CCTV News:Primary schools will cook three meals a day and arrange family travel plans; Junior high school will cook soup and make double skin milk; High school can manage money and pass the toilet … … On May 27th, Guangzhou Education Bureau issued "Guiding Opinions of Guangzhou Education Bureau on Strengthening Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools (Kindergartens)" and "Guiding Outline of Labor Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in Guangzhou", which clarified the labor skills and labor education objectives of primary and secondary school students of different ages.

The movie "Breaking Bad Island" will be released exclusively on the iQiyi platform on May 8, 2024. Breaking Bad Island will take you deep into the hinterland of a mysterious island and experience a life-saving journey with a thunderous heartbeat. Produced by Yiyue Huihuang (Hainan) Film and Television Culture Media Co., Ltd., Beijing Times Shunhe Film and Television Media Co., Ltd. and Nanjing Xiaotianlang Film and Television Culture Media Co., Ltd., jointly produced by Yiyue Huihuang (Beijing) Film and Television Culture Media Co., Ltd., Hainan Donglai Zhilian Quanwu Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Nordic Exhibition Co., Ltd. and Hebei Huoque Culture Media Co., Ltd., and exclusively announced by Two Bit Entertainment Co., Ltd.. With its exciting plot and excellent production level, the film is bound to set off an upsurge of watching movies.

　

　

Breaking Bad Island tells the story of mutant crisis caused by a genetic experiment on an island in Southeast Asia. Gu Yufeng, a business tycoon, attempted to live forever in the late stage of cancer, secretly funded scientists to engage in genetic experiments, but caused the leakage of new viruses and triggered an epidemic. Ma Rui, a small town in Southeast Asia, just wanted to live with her grandmother, but she was inadvertently involved in Gu Yufeng’s virus experiment and became a mutant. What is the relationship between Qin Lang, Ph.D., of the International Center for Epidemic Prevention and Control, and Gu Xi, who absconded from mental illness, and Ma Rui in order to find virus samples to find Southeast Asia? A huge secret is gradually revealed … … Viruses are rampant, mutants are rampant, towns are reduced to human purgatory, forces from all sides are pouring in, and tensions are on the verge. Can Ma Rui and Qin Lang resist the virus and save the town? And what kind of shocking conspiracy is hidden behind the scenes?

　

　

The film not only combines thriller, suspense, adventure, science fiction and other elements, but also brings a feast for the rich and powerful property for the audience. The gunfight caused by the property struggle of Gu’s three children, with many people Wyndell Dichinson on the spot, is thrilling. At the same time, the level of film production is equally amazing. From scene layout to special effects production, all show the exquisite skills and intentions of the film production team. The mysterious scenes, scary creatures and exciting fighting scenes on the island are dizzying, as if you were in the world of movies.

　

　

The mystery behind it is profound, reflecting the interweaving of light and shadow of human nature. The superb acting skills of the powerful actors portray the character’s character in a penetrating way, which makes the audience feel the true feelings of the character in the exciting plot. Du Tianhao, the male lead, has a pair of online skills. In Tiny Times series films directed by Jing M.Guo, he is Calvin Tu who looks energetic and healthy, and handsome in the sunshine. In the youth film Gardenia Blossoms directed by He Jiong, he is a cute and warm man who is healthy. The heroine is Zhao Yuanyuan, who is a martial arts expert. With the role of Mu Wanqing in the costume drama Tianlong Babu, she gradually entered the public’s field of vision, and Fang Tingyi, the domineering teacher elder sister in the youth idol drama Cyclone Girl, was even more numerous. Lu Yangyang, the actress of Meng Mei Jia Duo, is the heroine Si Qing in the best traditional cultural film "Most Eating Human Fireworks" at the 13th Beijing International Network Film Festival. Jin Hao, the actor of Qin Lang, has appeared in film and television works such as The Woman of the Dynasty-Yang Guifei, and four handsome men and beautiful women have shown diversified role images on the screen with their unique charm and superb acting skills.

　

　

Breaking Island will reveal a world full of unknowns and dangers for us, and let us feel the tenacious struggle and unity and cooperation of human beings in the face of difficulties in the exciting plot. Each character in the film has its own unique personality and background. They support each other in the crisis and jointly meet the challenges of mutants and evil forces. This spirit of unity will inspire us to cherish the people around us more in real life and learn to support each other and tide over the difficulties together.

　

　

The movie Island of Breaking Bad is not only suitable for the audience who like adventure action, but also makes people feel the power of teamwork in the process of watching movies. On this island, everyone is working hard to survive, and their spirit of unity and mutual assistance will become an example for us to learn in our life. Let’s look forward to the release of "Island of Breaking Bad" on the platform of iQiyi, and feel the journey of survival with a thunderous heartbeat. In this summer, let the film bring us endless surprises and touches, and witness the brilliance of human nature in the island crisis together.

Nanchang Uprising

Under the extremely severe situation that the revolution suffered serious failure, should we persist in the revolution? How to persist in the revolution? These are two fundamental issues before the Communist Party of China (CPC). The party gave a preliminary and clear answer to this with the actual action of armed uprising.

In order to revive the revolution, the party led the people in an arduous struggle. In mid-July, 1927, the Standing Committee of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Li Lisan, Deng Zhongxia, Tan Pingshan and Yun Daiying to Jiujiang, Jiangxi, to organize some forces of the National Revolutionary Army controlled and influenced by the Communist Party of China (CPC), and to unite with the commander-in-chief of the Second Army, Zhang Fakui, to return to Guangdong, so as to establish a new revolutionary base and carry out the agrarian revolution. On July 20th, when Zhang Fakui was found to be on Wang Ching-wei’s side, Li Lisan and others immediately abandoned the plan of relying on Zhang Fakui and proposed to launch an independent military action against the Kuomintang governments in Nanjing and Wuhan, namely the Nanchang Uprising. After learning the proposal of Li Lisan and others, the Standing Committee of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee formally confirmed the deployment of an armed uprising in Nanchang. Subsequently, the plan of the uprising was reported to the Communist International.

At this time, the 24th Division of the 11th Army under the jurisdiction of the Second Front Army of the National Revolutionary Army was commanded by communist party Ye Ting. The 73rd and 75th regiments of the 25th Division of the Fourth Army were organized by the Ye Ting Independent Regiment during the Northern Expedition, and the 30th Regiment of the 10th Division was held by communist party. The 20th Army was commanded by He Long (who joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) on the way south after the uprising) who was close to communist party. These troops have been transferred from Wuhan to Jiujiang in the name of "East Conquest against Chiang Kai-shek". In late July, Wang Ching-wei and Zhang Fakui felt that He Long and Ye Ting’s troops were "unstable" and tried to call He and Ye to Lushan in the name of a meeting to relieve them of their military power. Ye Jianying, the chief of staff of the Fourth Army, secretly rushed to Jiujiang from Lushan to discuss countermeasures with Ye Ting and He Long, and decided not to carry out the order of concentrating the troops under his jurisdiction in De ‘an, but to drive the troops to Nanchang and its nearby areas. In Nanchang, there are the Education Corps of the Third Army Officers of the Fifth Army and the Security Team of Nanchang Public Security Bureau, which were originally commanded by Zhu De and influenced by communist party. These troops are the main part of the regular revolutionary armed forces cultivated and exerted great influence by the Party during the Great Revolution, and they are also the main military forces that held the Nanchang Uprising.

On July 27th, Zhou Enlai arrived in Nanchang from Wuhan via Jiujiang. According to the decision of the Central Committee, the Front Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, consisting of Zhou Enlai, Li Lisan, Hui Daiying and Peng Pai, with Zhou Enlai as the secretary. The front Committee immediately decided to revolt on July 30.

