In the next five years, there will be six major changes in social security, income distribution and pension.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 12th Question: In the next five years, social security, income distribution and pension will usher in six major changes.

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter Jiang Lin

　　Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently published the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Human Resources and Social Security on its website. The plan has made all-round arrangements for improving the social security system and deepening the reform of the income distribution system of enterprises and institutions. There are many policy breakthroughs, and a series of changes will take place in social security, pensions and wage income in the next five years.

　　[Change 1] Social security: The level of treatment will be steadily improved.

　　Social security benefits are linked to people’s life-saving money and pension money. The plan sets "steadily improving the level of social security benefits" as one of the main goals during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　Clear planning, promote the linkage adjustment of social insurance benefits and economic and social development, comprehensively consider factors such as price changes, average wage growth of employees, fund affordability and financial situation, improve the adjustment mechanism of employees’ basic old-age insurance and work-related injury insurance benefits, and improve the linkage mechanism of unemployment insurance protection standards and price increases.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from 2012 to 2020, the monthly per capita pension of enterprise employees increased from 1,686 yuan to about 2,900 yuan, and the national average monthly unemployment insurance premium level increased from 686 yuan to 1,506 yuan. This year, the basic pension for employees has achieved "17 consecutive rises", and the rising benefits have been paid in place recently, and it is expected to continue to rise in the future according to the planning requirements.

　　The plan also proposes to fully implement the basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents and the normal adjustment mechanism for basic pensions, gradually raise the basic pension standards for urban and rural residents, increase the coverage rate of enterprise annuities, and promote the development of individual pensions.

　　A series of new measures will continue to improve the "gold content" of social security and make the bottom line of people’s livelihood security more secure.

　　[Change 2] Income distribution: "Lowering and expanding" to narrow the gap.

　　Focusing on the requirement of more actively promoting common prosperity during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, we plan to make a package of policy arrangements according to different categories and circumstances.

　　For example, focus on non-public enterprises, improve the effectiveness of collective wage negotiation, and strive to increase the labor remuneration of front-line workers; Strengthen the prior guidance on the salary distribution of different industries and groups, and explore the release of salary distribution guidelines that reflect the characteristics of different industries and groups.

　　Institutions gradually realize the normal adjustment of the total performance pay, implement the separate performance pay for high-level talents, explore the incentive and restraint mechanism of income distribution for major leaders, deepen the reform of the salary system in public hospitals, promote the reform of the salary system in universities and research institutes, and improve the salary and welfare policies for firefighters.

　　State-owned enterprises generally implement full performance management, establish a salary system for core key talents with market competitive advantages, and promote the distribution to talents who have made outstanding contributions and front-line key positions.

　　The plan also plans to continuously increase the proportion of middle-income groups, focusing on graduates from universities and vocational colleges, skilled workers, small and micro entrepreneurs, and migrant workers.

　　Experts said that these arrangements reflect a general trend, that is, in the next few years, the government will strengthen the regulation and guidance of wage income distribution in enterprises and institutions, and narrow the income gap by "lowering the income and expanding the income" to make more ordinary people’s "money bags" bulge.

　　[Change 3] Pension: gradually increase the minimum payment period.

　　According to the Social Insurance Law, individuals who participate in the basic old-age insurance will receive the basic old-age pension on a monthly basis if they have accumulated contributions for fifteen years when they reach the statutory retirement age. However, with the deepening of population aging, this provision will be adjusted during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　The plan proposes to gradually increase the minimum payment period for receiving basic old-age pension and revise the number of months for calculating individual accounts for basic old-age insurance for employees.

　　"These are all made by the state to ensure the balance of pensions ‘ Combination boxing ’ It is an inevitable measure in the context of China’s aging. " Zheng Bingwen, director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.

　　According to Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security’s estimation, the number of new retirees will exceed 40 million during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and the working-age population will decrease by 35 million.

　　Zheng Bingwen said that appropriately increasing the minimum payment period, paying more and getting more pensions will be beneficial to improving the replacement rate of individual pensions and the sustainability of the system.

　　Experts said that the increase in the minimum payment period has little impact on employees of enterprises and institutions, mainly affecting flexible employees. The latter is completely paid by itself, and it is common to pay according to the minimum age. The final increase of several years needs to be determined according to the average employment years of Chinese workers.

