of good quality, brown skin and white meat, fragrant and pink in taste, and is widely welcomed. The taro produced in Danzhou is moderate in size and beautiful in appearance. It is rich in crude protein, starch, calcium and inorganic salts with high vitamins and other ingredients. It has the effects of invigorating qi, nourishing kidney, strengthening spleen and stomach and strengthening the body. It is not only an excellent raw material for making snacks and delicacies, but also a good nutritional product for nourishing the body.

　　Taro has the effects of stimulating appetite, promoting fluid production, diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, invigorating qi and tonifying kidney, and can be used for treating stomachache, dysentery and chronic nephritis. According to nutritional analysis, taro can produce beauty beauty and black hair, and can also be used to prevent and treat hyperacidity. Taro contains a variety of trace elements, which can enhance the immune function of human body and can be used as a staple food for preventing and treating cancer.

　　Taro is not only a vegetable but also a grain, which can be cooked, dried or powdered. Taro tastes soft, tender and refreshing, and can be used as a dish and a variety of snacks. It is crisp and delicious. There are many ways to eat taro: boiling, steaming, roasting, roasting, frying, stewing and frying.

　　The most common way is to cook taro with chicken and pork after it is cooked or steamed, which is fragrant but not greasy, crisp but not rotten. Taro braised pork, taro roast chicken, pumpkin taro pot and chopped pepper taro, which Hainan people often eat, are delicious dishes with taro as ingredients.

　　Coconut taro sago dew

　　Ingredients: sago, taro, coconut juice, sugar.

　　Practice: Take a pot of clear water, boil it, add sago, stir it while cooking on medium fire, until sago is translucent for about 15 minutes, turn off the fire and stew for 10 minutes until it is completely transparent, rinse the mucus with cold water for later use; Peel taro, cut into blocks, steam in a steamer for about 20 minutes until it is glutinous (chopsticks can easily pass through), and set aside; Pour coconut juice into a pot, add appropriate amount of water to dilute it, then add appropriate amount of sugar, boil it, pour in taro and sago and stir well.

　　Sweet potato sparerib

　　Ingredients: pork chop, taro, salt, chicken essence, soy sauce, starch, vegetable oil, sesame oil and white sugar.

　　Practice: Peel taro and cut it into dices; Mix the ribs with a little salt, soy sauce, a little sugar, a little chicken powder, vegetable oil and a spoonful of starch, and marinate them for later use; Add diced taro into the ribs, mix well, and then pour a little sesame oil; Boil the water in the steamer, put it into the pot and steam it for about 15-20 minutes.

　　CCTV News:At the press conference held on May 17th, Meng Wei, spokesperson of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that at present, China’s new energy automobile industry is facing unprecedented development opportunities, and various measures will be taken to expand the consumption of new energy vehicles.

　　In the first four months of this year, the production and sales volume of new energy vehicles in China reached 2.291 million and 2.222 million respectively, up by 42.8% year-on-year. From the monthly trend, in the first four months of this year, the growth rate of production and sales of new energy vehicles showed a trend of low opening, high going and continuous acceleration.

　　From the international market, January — In April, China exported 348,000 new energy vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 1.7 times. More than 10,000 cars of various brands are waiting to be shipped out to sea at a car ro-ro terminal in Shanghai Waigaoqiao Port Area.

　　Chen Shihua, Deputy Secretary-General of China Automobile Industry Association, said that although the sharp year-on-year increase in production and sales was influenced by the low cardinal utility in the same period last year, overall, the new energy automobile industry is developing steadily, and its supply capacity and quality are constantly improving, and it is becoming an important force to stabilize the industry.

　　The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration recently issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Better Support New Energy Vehicles to the Countryside and Rural Revitalization", proposing to speed up the realization of areas suitable for the use of new energy vehicles, "full coverage of counties and counties" of charging stations and "full coverage of villages and towns" of charging piles, and enhance the support and guarantee capacity of rural power grids, so as to gradually crack the "blocking point" and "pain point" of purchasing and using new energy vehicles in rural areas.