While the preparations for the uprising were tense, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China received a telegram from the Communist International according to the decision of the Communist Party of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. The telegram pointed out: "If we are sure of success, we think your plan is feasible." After analyzing the situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China believed that the Nanchang Uprising was sure of success, and decided to send Zhang Guotao, member of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee, to Nanchang as a representative of the Central Committee to convey the instructions of the Comintern and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On the morning of July 30th, Zhang Guotao arrived in Nanchang. Because he still has illusions about Zhang Fakui, he advocates that Zhang Fakui’s consent must be obtained before an uprising can be held. This opinion was rejected by the front Committee. On July 31st, the Front Committee decided to hold an uprising in the early morning of August 1st.

In the early morning of August 1st, under the leadership of the Front Committee headed by Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng led more than 20,000 troops under the direct control and influence of the Party to hold the Nanchang Uprising. After more than four hours of fierce fighting, the insurgents wiped out more than 3,000 people on the defensive and occupied Nanchang City. Nie Rongzhen and Zhou Shidi pulled out most of the troops of the 25th Division to take part in the uprising in Mahuiling, near Nanchang, and arrived in Nanchang on August 2nd.

In order to win over and unite some people in the Kuomintang who are willing to continue the revolution and expose Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei’s betrayal of Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary spirit, this uprising still uses the banner of the Kuomintang left. After the victory of the uprising, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party was established, and 25 members including Soong Ching Ling, Deng Yanda (the above two have not been to Nanchang), He Long and Zhou Enlai were elected, and the presidium consisted of seven members including Soong Ching Ling and Deng Yanda. At the same time, in the name of Soong Ching Ling and others, he published the Declaration of the Central Committee, pointing out that Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing and Wang Jingwei in Wuhan misinterpreted the Three People’s Principles, betrayed the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and abandoned the three major policies of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and helping the peasants and workers, which have become sinners of Sun Yat-sen’s cause; Call on all revolutionaries to unite, inherit Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary legacy, and "continue to fight against imperialism and solve the land problem". Uprising troops used the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and had three armies under their jurisdiction: the ninth, eleventh and twentieth armies. (Wei Chu, commander of the Ninth Army (not yet in position), Zhu De, deputy commander (soon to take over as commander), and Zhu Kejing, the party representative. Ye Ting, commander of the 11th Army, represented Nie Rongzhen. He Long, commander of the 20th Army, and Liao Ganwu, the representative of the Party —— Author’s Note) The Revolutionary Committee appointed He Long as the commander-in-chief of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Ye Ting as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy.

On August 3rd, according to the decision made by the Central Committee before the uprising, the insurgents began to leave Nanchang, passing Linchuan (Fuzhou), Yihuang and Guangchang, and went south to Guangdong, with a view to restoring the revolutionary base areas in Guangdong, occupying the seaport, obtaining international assistance, and then resuming the Northern Expedition. But by this time, most of the National Revolutionary Army had turned to counter-revolution, and the Nanchang Uprising Force led by communist party was weak, so it was impossible to carry out a revolutionary war with the occupation of cities as the central goal, like the Northern Expedition during the Great Revolution. After withdrawing from Nanchang, the rebel army did not realize that it should go to the vast rural areas of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei nearby to combine with the peasant movement that has not been completely suppressed by counter-revolutionary forces, so as to gradually accumulate and expand revolutionary forces. Instead, it was busy going south to Guangdong to make expeditions and compete for cities and seaports. In this way, we will put ourselves in a disadvantageous position.

On the way to Guangdong, due to the weak leadership and political work of the Party and the hot weather, many soldiers fled and fell ill, and the number of troops was seriously reduced. Cai Tingkai, the commander of the 10th Division of the 11th Army, who was wavering during the uprising, led his troops to leave the revolutionary ranks when he arrived in Jiangxi to become a sage. On the way to the south, the rebels fought fiercely with the Kuomintang troops who came to intercept them. Although they won some victories, they also suffered great casualties. After the capture of Chao ‘an and Shantou in Guangdong in late September, the main troops marched westward to Tangkeng (now Fengshun County) via Jieyang, and a few troops stayed in Chao ‘an and Shantou. At the beginning of October, under the siege of the superior enemy forces, these troops all suffered serious failures. Only a small part of the 24 th Division of the Eleventh Army, led by Dong Lang and others, was transferred to Haifeng and Lufeng to join the local agricultural army. Nearly 800 insurgents stationed in Sanheba, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to the border areas of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan to carry out guerrilla warfare. After the failure of the uprising, Zhou Enlai and other leaders arrived in Hongkong. After summing up the lessons, they decided that the rest of the insurgents should combine with the peasants on the spot and carry out armed struggle in the countryside.

The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and in the language of blood and fire, it declared the strong determination of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to persist in the revolution without fear of violence. It set up a banner of revolutionary armed struggle in front of the whole party and the people of the whole country, marking the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s independent leadership of the revolutionary war and the creation of the people’s army (in July 1933, the provisional central government of chinese soviet republic passed a resolution, pointing out that the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants was formed by the Nanchang Uprising, so it "approved the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and stipulated that" August 1st "should be the anniversary of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants every year". This is the origin that August 1st became the Army Day of China People’s Liberation Army (the author’s note) and the beginning of the armed seizure of political power, so it is of great historical significance.

　　International Online Car Channel News: On January 20, FAW Toyota’s 2022 masterpiece, the much-anticipated "preferred, multi-functional urban SUV" Corolla Ruifang officially debuted. The new car launched a total of 5 models, priced 129,800 yuan – 169,800 yuan. In order to meet the individual needs of users, the new car also provides 7 monochromes plus 4 contrasting colors to choose from, and is accompanied by four happiness gifts. With all-round strength and excellent quality that exceed expectations, Corolla Ruifang will accompany the majority of users to go to the shining happy time and create a better and more exciting life.

Corolla sharp release

　　In particular, it is worth mentioning that under the name of "determined to live, beautiful bloom", FAW Toyota has used leading digital technology and realistic real scenes to build a warm and cordial "Corolla Sharp Home", inviting surprise guests from different generations and different fields to reminisce about classic melodies and witness the new life of legends. This is a "slow variety show" that travels through time and space and is full of affection, and it is also a "new innovation" that has accumulated and paid tribute to users. It not only cleverly realizes the mutual brilliance of products and atmospheres, but also deeply reaches the emotional resonance of users and brands, which can be called another cross-border immersive marketing innovation for new cars.

Hu Shaohang, Secretary of the Party Committee and General Manager of FAW Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd., delivered a speech

　　Inheriting Corolla’s classic genes, Corolla is as sharp as her original intention

　　Classic, is a time-honored aging, is a beautiful jade carved by time. After 56 years of precipitation, sold in more than 150 countries, China’s sales 4.50 million, global sales exceeded 50 million, Corolla meets the different needs of users in different eras and regions with the super high product charm that keeps pace with the times, wins the love of consumers all over the world, and establishes the unshakable status of the king of sedan cars.

　　In the 1960s, the Corolla shouldered the mission of "allowing ordinary people to enjoy cars", enabling families to realize the dream of owning a car with revolutionary affordable prices and high quality, and pioneering the core concept of "80 + α". In the 1970s, the third-generation Corolla swept the world car market with better safety and comfort performance, winning the honor of "Best Selling Model in the World". In the 1980s, the fifth-generation Corolla further consolidated its dominance as the world’s best-selling car, and gave birth to the later famous AE86. The guests on the scene said: "Love is deep, and the guest Zhong Zhentao performed" As long as you live better than me "on the spot. Time seems to freeze and memories are quietly reborn.

