Xinhua News Agency, Shenzhen, December 11th Question: The blockchain landing scene has quietly surfaced, how will it affect daily life?

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Wang Yang, Chen Yuxuan and Zhu Han

　　Recently, a change has taken place in the writing habit of online writer Chen Hongyan: every time she completes the creation of a part of the manuscript, in addition to saving the contents of the work, she will upload the manuscript information to an invisible and intangible data link, adding a "lock" to her intangible property rights. The technical platform of this "judicial blockchain" was built by Hangzhou Internet Court.

　　A survey by Xinhua Viewpoint reporter found that the blockchain technology, which was "often talked about but never understood" by the public, has quietly landed in scenes such as judicial deposit, government management, people’s livelihood services, food traceability and supply chain management. At the same time, bottleneck problems such as difficulty in data interconnection and coordination are also highlighted in popularization and application.

　　Writing, online shopping and invoicing … … Blockchain technology is entering daily life.

　　The characteristics of "openness and transparency", "non-tampering" and "non-deletion" make blockchain technology show broad application space in the fields of judicial deposit and commodity traceability.

　　"As long as the manuscript is uploaded, the system will automatically generate a set of data: this password value, which is only 3KB in size and is called hash value, is the only electronic identity of the manuscript. With this electronic identity, my work has a certificate recognized by the court, so I am not afraid of infringement disputes. " Chen Hongyu said.

　　Mr. Huang, a citizen of Hangzhou, recently bought a can of imported milk powder. After receiving the goods, he found a small QR code on the milk powder can. When he swept the mobile phone, he saw all the logistics information of this can of milk powder from Australia to Hangzhou. It is understood that during the "Double Eleven" period this year, through blockchain technology, Tmall platform has nearly 400 million Haitao products from more than 100 countries around the world, and has such an "ID card".

　　Recently, the reporter drove to the parking lot of Shenzhen Baoan Sports Center to experience the process of issuing blockchain electronic invoices: scanning the QR code of the site, inputting the license plate and paying the parking fee by mobile phone, and the WeChat WeChat official account of the parking system automatically pushed the entrance of "Invoice Application Notice". The reporter clicks enter, enters the invoice header and tax number, and issues an electronic invoice with one click. The whole process of payment and invoicing takes no more than 2 minutes.

　　It is understood that at present, blockchain electronic invoices have been applied in some banks, supermarkets, subways, taxis and airport buses in Shenzhen, involving more than 7,600 enterprises, with the number of invoices exceeding 10 million and the amount of invoices exceeding 7 billion yuan.

　　According to Tencent, Tencent Cloud blockchain open platform has been applied in several scenarios in the past two years, including direct insurance compensation, fund settlement, electronic bills, supply chain finance, smart medical care and charity.

　　According to the "2018-2019 China Blockchain Development Annual Report" issued by China Blockchain Ecological Alliance, blockchain technology is the most active in the financial field, and a number of new products have been formed in cross-border payment, asset management and supply chain finance. It has achieved phased results in the fields of electronic deposit and charity; It has begun to explore in the fields of medical service, government management, transportation and logistics, but the products are not mature enough.

　　In some fields, the "winding" effect is obvious, and some "pseudo-applications" can not be ignored.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that in the financial and fiscal fields, the application of blockchain technology is conducive to reducing calculation costs and enhancing asset credibility.

　　Taking electronic invoices as an example, Guo Jingli, the chairman of Shengshi Foundation, which is responsible for the management and operation of the parking lot of Baoan Sports Center, said that many parking lots in Baoan Sports Center need about 100,000 invoices every month, and financial personnel have to manually count, distribute and keep accounts, which is a huge workload and easy to make mistakes. Now, the workload is greatly reduced and the labor cost is reduced. "More importantly, blockchain electronic invoices integrate our business data ‘ Winding ’ , become a digital asset — — When we discuss operational cooperation, electronic invoice records are proof of operational strength. "

　　Cui Yan, a staff member of the Collection and Management and Science and Technology Development Department of Shenzhen Taxation Bureau, said that the blockchain electronic invoice has realized the whole process of invoice issuance, circulation, reimbursement and declaration, ensuring that the whole cycle of the invoice can be checked, verified and traceable in the chain, which has solved the problems of one vote over-reporting, false reporting and false arrival, and it is difficult to verify the true and false in the process of invoice circulation.

　　In addition to the financial field, at present, the application of blockchain in the field of electronic deposit and certification in China has developed rapidly, and the application effect in many related industries is obvious. Wang Jiangqiao, executive vice president of Hangzhou Internet Court, said: "For example, the two parties have signed a sales contract. Because the data such as the signing process and the implementation of the contract are all stored in the chain, and there are many nodes in the judicial blockchain to witness, after one party initiates the case, we can import it into the Internet court through the platform, and the fact of breach of contract can be clearly identified."