　　[Change 4] Work-related injury insurance for flexible employees: Take-away riders will no longer be "streaking"

　　Authoritative data show that the number of flexible employees in China has reached 200 million, and the number of workers in new employment forms has increased significantly in recent years. In 2020, the number of people providing services in the sharing economy will be about 84 million. However, according to the current regulations, the relationship between flexible employees and employees is unstable, and it is impossible to obtain institutional guarantees such as work injury insurance and unemployment insurance.

　　In view of these pain points and difficult problems, the plan proposes to establish and improve the labor rights protection mechanism for workers in new employment forms; Formulate pilot measures for occupational injury protection and promote the pilot of occupational injury protection for flexible employees on the platform; Release the household registration restrictions for flexible employees to participate in social insurance in their places of employment.

　　"Filling in the shortcomings of security in time and improving the systems of employment, labor remuneration, social insurance and skills training will not only help safeguard the labor rights and interests of workers in new employment forms, but also help promote flexible employment and increase jobs and people’s income." Zhang Chenggang, director of the New Employment Form Research Center in China, capital university of economics and business, said.

　　According to the deployment of relevant departments, the next step will be to clarify the responsibility of Internet platform enterprises to protect the rights and interests of workers, and provide fair protection for flexible employees on the platform that is generally consistent with the treatment of work-related injury insurance, so that take-away riders will no longer be "streaking".

　　[Change 5] Work-related injury insurance for civil servants and public employees: to achieve wide coverage and full inclusion.

　　It is another new requirement of this plan to realize the wide coverage of industrial injury insurance policy to professional workers and bring all civil servants and staff of organs (units) managed according to the civil service law into the industrial injury insurance system.

　　It is understood that China’s industrial injury insurance system was gradually established on the basis of the "Trial Measures for Industrial Injury Insurance for Enterprise Employees" in the 1990 s. Civil servants and public employees were not included in it at first. If they were injured due to work reasons, they were mainly given pensions and preferential treatment by the civil affairs departments with reference to the corresponding regulations.

　　However, the coverage of pension and preferential treatment is narrower than that of industrial injury protection. Civil servants and public employees who encounter traffic accidents that are not their main responsibility on their way to and from work, sudden death at work or occupational diseases may not be effectively guaranteed.

　　In order to promote civil servants to participate in social insurance according to law and enjoy insurance benefits in accordance with state regulations, in recent years, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has actively supported and encouraged all localities to include civil servants in the scope of industrial injury insurance. Up to now, more than 20 provinces in China have incorporated civil servants into the industrial injury insurance system as a whole, and some cities in other provinces have also carried out pilot work of civil servants participating in industrial injury insurance.

　　According to the plan, in addition to achieving full coverage of civil servants and public employees, China will also study and improve the relevant systems and supporting measures for industrial injury insurance, focusing on high-risk industries, and continue to expand the coverage of industrial injury insurance, so that the number of people participating in industrial injury insurance will increase from 268 million at the end of 2020 to 280 million in 2025.

　　[Change 6] Protection of workers’ rest rights and interests: improve the system of working hours, rest and vacation.

　　In view of the problems of enterprises working overtime and forced work in bad weather, the plan responds to social concerns, proposes to improve the working hours, rest and vacation system, and specially deploys and carries out the management of outstanding employment problems in key industries.

　　"With the increasing number of non-standard labor relations, it is urgent to make more careful and scientific arrangements for the working hours of workers in new employment forms to safeguard the rights and interests of workers." Su Hainan, a special researcher in china association for labour studies, said.

　　Many experts believe that Internet platform enterprises should be urged to reasonably determine the longest online hours or working hours per day and arrange breaks. At the same time, strengthen labor supervision and law enforcement to provide basic rights and interests protection for workers with flexible employment and new employment forms.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Transport and other departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Protecting the Legal Rights and Interests of Courier Groups", explicitly requiring relevant parties to study and formulate the labor quota standards for couriers, determine the minimum labor remuneration standards for couriers and the annual labor remuneration increase, and implement the paid vacation system for courier companies.