Corolla Rui released the guests at the press conference

　　In 2004, Corolla entered China. After 18 years of deep cultivation in the sedan market, the 12th generation of Corolla under the TNGA architecture has achieved a complete innovation from R & D, design to procurement and manufacturing, and has formed a family camp with a variety of dynamics and versions to fully meet the diverse needs of users. The scene once again sounded a song "Friends" "Never met, began to approach, and silently treated people with sincerity", just like the most sincere and profound emotional sustenance between users and Corolla.

　　With three major hard powers, Corolla is reborn

　　Create a leapfrog space and enjoy a comfortable experience. Based on users’ attention to large space and practicality, Corolla Ruifang has a large-size body design that surpasses the same level, with a wheelbase of 2640mm, creating a wide and comfortable riding space and strong storage capacity. Abundant head space, wide driving views from front and rear windows, even for a long time, you can enjoy comfort. The exclusive design of the high door frame allows parents and elders to easily enter the back row when holding a sleeping baby, improving the convenience of getting on and off the bus. 438L large-capacity luggage space, easy to fit the whole family’s luggage. The optimized ground height, with a kick-type electric tailgate, makes it easier for female users to carry and put items.

　　Enjoy safe escort and travel with peace of mind and convenience. Corolla Ruifang has leading and rich active and passive safety configurations. The whole system is equipped with a new generation of TSS Zhixing safety system as standard, which actively avoids unexpected risks and reduces the probability of accidents. Up to 9 SRS air bags are equipped, combined with high rigidity and lightweight body structure, to give drivers and passengers all-round safety protection. In addition, Corolla Ruifang also has a series of high-tech configurations, including PVM panoramic monitoring system, Toyota Zhixing interconnection system, automatic speech recognition system, etc., to bring users a convenient and comfortable travel experience and convey happiness with intelligent technology.

　　Smart driving empowers, and the control moves with the heart. The Corolla Sharp is equipped with the power combination of 2.0L Dynamic Force Engine engine and Direct Shift-CVT transmission. The maximum engine power is 126kW, the maximum torque is 205N · m, and the fuel consumption is 5.9L per hundred kilometers. At the same time, the TNGA architecture gives the Corolla Sharp excellent low center of gravity, wide body, and high rigidity body design. With the minimum turning radius of 5.2m in the same class, it makes turning and turning more convenient. At the same time, it also brings the driver easy control fun.

　　Feeding beauty, Corolla Rui Fang helps FAW Toyota reach millions

　　Accompanied by live music notes, a musical about happiness and family slowly kicked off. Guest Zhang Jie sang "A Letter to His Daughter" in public for the first time, telling all the guests his sincere love for his family, and once again moved all the guests. Today’s new generation is always committed to creating a better life for their families and themselves. The new generation is full of confidence and continuous progress. It not only pays attention to hard work in the workplace, but also cares more about enjoying life with family and friends. The new generation is an optimistic and positive life home, and a "new generation" who pursues happiness. Carola Ruifang’s mission is to be the perfect partner of the new generation and accompany the new generation "until the end of the world".

group photo on site

　　Ambitious users have created a brand that has overcome obstacles. Looking back on 2021, FAW Toyota has launched a number of blockbuster new cars in the face of challenges such as epidemic reversal, intensified competition, and supply chain risks, and finally harvested 860,000 sales. The performance of 108% year-on-year ushered in a milestone moment of cumulative sales breaking through 9 million vehicles.

　　At the same time, FAW Toyota’s consistently excellent quality and service experience has also been widely recognized by the industry and consumers. It has won the "Toyota Global Service Commendation Gold Award" for 6 consecutive years and 7 times, and won the championship of sales and after-sales satisfaction in the China Automotive Industry User Satisfaction Index (CACSI). FAW Toyota, which is flying against the wind, has delivered a wonderful answer of making progress while maintaining stability and improving both quantity and quality.

　　In 2022, FAW Toyota will anchor the grand goal of "annual sales of one million, customers exceeding 10 million, and revenue of 100 billion yuan", accelerate the transformation of digital intelligence, build a three-dimensional brand, and further realize brand value leadership and value transcendence, bringing users an excellent experience in the whole life cycle. As the first blockbuster product in the beginning of the year, with the listing of Corolla Sharp, FAW Toyota has shown its ambition and pride over one million. There will be more blockbuster products and brand activities in the future, and the engine will bloom and be wonderful. FAW Toyota will join hands with every user who aspires to a better life, and work together for a Shared Future. (Image source: FAW Toyota)

In view of the difficulties in innovation and transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and relevant departments recently issued the Special Action for Empowering Small and Medium-sized Enterprises with Scientific and Technological Achievements (2023-2025) and the Special Action for Assigning Quality Standard Brands to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2023-2025) to help enhance the innovation ability and core competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote their high-quality development.

The special campaign for intellectual empowerment of scientific and technological achievements focuses on accelerating the convergence and sharing of scientific and technological achievements and achieving accurate docking between supply and demand. On the one hand, promote the transformation of a number of advanced and applicable technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises, and enhance the technological innovation ability of small and medium-sized enterprises; On the other hand, promote SMEs to produce more high-quality scientific and technological achievements and continuously enhance their innovation and competitiveness.

The special action of quality standard brand assignment will adhere to the integration of quality, standard and brand, enhance the position of small and medium-sized enterprises in the value chain, guide enterprises to improve quality and efficiency with excellent quality, enhance market position with standard ability, enhance core value with brand reputation, and form comprehensive development advantages. The special action proposes that by 2025, the awareness of quality standard brands of small and medium-sized enterprises will be significantly enhanced, the comprehensive efficiency will be continuously improved, and the contribution of quality standard brands to the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises will continue to increase. More than 1,000 public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises in related fields will be added, forming 300 excellent benchmarks for quality standard brands of small and medium-sized enterprises.

According to reports, the "Empowering Wisdom" action solves the problem of innovation sources of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the "Assigning Value" action solves the problem of upgrading the status of the value chain, while the special digital empowerment action that has been carried out in the early stage solves the problem of digital transformation. The three actions constitute a "combination boxing" to help improve the innovation ability and core competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. (Reporter Wang Zheng, Virginia Lieu)

Looking at the news, recently, a data map about the infection efficiency of Kexing was circulated on the Internet, which indicated that, according to the latest data of the fifth round of epidemic in Hong Kong, the effective rate of Kexing in preventing Omicron was low. Even after the third injection, the effective rate of preventing infection was only 36% on the 14th day after inoculation, but only 8% after six months.

So, is this really the case?

This is not true statistics.

Tracing back to the source, we found that this picture was first seen in a simulation model of the epidemic development of Hong Kong universities reported by the Hong Kong investigative news agency Fax Agency in February this year. The data content is the calculated result of the model, not the real statistical data of Hong Kong society.

On February 10th, the School of Public Health of HKU released the simulation model of epidemic development in The 5th Wave [1], in which the efficiency of each vaccine combination in different periods was calculated based on the data of different medical studies. The study estimated that the effective rate of preventing Omicron variant virus infection was 36% on 14th day after the third dose of Kexing vaccine, and it dropped to 8% after 6 months.

So, what is the real situation?

According to the epidemic data released in Hong Kong on December 23rd, in the fifth round of epidemic (from December 31st, 2021 to December 21st, 2022), 2.32 million people were infected in Hong Kong, more than 7.04 million people have been vaccinated with at least one dose of vaccine, and 627,000 people have been vaccinated with the fourth dose of vaccine.

According to a rough calculation,There is no significant difference in infection ratio between inactivated vaccine and mRNA vaccine.

Taking the infection ratio after the fourth injection as an example, the average infection ratio of inactivated vaccine was 11.97%, while the infection ratio of mRNA vaccine was 8.99%, with a difference of 2.97%. This difference decreases with age. In the group over 80 years old, the proportion of infection between them is only 0.93%.