　　The insiders believe that China’s new energy automobile industry has entered a period of comprehensive market expansion, but the profitability, independent innovation and comprehensive competitiveness of the industrial chain need to be further improved. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that it is working with relevant departments to study and introduce relevant policies and measures to stabilize automobile consumption and expand domestic demand growth. At the same time, accelerate the technological breakthroughs and industrial applications of new system batteries, automotive chips and automotive operating systems, and enhance the overall competitiveness and development quality of the new energy automobile industry.

　　China news agency, Beijing, October 4 (Reporter Ruan Yulin) Li Ganjie, Minister of Environmental Protection of China, stressed during his investigation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas during the 11th National Day that since the beginning of this year, the air quality in some places has fluctuated, and the improvement rate of air quality has obviously slowed down or even rebounded, making it very difficult to complete the set goals and tasks for the whole year. It is necessary to strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision and promote the effectiveness of various measures to prevent and control air pollution.

　　The Ministry of Environmental Protection announced on the 4th that Li Ganjie led a team to Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan and other places for investigation from October 1st to 3rd. Bulk coal combustion has become an important factor affecting the quality of atmospheric environment in northern China in winter, and it is also a weak area in the current air pollution control in China.

　　Li Ganjie pointed out that it is urgent to solve the problem of bulk coal heating. We must adhere to the principle of replacing coal with gas, replacing coal with electricity and replacing high-quality coal simultaneously, and continue to promote it according to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, implementing it step by step and taking multiple measures simultaneously.

　　To promote Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas in 2017— In the comprehensive control of air pollution in autumn and winter of 2018, Li Ganjie proposed to maintain a high-pressure situation and strengthen environmental law enforcement and supervision. Since the beginning of this year, the air quality situation in some places has fluctuated, and the improvement of air quality has slowed down obviously, or even rebounded. It is very difficult to complete the set goals and tasks for the whole year. It is necessary to strengthen environmental law enforcement and supervision, urge all localities to increase environmental governance, and promote the effectiveness of various measures to prevent and control air pollution.

　　At the same time, it is necessary to strictly quantify the assessment accountability and promote the pressure transmission in place. Conscientiously implement the "five-step method" of supervision, assignment, inspection, interview and special inspection, fully complete all the objectives and tasks of "Atmosphere Ten", and resolutely fight the blue sky defense. (End)

　　The 48th Golden Horse Award has just concluded. Among the five works nominated for best film, except the relatively pure Taiwan Province films, the main producers of the other four films are all from the mainland, and most of the films nominated for other awards are also from Beijing, which is unprecedented in the Golden Horse Award in recent years. Regardless of whether "seediq bale" won the best film for the time being to praise local films, it can be seen from this nomination list that apart from the integration of mainland and Hong Kong films, the integration of Taiwan Province, Hong Kong, the mainland and the three places across the Taiwan Straits has become a general trend.

Seven cross-strait co-productions a year usher in a new era.

　　Xu Anhua won three weighty awards: Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Director. The three producers of this film, Bona Film Entertainment Co., Ltd., are from the mainland, Yingyi Entertainment Co., Ltd. is from Hong Kong, and Yindu Institution Co., Ltd. is a film company with a more mainland background although it is nominally from Hong Kong. In recent years, the film industry of Hong Kong and the Mainland has cooperated in an all-round way, and a large number of Hong Kong filmmakers have moved northward, which has jointly promoted the rapid development of the Chinese film market with mainland filmmakers, and this co-production craze has now begun to affect Taiwan Province.

　　The Taipei Film Committee mainly assists domestic and foreign film workers in Taiwan Province in landscape survey, venue application, financing, production and marketing … … After the signing of ECFA (Framework Agreement on Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation), there are more and more co-productions between the mainland and Taiwan Province. Rao Zijuan, director of the Taipei Film Committee, told Sina Entertainment that in 2011, two co-produced films, Starry Sky, were released in the mainland and Taiwan Province, and in 2012, there will be about seven co-produced films from Taiwan Province in the mainland to meet the audience, including LOVE directed by Doze Niu, starring Ehan Juan, Mark Chao and Zhao Wei, supervised by Li-Kong Hsu, and Eating Men and Women 2: Good Near and Good Far, starring Lan Zhenglong and Huo Siyan. There are so many co-productions, which can’t be compared with previous years.