　　According to the data of Hangzhou Internet Court, due to the fact that the judicial blockchain platform is clearer and simpler, the mediation withdrawal rate of intellectual property dispute cases exceeds 90%.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that there are also some "pseudo-applications" in the process of blockchain application promotion. For example, some so-called applications based on blockchain technology, such as "blockchain chicken raising" and "blockchain cultural relics identification", are only stored on the server of their own company, and they are not synchronized to the upstream and downstream, and can be tampered with at any time, which does not solve the trust problem.

　　Data interconnection is difficult, and large-scale application needs further technical breakthrough.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that because blockchain technology involves multi-party entity data interconnection, it is difficult to build and coordinate the blockchain platform because it needs to coordinate multi-party institutions for application landing and promotion.

　　"At present, Internet courts in Hangzhou, Beijing and Guangzhou have launched blockchain applications, but there are problems that platforms are difficult to be compatible and cases are difficult to promote." A legal system practitioner said that at present, some blockchain platforms are linked by associations and industries, and the coverage of applications is relatively limited, which is only equivalent to "local area network" and not "Internet"; The blockchain technical standards provided by different enterprises are not the same, and there are difficulties in cross-chain connection.

　　The Shenzhen tax department also said that the local blockchain electronic invoice and other electronic invoices in different places have not been mutually recognized and interoperated.

　　In addition, to support large-scale applications, the core technology of blockchain needs further improvement and breakthrough. Cai Liang, executive deputy director of the Blockchain Research Center of Zhejiang University, said that taking performance as an example, the number of transactions per second in general application scenarios of blockchain has reached tens of thousands, but the current technical level is still difficult to support large-scale and wide-ranging applications. "It is very important to break through the bottlenecks of supporting large-scale networking of various networks and collaborative technology of software and hardware."

　　Li Ming, director of the blockchain research office of the Institute of Electronics Industry Standardization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that at present, blockchain applications are still in the early, niche and trial operation stages, and there has not been a "killer" large-scale application. However, all industries are actively exploring and trying. With the landing of 5G technology, the increase of market data and the improvement of technical problems, more application cases are expected to appear in the future. (Participating in writing: Wu Shuaishuai)

Labor education, comprehensive practice, study tour, national defense education, quality development, and rule of law publicity … In Tongling, colorful off-campus comprehensive practical education activities have created colorful "walking classrooms", opened a larger and broader classroom space with "educating people through practice", empowered young students to grow up healthily and develop in an all-round way, and realized all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor.

The best class is on the road, and the walking class is more exciting. Relying on "a school without schoolbags and a classroom without textbooks", Tongling City is committed to a new school of "practical education"-Tongling National Demonstration Comprehensive Practice Base and Datong Camp, which is a "finless porpoise town and a hometown of research", constantly broadening the extracurricular research practice courses for young students and embarking on a road of "practical education" with Tongling characteristics.

Establishing characteristic mode and establishing brand of research practice

Relying on the national demonstration comprehensive practice base and the Datong camp of the national primary and secondary school students’ research and practice education, Tongling City has established an interactive education model of "base+school", and actively carried out special practical education activities such as multi-theme publicity and education, multi-course integration and infiltration, and multi-line research and practice activities through collaborative education. Broaden and extend coordinated education, adhere to the integration of education, practicality, service, safety and public welfare, and achieve "full coverage" of primary and secondary schools in the city. Constantly integrate the educational resources of foreign studies in the school, adhere to collaborative education, and cooperate closely with the municipal public security bureau, judicial bureau, political and legal Committee, civil air defense office and other departments to build a youth theme venue project. Accelerate the deepening of regional cooperation, based on the development of research practice education in the new era, constantly integrate into the general trend of integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, strengthen interconnection with other urban camps in the Yangtze River Delta region, jointly develop research courses, and improve the service and education quality of research courses. Broaden cooperation channels, continuously strengthen the interconnection mechanism with camps in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, strengthen mutual visits, exchanges and cooperation, learn advanced research management experience and practices, and explore research line courses.

At the same time, the city’s practical courses have developed more than 100 compulsory and elective courses with five modules: survival experience, quality development, scientific practice, theme education and research practice, including more than 40 popular science courses such as maker, VR, sand painting, coastal defense, bit experiment, scientific inquiry, healthy microbiology and computer disassembly, so that students can get happiness and success in practice and feel creative and grow.

Deeply cultivate the feelings of home and country and innovate the comprehensive practical course.

In order to adhere to the concept of "cultivating people by virtue and educating people by practice", Tongling will continue to deepen the curriculum construction and optimize the curriculum design of comprehensive practical education. Based on this province, it will explore rich educational resources of red theme and emblem culture, implement "ideological and political education" in the process of "educating people by practice", continuously optimize and integrate high-quality educational resources, broaden the participation of primary and secondary school students, and continuously improve the influence and radiation of practical education activities.