Moreover, with the increase of the number of vaccination agents, the effectiveness of preventing infection has increased.

The inactivation effect of anti-infection is slightly lower than that of mRNA vaccine.

Although there is no big difference in the actual infection rate, from the perspective of preventing infection,The effectiveness of inactivated vaccine against infection is indeed lower than that of mRNA vaccine.

According to the paper published by the Institute of Public Health of the University of Hong Kong in November this year [2], this study analyzed the effectiveness of Fubitai and Kexing COVID-19 vaccine through the serum survey of 5310 subjects in Hong Kong.

It was found that the effectiveness of inactivated vaccine (31%) was slightly lower than that of mRNA vaccine (47%) 7 days after inoculation.

Both of them are effective in preventing COVID-19 in the short term.

But by contrast,Inactivated vaccine has a short validity period.

The effective concentration of mRNA vaccine antibody remained in blood for a long time, and the effectiveness declined by half after 104 days. The semi-decline period of inactivated vaccine is about 40 days.

The strength of effectiveness may be related to the technology adopted by the vaccine.

The mRNA vaccine contains the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of the virus, and its working principle is to send instructions to the host cell to replicate the spike protein, so that the immune mechanism can produce antibodies in time to deal with the virus. The inactivated vaccine is injected with a complete, killed copy of the virus, making it impossible to replicate without causing disease.

The two technologies are different, so the effectiveness is different.

Inactivated vaccines are equally effective in preventing severe illness and death.

Although it is not effective in preventing infection, the effect of inactivated vaccine is equal to or even better than that of mRNA vaccine in preventing severe illness and death.

According to the paper published by the Medical College of the National University of Singapore in November this year [3], although the antibody response guided by inactivated vaccine is not as good as that of mRNA vaccine, inactivated vaccine can trigger a wide range of immune responses against different protein viruses.It is more effective against severe infection..

It is found that inactivated vaccines are more likely to produce T cell reactions against viral proteins than other types of vaccines. Inactivated vaccines stimulate cells called CD4 T, and when they recognize virus antigens, they release chemicals that become cytokines to help activate other types of immune cells.

Professor Antonio Bertoletti, who is in charge of the project, said that T cells are more effective in improving diseases than antibodies because of Omicron’s strong immune escape ability.

According to the actual data, in this round of epidemic in Hongkong, the total case fatality rate (or overall case fatality rate) is 0.71%, and the probability of the unvaccinated people dying of Covid-19 infection is 2.87%. The mortality of one dose of Kexing vaccine was 1.25%, two doses was 0.31%, and three doses was 0.04%.

In other words,The mortality rate of people without vaccination is 71.8 times higher than that of people with three doses of Kexing vaccine.

According to the paper published by the Institute of Public Health of the University of Hong Kong in July this year [4], after three injections, the effective rate of inactivated vaccine for preventing severe illness and death exceeded 95%.

On the average, inactivated vaccine is no different from mRNA vaccine. The effective rate of inactivated vaccine is 97.23%, which is only 1.18% lower than that of mRNA vaccine. In the prevention of COVID-19’s death, the effective rate of both reached 98%, and the difference was only 0.45%.

Even in some age groups, the effective rate of inactivated vaccine is better than that of mRNA vaccine. For example, for people over 80 years old, the efficiency of inactivated vaccine in preventing severe illness and death is higher than that of mRNA vaccine.

According to a paper published by the Chilean Ministry of Health in February this year [5],Inactivated vaccines are equally effective in preventing severe diseases in children and adolescents.

It was found that for children and adolescents aged 6 to 16, the effective rate of two inactivated vaccines against hospitalization was 91%, and the confidence interval was 87.8% to 93.4%. The effective rate of preventing severe illness (that is, staying in ICU) is 93.8%, and the confidence interval is 87.8% to 93.4%.

On the whole, whether it is inactivated vaccine or mRNA vaccine, booster vaccination can provide substantial protection against infection in Covid-19, including mild and asymptomatic cases.

Although Covid-19 infection in China has been adjusted to "Class B tube" at present, "keeping healthy and preventing severe diseases" is still the focus of epidemic prevention, and it is still necessary to continue to promote vaccination, especially for the elderly.

Related papers:

[1] HKU School of Medicine Briefing COVID-19 The 5th Wave epidemic development simulation model.

【2】Lau, J. J.,Cheng, S. M.,Leung, K.,Lee, C. K.,Hachim, A.,Tsang, L. C.,…& Wu, J. T. (2022). Population-based sero-epidemiological estimates of real-world vaccine effectiveness against Omicron infection in an infection-naive population, Hong Kong, January to July 2022.　medRxiv.

【3】Lim, J. M. E.,Hang, S. K.,Hariharaputran, S.,Chia, A.,Tan, N.,Lee, E. S.,…& Tan, A. T. (2022). A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines.　Cell Reports Medicine,　3(11), 100793.

【4】McMenamin, M. E.,Nealon, J.,& Lin, Y. (2022). Vaccine effectiveness of one, two, and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a population-based observational study (vol 22, pg P1435, 2022).　LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES,　22(9), E239-E239.

【5】Jara, Alejandro, et al. "Effectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Children and Adolescents: A Large-Scale Observational Study."

Original title: Kexing three-needle infection prevention rate is only 8%? We found that this is not the real world data, and the truth is actually like this.

Editor: wu si

Editor: Wu Zhonglan

Audit: Feng Fei

● Article 8 Car logo: 1972-1984

　　When it was sold to Birmingham Company in aston martin in 1972, because the helm of the company was changed to William Willson, the word "David Brown" appeared on the aston martin logo was obviously inappropriate, so a new aston martin logo was born. In addition to the letter "David Brown", the feathers on the logo were "combed" again, the lines on the inner and outer layers were connected into a whole, and the background of the logo turned light blue. This logo was first installed on V8 models after 1972. Subsequently, the V8 and models also used brand-new logos.

　　Since 1974, aston martin has been in turmoil again. In 1975, it was taken over by North American Peter Sprague and Canadian George Minden. In 1981, it was taken over by a private oil company led by Victor Gauntlett; In 1983, it was 100% acquired by the American distributor Automobile Investment Alliance; In October 1984, the Peter Livanos family owned 75% of the shares, and Victor Gauntlett owned the remaining 25%. It was not until 1987, when Auto acquired 75% of aston martin’s shares, that aston martin’s fate was temporarily calmed down. In 1994, Ford owned Aspen.
All the shares of don Martin.

● The ninth logo of aston martin: 1984-2002

　　During the turbulent years in aston martin, the logo of aston martin has undergone a change, which was in 1984, after the Peter Livanos family owned aston martin. At that time, the models produced in aston martin were still V8 and V8 Vantage. In that year, the 10,000 th model of aston martin rolled off the assembly line, so aston martin put on a brand-new logo. Of course, the change of this logo is still "changing the soup without changing the medicine", mainly for the internal lines and borders of the logo feathers. The interior of the logo has become more concise and the borders have become silver again.

　　After entering Ford, aston martin began to develop and launch a large number of new models. Not only did the DB naming method, which had been stopped for nearly 20 years, be re-launched in 1993, and DB7, DBS, DB9 and other models were launched respectively, but also brand-new V8, V8 Vantage, V8 Zagato and other models were launched, and the sales volume also increased gradually. In a few short years, the sales volume of aston martin was higher than the sum of the models produced in the past 80 years.