Small fresh with large complementary environmental resources is the root of development.

　　Netizen Don He believes that from the award results of this Golden Horse Award, Taiwan Province is actually supporting local films as a big Chinese-speaking circle. Rao Zijuan, director of the Taipei Film Committee, believes that this is actually the inevitable way out after the development of Taiwan Province film. There is no special film school in Taiwan Province, but only the film departments of various universities, and many talents have to go overseas for further study, which has caused the film professionals, including directors, to often have a broken file. Rao Zijuan recalled that when he returned to Taiwan Province and worked in "Taiwan Province China Film Co., Ltd.", the company could not find any staff proficient in English to help foreign directors see the scenery. In addition to sufficient funds and a huge audience, the mainland has more film resources, which can provide necessary training for new directors. Moreover, co-production can break through the limitation of projection quota, which provides rich soil for the development of co-production. Rao Zijuan said, "Taiwan Province people like to talk about ideas, while mainlanders like to tell stories. Compared with the mainland, Taiwan Province’s culture is more detailed, filmmakers pay more attention to details, and the two sides complement each other, which can improve the quality of the film. "

　　In addition, the younger generation of directors in Taiwan Province now seem to have a more sense of mission. Some directors have made movies that sell well at the box office, but they can still go to other crews as deputy directors. They have a very close relationship. Director Jia Zhangke (Weibo) once gave a concise description of the relationship between mainland directors in Weibo. "Everyone looks down on each other." The ecological gap between the two places can be seen.

　　Rao Zijuan said, perhaps it is because Taiwan Province films have been waiting too long for a "renaissance", and directors like to discuss some profound topics. Nowadays, Taiwan Province seems to be less like a Chinese film made solely for entertainment.

Give up the quota system and impress the audience on both sides of the strait with "love"

　　Although there are more and more co-productions, it is now stipulated in Taiwan Province that only ten mainland films can be shown in a year. Interestingly, there is no quota limit for films in other regions. In mainland China, Taiwan Province films are imported, and the quota is pitiful. In recent years, only a few works have been shown to mainland audiences. It is understood that on December 9th, Eddie Peng Yuyan, who won the Golden Horse Award for Best Original Song, will be released in the Mainland on December 9th. According to informed sources, the box office miracles in Taiwan Province and Hongkong will also be released in the Mainland in January next year.

　　In addition, more and more filmmakers also call for breaking the quota restrictions, introducing more excellent films and strengthening cultural exchanges between the two sides, which requires the efforts of both sides.

　　Peggy Chiao, the godmother of Taiwan Province film New Wave, a famous scholar and producer, once said that although there is only a shallow strait between the mainland and Taiwan Province, the cultural gap is actually very deep. Rao Zijuan, director of the Taipei Film Committee, also said that at present, talking about love and humanity is still an excellent channel to break the "hard ice" of cross-strait culture. Xiaogang Feng’s made NT$ 30 million (about RMB 6.28 million), setting a record for the highest box office of mainland movies in Taiwan Province. "This film focuses on people after the natural disaster, and everything returns to people. This is a universal emotion."

Reasonable Marketing, Let Movies Boost Taiwan Province Tourism

　　Of course, mastering "love" does not mean getting the secret of success, and the expression is equally important. Xiaogang Feng’s box office in Taiwan Province is very ordinary, and it has not received a strong response, while Jiang Wen’s box office in Taiwan Province is less than NT$ 1 million, although it has swept the mainland film market. Rao Zijuan believes that such problems are mainly due to the failure of marketing and cultural barriers.

　　"We hope to promote cultural tourism between the mainland and Taiwan Province through Doze Niu’s LOVE, which will be released in the two places on Valentine’s Day next year." Rao Zijuan said, "Through this film, we can see the lives of ordinary Beijingers, which is what young people in Taiwan Province want to know. "If You Are the One" is also a love affair, but it is more like acting between two stars, Ge You and Shu Qi (Weibo). " Rao Zijuan also mentioned the drama "Treasure Island Village", which was widely welcomed in the mainland. This work about the culture of Taiwan Province’s family village has won unprecedented success, which shows that the cross-strait desire for cultural communication is still very strong.

　　Rao Zijuan believes that most film distribution companies in Taiwan Province still don’t know how to market mainland films, which leads to many excellent films being buried. Taiwan Province films often encounter such problems in the Mainland. In this regard, the Tangshan Earthquake produced by Huayi did a good job. Before the film was released in Taiwan Province, the distributor found Xiaogang Feng, Chen Guofu and Hou Xiaoxian to hold a forum to create momentum for the film. In addition, China Times Publishing House also printed the highlights of the original film novel Aftershock into a booklet and sent it free of charge, which attracted the attention of a large number of intellectuals. In any case, attention to detail marketing can always win the hearts of the audience.

It is difficult to remake, and it is even more difficult to remake judicial themes. Law, as the embodiment of the will of the ruling class, can well reflect the national conditions of a country. On the other hand, law will change social concepts and human behavior patterns. It is easy to translate a country’s laws, but it is difficult to move a country’s judicial practice patterns. After all, the laws printed on paper need to be operated by people, and the same procedures in different countries may result in completely different results.

Prosecutors in South Korea have great power, and most of the judicature is reflected in the self-realization of state violence. They have long been regarded as the hero of romantic dramas as "Su", or they are just incarnations of anti-corruption and combating social darkness, with "politics" but few "laws", and civil rights are rarely reflected.

In the past two years, prosecutors are no longer the omnipotent role of the hero, and lawyers and judges, the other two major components of the legal profession, have begun to receive much attention. South Korea’s water trial lawyer drama basically relies on remake, and the remake of American TV series "Proud Wife" and "Golden Lawyer" is unsuccessful. In Zuo Zhuan, it is said that "one drum is full of enthusiasm, and then it will fail, and three times it will be exhausted". It is reasonable to say that this type of test is unsuccessful twice. After all, the Korean remake of ethical dramas and criminal investigation themes has been done very well, and the market response is also very good. There is no need to give up on yourself.

But Koreans just want to understand the difficulty of remaking the legal type of Shu Dao. JTBC just created a "miracle of Hanjiang River" on cable TV with "City of the Sky" and then began to beat the drums to exhaustion, and took out a remake of the Korean version of the Japanese drama "Legal High" with the same name, and the ratings returned to the normal state of cable TV.

Korean drama "Legal High" poster

Legal High, a Japanese Fuji TV series starring Sakai Masato and Aragaki Yui and written by Ryota Kosawa, has an unshakable position in the hearts of China audiences. In previous years, every large-scale discussion involving legal issues, many screenshots of this TV series will be taken as the main argument, which is used more frequently than the screenshots of the TV series "The Queen’s Classroom" starring Amami Yuki.

Because the Japanese version starring in the audience has a good relationship and the TV series has a high popularity, it has become an insurmountable mountain in the hearts of China audiences. For the audience in China, both Japanese and Korean versions are imported, so they don’t need to experience the "localization" problem personally, just follow their own preferences and feelings. As long as the Korean version can’t surpass the original, it is unlikely to win the nostalgic audience in China. If the remake is not good, it will be miserable.

Douban score of the play

There is no need to say anything about what kind of story Legal High tells, but in order to point out the shortcomings of Korean dramas, we still have to say a few words. The Japanese version of the hero Gumeimen Kensuke (played by Sakai Masato) is a wonderful work of lawyers. He has been tempted on the edge of unconscionable for a long time. He is extravagant and lustful, but he can’t get it. On the whole, he is a comedy character. At the same time, he has a very powerful mouth, speaks like a cannon ball, and is as sharp as The Lancet. No matter what kind of opponents he faces, the audience also finds that this role is not unprincipled. De Mariko, played by Aragaki Yui, is described as "the heroine of the morning play". She is naive, kind and persistent, and is always played by the leading actor, which is the contrast of the leading actor.

Korean dramas basically maintain the comic character setting and comic exaggerated acting of Japanese dramas. The difference is that the overall temperament of the Japanese drama version is comic, especially the omnipotent Hattori uncle, whose existence is simply reminding the audience that this story can be set as semi-overhead.