● Aston martin Tenth Car Logo: 2003-Up to now

　　2003 is an unusual year for aston martin, which is not only the 90th anniversary of the founding of aston martin Company, but also the new V8 Vantage released by aston martin at the north american international auto show held in Detroit, Michigan, USA, which reintroduced the classic V8 and greatly enhanced the company’s market competitiveness. At the same time, the DB9 model came out, replacing the DB7 model for ten years. In addition, in the same year, a new factory was established in Gordon, England, becoming the first professional factory in the history of aston martin. It was also in this year that the latest generation logo of aston martin, which you see now, was born.

　　The last time aston martin changed hands was in 2007, when a consortium led by British David Richards bought it from Ford at a cost of $959 million. That is to say, aston martin has returned to her native Britain again after years of travelling in other countries.

● The centenary of aston martin: 2013.

　　Today, all the models in aston martin still carry the logo of DB9. At the same time, on September 29th last month, aston martin also launched a centennial logo (only used by Aston Martin brand to celebrate its centenary birthday in 2013), which was designed by Marek Reichman, the design director of Aston Martin, and will be put into use in 2013 to commemorate the glorious centennial history of this classic luxury brand.

Summary:

　　In fact, since the second logo of aston martin, all the logos have kept a theme, that is, spreading a pair of wings, which was very popular in the era when the automobile industry just started. Today, after nearly a hundred years of ups and downs and evolution, aston martin logo is still full of design sense, and it is not out of date, and the previous design style has been completely passed down. Of course, it is not only the logo design that has been passed down, but also the brand of "high-quality car with high performance and perfect appearance" produced in aston martin. (Text/Figure Zhang Wenjun)

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> > Click on car home Culture Team to enter the interesting world of automobiles < <

　　In order to promote the construction of a learning society and improve the national quality, the university of international business and economics Education and Open Economy Research Center of the Ministry of Education is now conducting an online survey on social adult training, aiming at understanding the situation and suggestions of adults participating in social non-academic training. This survey is anonymous, thank you for your support!

　　The training in this survey refers to the non-academic training conducted by social organizations, enterprises or individuals other than state institutions for the society.

　　Social adult training questionnaire:

　　https://www.wjx.cn/vm/t9oRfJR.aspx

　　Just scan the QR code below.

　　The specific contents of the questionnaire are as follows:

　　1. Your gender

　　A. Male B. Female

　　2. Your age

　　A.18 -30 years old

　　B.31 -40 years old

　　C.41 -50 years old

　　D.51 -60 years old

　　E. Over 60 years old

　　3. What is your education level?

　　A. below high school

　　B. High school/technical secondary school

　　C. specialties

　　D. undergraduate course

　　E. Master degree or above

　　4. Your habitual residence is in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ province.

　　5. What is your current work situation?

　　A. Have a job and have worked for less than 2 years.

　　B. Have a job for 2-5 years.

　　C. Have a job and have worked for more than 5 years.

　　D. Students in school

　　E. I have graduated, have no job and have no work experience.

　　F. I have graduated, have no job, and have worked.

　　6. Your current employment unit

　　A. I’m not working at present

　　B. Enterprise

　　C. Government agencies, the military

　　D. Public institutions

　　E. social organizations, foundations and private non-enterprise units

　　F. Self-employed, freelancers and flexible employees

　　G. Others

　　7. What industry are you currently engaged in?

　　A. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery

　　B mining, manufacturing, production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water, and construction.

　　C. Wholesale and retail trade

　　D. Transportation, warehousing and postal services

　　E. Accommodation and catering, leasing and business services

　　F. Information transmission, software and information technology services

　　G. Financial industry

　　H. Real estate industry

　　I. Scientific research and technical services, education, health and social work

　　J water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, residential services, repairs and other services

　　K. culture, sports and entertainment

　　L public administration, social security and social organizations, military, police and international organizations

　　M. not working

　　8. Your annual income is about (RMB)

　　A. No income

　　B.50,000 or less

　　C.50,000-100,000

　　D.110,000-200,000

　　E.210,000-300,000

　　F.310,000-500,000

　　G.50 More than 500,000

　　9. Have you participated in training and who organized the training (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. No training.

　　B. Participated in training organized by enterprises.

　　C participated in the training organized by social organizations such as associations and societies.

　　D. Participated in training organized by individuals

　　E participated in the training organized by private schools and other private non-enterprise units.

　　F. Participated in training organized by other units.

　　(if you choose a in this question, jump directly to question 26)

　　10. Which of the following trainings have you attended (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Examination guidance and training for civil servants and institutions

　　B. Postgraduate entrance examination counseling training

　　C. Counseling and training for college entrance examination, entrance examination, art examination, self-taught examination, etc

　　D. Language training

　　E qualification training for teachers, doctors, accountants, financial practitioners, judicial examinations, etc.

　　F. Training in information technology and digital technology

　　G. Other vocational skills training

　　H management training such as leadership, workplace etiquette and sales management.

　　I. Training in life skills, hobbies, family, marriage, psychology and health.

　　J. Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill it in yourself)

　　11. How do you attend the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Online recording and broadcasting

　　B. Live webcast

　　C. Offline grant (30 persons or more)

　　D. Offline grant (less than 30 people)

　　E. Combination of online and offline

　　12. What do you think of the effect of the training (multiple choices are allowed)

　　A. contribute to promotion and salary increase

　　B. It is conducive to further studies

　　C. help to engage in a certain industry.

　　D. Help to change to a better job

　　E. help to upgrade skills or expand knowledge

　　F contribute to family harmony, improve the quality of life or improve yourself.

　　G. help to expand contacts

　　H. Failure to achieve the expected results

　　13. The matching between the contents of your training and your major.

　　A. Very close

　　B.it’s similar

　　C. Not quite the same

　　D. totally different

　　14. Your satisfaction with the services provided by training institutions.

　　A. very satisfied

　　B. satisfaction

　　C. general

　　D. dissatisfied

　　E. very dissatisfied

　　15. The training you attended recently cost _ _ _ _ _ yuan, and the most expensive training you attended cost _ _ _ _ _ yuan.

　　16. The charging method for your training is (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. Free of charge

　　B. Training first, then paying fees

　　C. Charge by frequency or cycle, and the term shall not exceed 3 months.

　　D. Charge by frequency or cycle, with a term exceeding 3 months.

　　E. Pay by installment through online loan.

　　17. Do you enjoy government subsidies for the training you attend?

　　A. Yes

　　B. no

　　C. not clear

　　18. The instructor of the training you attended is (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. Teachers at school

　　B. full-time trainers

　　C. Other part-time staff

　　D. Don’t know the situation of teachers

　　19. The teaching materials used in the training you attended are (multiple choices are allowed).

　　A. Teaching materials compiled by institutions

　　B. Public publications

　　C. No teaching materials

　　20. Which of the following situations did you encounter during the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. The training content contains such undesirable contents as violating the Constitution and laws, disrupting public order, and violating social morality.

　　B. False propaganda, claiming that "famous teachers", "authorized institutions" and "guaranteed services" are inconsistent with the propaganda.

　　C. Teachers speak in general and have low professional level.

　　D. The institution issues certificates by itself in the name of "industry qualification", but it has not been recognized by the industry.

　　E. institutions run away with money

　　F institutions disclose personal information, and students often receive various phone calls to harass them.

　　G. Unrealistically high training price

　　H. Inducing students to borrow money, but not prompting the actual interest and loan risk.

　　I propaganda "involution", "class solidification" and "midlife crisis" aggravate anxiety.

　　J. None of the above situations

　　21. What contract problems have you encountered in the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. There are overlord clauses in the contract, and the institution has not given sufficient hints.

　　B. The training institution unilaterally changes the service content

　　C. No paper contract or electronic contract has been signed.

　　D the agency’s liability for breach of contract is not stipulated in the contract or the statement is unclear.