However, the exaggeration of Korean dramas is not the whole, and only exists on the surface of the hero. In order to better "localize", the Korean version has added too many social problems in South Korea, such as power harassment, sexual harassment, gender equality, the gap between the rich and the poor, and so on. Xu Enxiu, the actress of Xu Zairen, starred in the famous Korean morning drama "My Golden Life" No.2, and in this drama, it is also a typical Korean "morning drama heroine" setting: Cinderella with a strong life. After the whole atmosphere was dismembered by these stereotyped elements of Korean dramas, Gao Tailin, the hero played by Jin Goo, was left to go crazy alone.

Jin Goo Shi Gao Tai Lin

Although every case in Legal High is social and reflects relatively profound social problems, its style is like comedy. Comedy is difficult to shoot, and the key lies in the kind of proper limit, where one point goes too far and one point doesn’t reach the designated position. The Japanese version is a fierce medicine that goes too far and stormed the audience. If this medicine is strengthened, it is basically equivalent to madness.

In order not to let the hero who is crazy alone be lonely, the Korean version diluted the crazy suicide methods in three ways. One is to drag the plot very slowly. The Korean version has a single episode of one hour, JTBC Golden Land File has two episodes every week, and the premiere week lasts for two hours, but the content is only equivalent to 37 minutes of the Japanese version.

The second method is to add suspense plots that do not exist in the original, and at the same time smash the suspense carefully set by the original. The former is, for example, the assassination of the hero by an unknown third party, while the latter is, for example, the appearance of the No.2 universal helper around the hero in advance, which makes the heroine find that one of the important roles in encouraging public opinion in the stage of collecting evidence is the intentional arrangement of the hero, which becomes boring.

The third is to add the usual tragic elements in Korean dramas. When the heroine was a child, she had an intersection with the defendant. She was considerate of her father’s pain and didn’t let him know the pain caused by her departure … What about a good comedy?

Xu enxiu decorated Xu zairen

The Korean version of Legal High is directed by Jin Zhengxian and Jin Shanghao, who directed Mrs. Cop 2, and written by Park Sung-jin, who once wrote Major Crimes. Compared with comedies full of banter and satire, it is better at suspense and real social problems. If we give up the comedy style of the Japanese version and adapt it into a pure Korean realistic suspense lawyer drama, we must give up the comic performance method and variety sound effects. Comedy is the most difficult, and comedy that adds drama to oneself is a disaster. The Korean remake of Legal High is such a disaster.

　　Shenzhen, China Broadcasting Network, July 28 (Reporter Liu Yuchen) According to the report of China Voice "News Horizon" of the Central Radio and Television General Station, recently, with the announcement of the marking results of the senior high school entrance examination scores in Shenzhen, many citizens expressed anxiety about the phenomenon that the admission rate of public ordinary high schools in Shenzhen has fallen again. According to local media reports, 85,000 people in Shenzhen participated in the senior high school entrance examination this year; But at the same time, the city’s public ordinary high schools only provide more than 35,000 degrees. That is to say, at least on paper, only two out of every five junior high school students who come to Shenzhen for exams can go to public ordinary high schools. For a time, the question of "it is difficult to get into college in Shenzhen" has resurfaced.

　　As the frontier of reform and opening-up, Shenzhen’s great economic development has attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, however, the relatively weak basic resources such as education have also attracted repeated attention. Is Shenzhen’s educational resources in debt as much as public opinion fears? Where is the crux of the problem?

　　There are 85,000 candidates, less than 40,000 public advanced degrees. The huge digital gap stings the hearts of Shenzhen senior high school entrance examination candidates and parents, and also worries Chen Jinhua, a representative of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress. As early as this year, during the two sessions in Shenzhen, at least 23 representatives of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress, including Cui Xuehong and Chen Jinhua, jointly submitted "Suggestions on Accelerating the Construction of High School Degree" and "Suggestions on Accelerating the Land Use Planning of High School and Increasing High School Degree", collectively calling on the government to increase the supply of high school degree. According to public information, there are currently 120 legal high school sites in Shenzhen, but Chen Jinhua said that according to the reply of Shenzhen Education Bureau, many sites planned during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period have not yet been implemented.