　　E. none of the above situations.

　　22. What problems have you encountered in refunding fees for the training you attended (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. if the institution violates the contract or commitment, the fee will not be refunded.

　　B the case of non-refund of fees was written in the agency contract, but it was unreasonable and was not reminded when signing the contract.

　　C. Unreasonable calculation of class hours and expenses when refunding fees

　　D. Other unreasonable refund cases _ _ _ _ _ _ (voluntary)

　　E. No refund dispute.

　　If the last option is selected for questions 20, 21 and 22 at the same time, skip to question 25.

　　23. What rights protection measures have you taken after you encountered problems in the training (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Communication with institutions

　　B. Complain to the Consumers Association

　　C. Take the case to court

　　D. Report to the media or post on the Internet

　　E. Reflect to government departments

　　F. I feel that it is troublesome or the cost is too high, and I have no rights protection.

　　If you choose F for question 23, skip to question 25.

　　24. Are you satisfied with the problem solved by the training institution after rights protection?

　　A. very satisfied

　　B. satisfaction

　　C. general

　　D. dissatisfied

　　E. very dissatisfied

　　25. What problems do you want the government to help improve in the training field (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Solving the problem of false propaganda

　　B. Solve the problem of obviously unreasonable clauses in the contract

　　C. Solving the problem of training quality

　　D. Solve the problem of unreasonable collection and refund of fees or organizations running away with money.

　　E increase subsidies for key industries and key populations and solve the problem of high training costs.

　　F. Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill it in yourself)

　　Jump to question 28 after answering this question.

　　If you choose a in question 9, please answer the following questions:

　　26. What kind of training do you want to attend most in the future (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Examination guidance and training for civil servants and institutions

　　B. Postgraduate entrance examination counseling training

　　C. Counseling and training for college entrance examination, entrance examination, art examination, self-taught examination, etc

　　D. Language training

　　E qualification training for teachers, doctors, accountants, financial practitioners, judicial examinations, etc.

　　F. Training in information technology and digital technology

　　G. Other vocational skills training

　　H management training such as leadership, workplace etiquette and sales management.

　　I. Training in life skills, hobbies, family, marriage, psychology and health.

　　J. Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill it in yourself)

　　K. don’t want to attend

　　27. Which of the following training methods do you think is the most effective (multiple choices are allowed)?

　　A. Offline teaching

　　B. Live webcast

　　C. Online recording and broadcasting

　　D. Micro-video and small video learning

　　28. If you have any suggestions and opinions on the rights protection, supervision and industry development of social training, please leave a message here.

　　Social adult training questionnaire:

　　https://www.wjx.cn/vm/t9oRfJR.aspx

[Editor’s note]

In the period when the major strategy of rural revitalization is fully implemented, field research on rural areas is particularly important.

What kind of perspective will scholars returning to the countryside in the Spring Festival observe their familiar countryside? The report column of The Paper think tank published a group of "scholars’ rural investigation reports", inviting scholars to observe and explore the effective path of rural revitalization from many different dimensions, such as rural governance, villagers’ employment, rural industrial status, rural pension, rural education and rural marriage and love market, hoping to provide valuable reference for rural revitalization.

Paper-cut pictures are provided by Zhongyang Wuxiaofen Paper-cut Studio.

At present, while the urban environment is improving day by day, rural environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent, such as "garbage surrounding villages", rural water environmental pollution, and all kinds of wastes "going to the countryside", which are still far from the people’s desire for a better life and building a well-off society in an all-round way. Rural environmental pollution is a prominent shortcoming that restricts rural revitalization.

The comprehensive improvement of rural human settlements is closely related to the production and life of hundreds of millions of farmers, and it is one of the yardsticks to reflect the progress of civilization. Recently, the author went to Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places for field research, and found that from the reality, various places have successively carried out a series of practical explorations, such as improving the appearance of villages, improving rural human settlements and building beautiful countryside, and achieved certain results. But on the whole, rural environmental governance is still dominated by the government, lacking a long-term market-oriented mechanism.

Quzhou intelligent garbage sorting system. Photo courtesy of the author

Investigation on the current situation: rural environmental governance is dominated by the government and lacks market-oriented means.

In recent years, with the rapid economic development, the problem of rural ecological environment pollution has become increasingly prominent. Research shows that the per capita output of domestic garbage in rural areas is about 0.8 kg per day. What’s more, for a long time, due to the lack of specialized personnel and funds in rural areas, many rural garbage disposal work in China has been blank. Judging from the 588,000 administrative villages in China, only 218,000 have effectively treated domestic garbage, accounting for only one third of the country. The situation of "garbage surrounding villages" is grim. Judging from the situation of water pollution in rural areas, the domestic sewage in rural areas in China exceeds 8 billion tons every year, but the sewage treatment rate is less than 10%. The vast majority of rural sewage is directly discharged into rivers and farmland, which affects crop production and agricultural product quality.

Strengthening the comprehensive improvement of rural environment has become a major issue to be solved urgently in the process of promoting rural revitalization in various places. Through on-the-spot investigation, the author found that the current comprehensive management of rural environment mainly faces the following three problems to be solved urgently:

(A) infrastructure debt, investment.For a long time, China’s rural infrastructure is weak and there are many historical debts, which require a lot of money. Although the country has invested a lot of money in new rural construction and rural revitalization in recent years, after all, there are more than 480,000 towns and 690,000 villages in China, and the conditions in many mountainous villages are very bad, and the amount of funds needed for infrastructure construction is huge.

(2) Social capital investment is high and the return is low.The comprehensive management of rural environment has high social capital investment, low market return rate and poor profitability of enterprises, which leads to poor enthusiasm for social capital investment. Many rural environmental governance needs a large amount of funds, and financing loans are difficult, which can not produce intuitive economic benefits quickly. For enterprises, it is a project with low return on investment and poor profitability.

(3) There are great differences in technology and it is difficult to copy.Compared with urban environmental governance, there are differences between rural pollutants and urban environmental governance in composition, technology and technology, which cannot be completely replicated. Taking sewage treatment as an example, the composition and content of pollutants in rural sewage and urban sewage are different, so the investment in urban sewage treatment construction and market-oriented operation mode of enterprises cannot be universal.

Empirical case: give play to the role of marketization and work together to solve rural environmental problems

(A win-win situation between government and enterprises to create "Qujiang experience"

For rural areas, the task of garbage sorting is arduous and difficult to last. In the past, township and village cadres independently managed the garbage sorting work, and it was inevitable that cadres would press the gourd to float the ladle. Qujiang District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, implements the rural "garbage revolution" and implements the third-party service of garbage classification according to the enterprise operation mode, which can make town and village cadres change from "in front of the stage" to "behind the scenes" and from "athletes" to "referees", effectively grasp the "tangible hand" of the government and the "public hand", form a benign interaction mechanism with the public and third-party enterprises, and ensure the durability and effectiveness of government supervision manpower.

Third-party operation and maintenance integrates the market resources of the industry, and the practice has formed a hierarchical structure and overall law of early source classification and reduction, medium-term recycling of renewable resources, and late landfill and incineration treatment and gradual reduction, clarifying the access of each link of garbage disposal, reducing the burden on township and village cadres, bringing profits to enterprises, giving villagers paid feedback, and reducing environmental pressure, thus forming a win-win situation for all parties.

After the third-party operation and maintenance, 14 towns (streets) in Qujiang District are managed by one company as a whole, which can put an end to the malpractice of caring management. According to the requirements of enterprise personnel management, the original team of cleaning staff is screened out, people with good performance and good health are retained, older and lazy people are dismissed, new people who meet the post requirements are recruited, and a skilled, literate, obedient and dedicated cleaning team is reorganized, so as to dig deeper into cleaning staff. The "cleaning grid" and "general grid" will complement each other and promote each other, and we will fully promote the "1+5" classified cleaning mode of cleaning+classification, cleaning+sorting, cleaning+recycling, cleaning+publicity and cleaning+inspection, which will inject a steady stream of new power into grassroots governance. Up to now, there are 1,432 cleaning teams in Qujiang, and 56 cleaning grids are divided, with an average of 26 cleaning staff in each cleaning grid. In addition, 14 film lengths and 56 squad leaders are equipped to implement the "three-fixed" grid management of personnel, posts and responsibilities to ensure that the responsibilities are assigned to people.

(B) cadres and masses to jointly promote the "toilet revolution."

Small things in rural areas are connected with people’s livelihood. It is not easy to do these "small projects", such as changing toilets in rural areas, treating rural garbage and sewage, and improving the appearance of villages. Who will do it, how to do it and how to run it?

The author learned from the investigation in Changshan County, Zhejiang Province that the government of Changshan County attached great importance to the "toilet revolution" in rural areas, and in April 2017, it took the lead in innovating and launching the director system of public toilets in the country, thus setting off a "toilet revolution" throughout the county. Ye Meifeng, secretary of the county party committee, is the general director of public toilets in the county, while the deputy secretary of the county party committee and the deputy county magistrate are the general directors of public toilets in rural areas and urban areas respectively. In urban areas, the directors of public toilets are the cadres of the county housing and construction bureau and the secretary of the street party working committee, while in rural areas, they are divided into the secretary of the township party committee and the village committees. Every public toilet in the county has its own strengths, and efforts are made to solve the problems of low-grade public toilets, old facilities, poor hygiene and inadequate management, and comprehensively carry out the "300 Action" to reform

"Don’t look at our village, where the village roads are washed, the ancient trees are green, the courtyards and toilets are clean and tidy. A few years ago, there were weeds, piles of garbage, dirty toilets and mosquitoes flying all over the sky." Ye Jiqiang, secretary of the branch of Xucun Village, said with deep feelings. In recent years, Xu Cun put forward the brand of "Dream-chasing Party Branch", which has changed from a weak village with prominent sectarian contradictions, difficult to unify the masses’ thoughts and backward work in various centers to a famous "Golden Nail Village" in the county.

(C) not to rely on solving the "garbage around the village"

Rural environmental governance cannot be separated from capital investment, but it does not mean that money is a necessary condition for rural environmental governance. In other words, "the more money the state invests, the better the rural environment will be" is a misunderstanding. Here, the author takes a field survey of a village in Jiangxi Province to build a garbage pool as a case to explain.

Since 2016, in an F village in Jiangxi Province, villagers have begun to feel the great troubles caused by garbage surrounding villages, and environmental problems have become a major headache for villagers. Someone in the village suggested building a garbage disposal pool, and the village head naturally agreed, but the key question came-where did the money come from? The village has applied to the superior several times, and the result is "no money", and the village has thousands of dollars on its books. Some people suggest that you should stop expecting your superiors to allocate money and build it yourself. But the problem comes again. It is not easy to mobilize the whole village to raise funds in rural areas. There are nail households and poor households in the village, and the conditions of each family are different. The final result of "waiting, relying and wanting" is that the construction of garbage pools is delayed again and again. Later, several young people who worked outside the home couldn’t sit still when they went home during the Spring Festival. They went to the village head to discuss it, stopped "waiting, relying and wanting" and organized the villagers to build it themselves. The final plan is: in terms of mobilization, the village head and several young people who are working hard outside are responsible; In terms of funds, part of the village collective, part of the young people, and part of the villagers voluntarily raise funds, and those who do not contribute to work and contribute; In terms of work, each family has at least one job, which can be flexibly discussed according to the amount of capital contribution; In terms of purchasing materials, young people are responsible. Finally, all the families at home in the village have at least one job, a total of 70 jobs; The cost of materials, such as cement, stone, sand, bricks and tiles, pipes, etc., totaled 7,500 yuan, and the final cost of the village was less than 10,000 yuan. At the same time, the follow-up garbage pool cleaning was carried out in a long-term way of "village collective contribution+township donation+villagers’ work".It is estimated in the village that it is reasonable to spend more than 30,000 yuan if the garbage disposal pool is funded by the government.

The above cases show that "having money to do things well" does not mean "having no money to do things". Rural environmental governance needs to establish a diversified fund-raising mechanism, but it needs to open up ideas, explore and innovate, give play to people’s subjective initiative, and use limited funds on the cutting edge. From the perspective of fund raising, try to raise more funds for rural environmental governance. But more crucially, it is not entirely driven by money. We should use our brains and market-oriented operation ideas to guide rural environmental governance to a more long-term sustainable development path through the instigation of capital investment.

Countermeasures and suggestions: establish a market-oriented long-term mechanism for rural environmental governance

(A) "Government" and "market" make concerted efforts to control the rural environment.

The difficulty of rural environmental governance lies in "market failure". "Market failure" and "government failure" are the reasons for rural environmental pollution and low governance efficiency. Therefore, we should adopt the method of economic analysis to study and put forward the countermeasures of combining government and market, and "government" and "market" should work together. For the vast rural areas, it is difficult to manage the rural water environment only by a large amount of government investment. From the perspective of multi-center governance, it is proposed that the market can play a positive role in effectively allocating resources in rural non-point source pollution control.

Based on the fact that rural environmental pollution is different from the characteristics of cities, and the rural environment has the characteristics of small but many pollution sources and wide and scattered pollution sources, we can give full play to the vast rural land space, natural degradation and digestion capacity and appropriate environmental carrying capacity, adopt ways suitable for rural environmental governance, such as returning compost to fields, natural digestion and small ecological wetlands, compare and analyze the governance model with the government as the main body and the autonomy model with villagers as the main body, and put forward effective ways of rural environmental governance combining government with market.

(2) Explore the market-oriented mode of "market packaging" for river regulation.

For the water environment management of rural rivers, we can adopt the common operation mechanism of rural river regulation and market-oriented mode. The government can realize the long-term market-oriented management of rural river regulation by establishing the modes of "raising rivers by rivers", "raising rivers by dikes" and "raising rivers by ponds".

The government contracts the river and coastal public land to individuals or enterprises through inviting tenders, and the government signs contracts with the contractors. The river contractors need to fulfill the obligations of daily work such as river dredging and cleaning, and take the initiative to accept government inspections and supervision complaints from the masses. At the same time, the river contractor can obtain the corresponding rights, that is, the right to use the land on both sides of the river, from which the contractor can obtain economic benefits in other ways.

(C) the introduction of PPP model to manage the rural environment with diversified and integrated thinking

By introducing PPP model to rural environmental governance, we should fully consider the relevance between rural environmental governance projects and other rural related industrial projects. From the perspective of industrial integration, we should jump out of the simple "financing thinking" and adopt "packaging strategy" to promote diversified governance through system construction, and promote professional and market-oriented operation through improving price mechanism and preferential policies. Market-oriented operation and enterprise management play a role in the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, and the third-party property company can play the leading role through the government’s purchase of services, which can explore the market-oriented path of rural environmental improvement in the construction of new countryside.

(The author Jiao Xudong is a Ph.D. student in the Research Center for Cleaner Production and Circular Economy of china environmental science Research Institute, mainly engaged in theoretical and policy consultation and research on circular economy, environmental governance, rural revitalization, county green development, etc. As the main author, he participated in the drafting of the State Council’s major policy documents such as the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Establishing a Complete and Advanced Recycling System for Waste Commodities, and participated in the research and formulation of the national policy of "exchanging old appliances for new ones" all the time. )

Sexual harassment in the workplace is not only related to workers’ labor rights and personal dignity, but also related to corporate image. The Civil Code stipulates how to identify sexual harassment from the legal level, and clarifies the obligations of relevant units to prevent and stop sexual harassment in the workplace. Enterprises should establish rules and regulations to ensure that workers are in a safe, hygienic and violence-free working environment, so as to achieve rapid and steady development.