　　Chen Jinhua: We know that there are 120 high school land in Shenzhen, but there is no way to implement 16 land. It can only be built in half, and half of it has not been completed yet. The Education Bureau said that there is nothing to do and it cannot be done. What we learned is that nothing has been completed during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.

　　Reporter: That is to say, the planned land has not been implemented during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period? Now we are all in the 13th Five-Year Plan.

　　Chen Jinhua: Yes, the decline is over. In fact, the crux of these problems does not lie in the Education Bureau. First, the land planned at that time was also misappropriated. In addition, there are already buildings on the ground, and it is very difficult to remove them.

　　High land price, complicated ownership, time-consuming demolition and difficult land preparation … … This is a difficult problem that will be encountered in the process of urban renewal. Regarding the objective difficulties, Chen Jinhua said that it is understandable, but it is not completely acceptable. Because in her view, leaving the limited land space and work force to what career is not only a test of ability, but also a test of determination. "Our minimum construction standard is 50 mu of land. Now, 5,000 mu of 500 mu of university land can be solved in Shenzhen. We asked the district governments to reserve industrial land, saying that they would dismantle it and reserve it, but 50 mu of high school land told me that there was no way to land. I think this is a problem of determination!"

　　In addition to thinking that the implementation of the planned land is not satisfactory, Chen Jinhua also said that in recent years, Shenzhen has increased the introduction of talents, lowered the threshold for settlement, and brought talent competitiveness to urban development. At the same time, it did not adjust the supporting planning in a timely and forward-looking manner, which also made the educational resources that were not well-off even more stretched.

　　The data shows that the number of applicants for the senior high school entrance examination in Shenzhen increased by more than 10,000 in 2019 compared with the number of applicants in 2018, but the supply of public high school degrees was basically the same as last year. Therefore, there are not a few parents who share the same views with Chen Jinhua. In the education section of many local forums in Shenzhen, there are many messages behind the post "It is difficult for Shenzhen to get into high school and get into college".

　　According to the reporter’s statistics, there are currently 52 public ordinary high schools and 30 private ordinary high schools in Shenzhen. However, not all parents have the ability to "pay" for the supplement of private high school resources. The reporter inquired about the enrollment information of most private ordinary high schools, among which the lowest tuition fee is 10,800 yuan per semester and the highest is 100,000 yuan per semester, while attending ordinary public high schools only costs more than 1,000 yuan in tuition and fees. Not only that, but it is not uncommon for private high schools to increase tuition fees during their studies because of the market-regulated prices. During the winter vacation, Ms. Chen, who lives in Guangming District, received a price increase notice from the private Pugao where her son was studying, which rose directly from 12,000 yuan to more than 16,000 yuan.

　　For vocational education, students and parents are more reluctant to "buy it". According to the plan, the ratio of high school education to ordinary high school and vocational education should be 1:1. In a written response from Shenzhen Education Bureau, the reporter saw that the number of candidates eligible to participate in the marking admission in Shenzhen this year was 78,300, while the number of students enrolled in all admission methods, including public ordinary high schools, private ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, was 78,400, with a ratio of general education to vocational education of about 6:4, which met the planning requirements, and theoretically, every child could have a desk. However, Chen Jinhua also said: "When this issue was raised, many government departments told me to learn from Germany and increase vocational education. But now the question is whether you can’t find a job with a vocational high school or you have to take the college entrance examination. "

　　Regarding the feedback from parents and NPC deputies, Shenzhen Education Bureau admitted recently that the number of ordinary public high school degrees is really insufficient. It is planned that by 2022, 18 public high schools will be newly rebuilt and expanded, and 34,100 public high school degrees will be added, which will ensure that the total supply of high school degrees in Shenzhen is basically balanced with the demand of qualified candidates. In addition, Shenzhen has started the compilation of the Special Plan for the Layout of Senior High Schools in Shenzhen, and completed the preliminary investigation work. It is expected to be completed before the end of this year. The Special Plan will further expand resources on the existing basis, try its best to increase the number and scale of senior high schools at the planning level, and rationally distribute them in space.