　　In response to the case of "Ali male supervisor infringing on female employees", on the evening of August 14, the public security organ of Jinan City, Shandong Province informed that two criminal suspects had been taken criminal compulsory measures according to law on suspicion of compulsory indecency.

　　At present, the case is still under investigation. With the Civil Code defining the anti-sexual harassment responsibility of employers in legal form, how to build a compliance system to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace and improve the rules and regulations has become a subject that enterprises have to face.

　　Sexual harassment in the workplace refers to the employer’s responsibility

　　Fang Chen, a legal officer of a state-owned enterprise in an energy industry, has been thinking about how to explain the system construction to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace at the meeting of corporate compliance construction in a few days.

　　Engaged in legal work for 8 years, Fang Chen found that some enterprises are not perfect in the establishment of rules and regulations, involving the protection of employees’ personal interests and humanistic care. She said frankly, "Everyone thinks that sexual harassment in the workplace rarely happens and rarely talks about it, let alone form a written system."

　　In fact, the revised Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in 2005 and the special provisions on labor protection for female employees promulgated by the State Council in 2012 both stipulate the responsibilities of employers in preventing sexual harassment. The Civil Code, which was officially implemented this year, explicitly requires the relevant units to fulfill their obligations to prevent and stop sexual harassment from the legal level for the first time.

　　The first paragraph of Article 1010 of the Civil Code stipulates that the victim has the right to request the perpetrator to bear civil liability in accordance with the law if he sexually harasses others against their will by means of words, words, images and physical acts. The second paragraph makes it clear that organs, enterprises, schools and other units should take reasonable measures such as prevention, acceptance of complaints, investigation and disposal to prevent and stop sexual harassment by taking advantage of their authority and affiliation.

　　"Sexual harassment in the workplace has its particularity in behavior and legal responsibility." Shen Jianfeng, a professor at the Law School of the Central University of Finance and Economics and dean of the Law School of China Institute of Labor Relations, explained, "The relationship between the superior and the subordinate in the workplace and the closed workplace can easily lead to sexual harassment by taking advantage of this relationship and place, and put pressure on workers to protect their rights. It is precisely because of the correlation between the occurrence of sexual harassment and the management and working conditions of the employer that the law specifically requires the employer to do its duty to prevent sexual harassment. It is also the obligation of employers to respect the dignity of workers and let them work decently. " Shen Jianfeng said.

　　The case law clarifies the employer’s obligation to prevent sexual harassment

　　"Building rules and regulations to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace is also the need of employment management. The Civil Code has clearly required employers to fulfill their obligations to prevent sexual harassment. If the unit does not implement it as an internal employment management rule through regulations, it may lead to employment management difficulties. " Shen Jianfeng pointed out, "Typically, according to the current labor contract law, if the employer does not have regulations to prevent sexual harassment, it is impossible to dismiss employees who commit sexual harassment according to law."

　　After the introduction of the Civil Code, there have been some cases of labor disputes involving sexual harassment in the workplace. Whether the employer can terminate the labor relationship between the two parties on the grounds of sexual harassment by employees, the court gave a statement.

　　Recently, the People’s Court of Pudong District of Shanghai tried a case. Liu sneaked a photo of a female colleague in the workplace and sent it to the WeChat circle of friends with words such as "wife". He also harassed him many times by SMS and WeChat. The company took Liu’s behavior as a serious violation of the relevant provisions of the Company’s Employee Handbook on "Prohibition of Sexual Harassment" and dissolved the labor contract relationship between the two parties. Liu believes that the company’s termination of the act is illegal and appealed to the court. After trial, the court refused to support Liu’ s appeal.

　　In another case, in September 2017, Xiaoling was harassed by many WeChat messages of the company’s "big leader" Ding Mou after she joined the company. Xiaoling turned to Wang, the head of the department, but Wang did not take active measures, and was later dismissed by the company on the grounds of serious violation of the Employee Handbook and the Code of Business Conduct. Wang applied for labor arbitration and asked the company to pay more than 360,000 yuan in compensation for the illegal termination of the labor contract, which was not supported. Wang appealed to the court and rejected Wang’s claim in the first instance. On April 22nd, the Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court upheld the original judgment and rejected the appeal.

　　The company’s "legal termination" and "no compensation" are the answers given by the court in the above two cases. In the judgment, the court made clear the basis of the trial &mdash; &mdash; The enterprise has stipulated that "sexual harassment is prohibited" in the form of clear text written in the Employee Handbook, and fully informed the employees. According to Article 39 of the Labor Contract Law, if the employee seriously violates the rules and regulations of the employer, the employer may terminate the labor contract. It is legal for the company to terminate the labor contract accordingly.

　　The employer’s obligation to prevent sexual harassment is also emphasized. In the case of Liu’s dismissal, the judge pointed out that the employer’s dismissal behavior is "a concrete manifestation of fulfilling the legal obligation to prevent and stop female employees from sexual harassment"; The presiding judge of Wang’s dismissal case reminded, "As an employer, it should formulate practical and effective measures to prevent sexual harassment in accordance with the provisions of Article 1010 of the Civil Code and combined with the actual situation of the unit, and strive to form the overall synergy of all employees in the enterprise to prevent sexual harassment through reasonable system design."

　　Respecting the personality of workers is the basic value of enterprises.

　　Zhang Qi is the human resources manager of a hotel in Beijing. Eight years ago, after leaving the hotel, several waiters reported that a male manager of the hotel had developed an ambiguous relationship with several female subordinates and treated them differently in work arrangements according to their closeness.

　　After investigation and verification, the hotel dismissed the male employee and began to implement the "multi-person presence principle" and "leapfrog reflection principle". Zhang Qi explained: "That is, male bosses are not allowed to talk to female subordinates or arrange work in a separate closed space; Employees report sexual harassment and are allowed to leapfrog. "

　　However, Zhang Qi admits that these two points have not formed written rules and regulations, and they are only verbally emphasized at regular meetings or employee open days. He also said that enterprises have certain difficulties at the implementation level. "For example, enterprises have no law enforcement power and it is difficult to obtain evidence. In addition, how to protect the privacy of employees is also a problem. "

　　As the legal director of a software service listed company in Beijing, Villi introduced to the reporter the anti-sexual harassment mechanism that his company has built: "Sexual harassment is prohibited" in the Employee Handbook and the Employee Code, and it is preached in the employee induction training; Open the reporting channels, and publish the reporting telephone number and email address; After receiving the report, the human resources department, the internal control department and the legal department jointly intervened in the investigation.

　　"After the recent social hot events, the company clearly mentioned at the high-level communication meeting that it should focus on sexual harassment in the workplace and prepare to further improve the early warning mechanism." Villi said.

　　A few days ago, the Rights and Interests Department of the All-China Women’s Federation issued the Guidance Manual on Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, which gives guidance to employers on how to prevent and treat sexual harassment in the workplace, including establishing and improving rules and regulations for prevention and treatment of sexual harassment in the workplace, conducting education and training, establishing specialized institutions, and clarifying handling procedures.

　　"In order to achieve a stable and far-reaching development of modern enterprises, we must have a positive corporate culture and assume necessary social responsibilities for the environment, women, workers and consumers." Shen Jianfeng said, "Respecting the personality, dignity and freedom of workers is the values that enterprises should establish and the guarantee for building harmonious labor relations."

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Fang Chen, Zhang Qi and Villi are pseudonyms.)