In the process of carrying out the "Four History" education with the emphasis on the study and education of party history, Tongling City has always insisted on taking young people as the main body of the study and education of party history, using the century-old red party history to consolidate the foundation and cultivate the soul, and strive to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, beauty and labor. The city has created a "walking party history study and education course" and made good use of research and practice resources. Adhere to the organic integration of school and off-campus, in-class and out-of-class, and use the "adolescent way" to "move" the study and education of party history. Relying on the national demonstration comprehensive practice base and Datong Long March theme red education camp. Since 2021, more than 60,000 young students of all academic periods have been organized to go deep into the Red Education Base, carry out regular red research and education activities, and carry out research and education practice activities of "Following the Party’s Footprint-Red Journey" to pursue the Party’s Red Footprint and sow the seeds of patriotism and power in the hearts of young students.

Not only that, in the process of "educating people by practice", Tongling City pays attention to cultivating young students’ local culture, cultivating their feelings of home and country, and relying on local practical education resources such as the Copper Culture Museum to guide young students to fully understand Tongling’s long history of bronze civilization, splendid culture and gorgeous treasures. Based on the unique and beautiful natural scenery and rich cultural heritage of the city and its surrounding areas, six theme research courses were developed, including "Experience the achievements of reform and opening up", "Feel the great rivers and mountains of the motherland", "Feel the traditional Chinese culture", "Pay attention to the ecology of the Yangtze River", "Feel the glorious tradition of revolution" and "Experience the farming culture of water towns", and 42 excellent research routes were developed, and "4+1" and "3" were launched.

Deepening the "Five Education Simultaneously" and Helping the "Double Reduction" Landing Effective　

Since the implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy, Tongling City has made great efforts to promote the "Double Reduction" and "Combination Boxing", developed various courses of comprehensive practice, and carried out research and practical education activities regularly, helping the "Double Reduction" to take effect, subtracting the students’ academic burden, and adding the students’ healthy growth. By improving the after-school service system of "Five Education", the "Five Education" was promoted.

In the first winter vacation after the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, in order to meet the needs of parents, solve the problem of "difficult care" for students’ holidays, and guide and help primary and secondary school students to spend a safe, happy and meaningful holiday, Tongling City made full use of the city’s demonstration comprehensive practical education base and Datong Camp to do a good job in the comprehensive practical custody service for primary and secondary school students in winter vacation, and helped the city to implement the "double reduction" work.

Writing Spring Festival couplets, wrapping jiaozi, playing Ciba, and saying old customs … During the Spring Festival this year, cheerful and high-pitched Tibetan music resounded through every corner of Datong Camp, a demonstration comprehensive practice base in Tongling City, and it was filled with a warm and happy atmosphere everywhere. More than 200 Tibetan teachers and students who stayed in the city’s ethnic school for the New Year were gathering with Han teachers, singing and dancing, talking about Sino-Tibetan friendship and having a special time. Affected by the epidemic situation in COVID-19 and the long distance, all 223 Tibetan students studying in Tongling City stayed there for the New Year. In order to ensure that these Tibetan children, who are far away from their hometown, spend a warm, happy and meaningful winter vacation and Spring Festival in Tongling, Tongling City, through the comprehensive practice custody service of Datong Camp, a demonstration comprehensive practice base of the city, "tailor-made" colorful comprehensive practice courses for Tibetan students, so that students can feel the charm of traditional culture "zero distance".

Under the background of "double reduction", the comprehensive practical education in Tongling City, through "on-campus+off-campus" complementary efficiency, on the one hand, continuously improves the quality of after-school service, fully explores teachers’ resources, actively participates in after-school service, and vigorously introduces qualified and quality social forces into the campus to meet the diverse needs of students in art and sports; On the one hand, give full play to the role of the city’s demonstration comprehensive practice base and Datong camp, and develop colorful comprehensive practice courses in combination with the characteristics of students of different classes; And through "going out", we will lead young students into the research practice bases inside and outside the city, guide young students to feel the profoundness of Huizhou culture in Huizhou architecture, enhance national self-confidence in the history museum, and inherit the red gene in the revolutionary memorial hall … to realize the complementary effect of research practice education and after-school service activities, and promote the deep integration of students’ burden reduction and after-school service.

In the next step, Tongling’s practical education will comprehensively enhance exchanges and cooperation with the bases (camps) in the Yangtze River Delta region, open up excellent lines of research and practice, and continuously improve the influence and radiation of Tongling’s research and practice education activities. Firmly establish the educational concept of "cultivating people by virtue and practicing", and integrate morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor into the system construction of comprehensive practical curriculum development, activity organization, multi-evaluation and research practice, so as to comprehensively promote the healthy growth and all-round development of young students. (Special correspondent: Xu Xiaobo)

On July 17, local time, the South Korean government issued a proposal to North Korea to hold military talks on July 21 at the "Unification Pavilion" on the DPRK side of Panmunjom, which borders the DPRK and the ROK. This is the first time that the new government of Moon Jae in, South Korea, has sent a proposal to the DPRK to hold an intergovernmental dialogue. It is reported that if the talks take place, the two sides may discuss North-South hostile acts such as interrupting public address broadcasting in border areas and releasing propaganda balloons.

　　Beijing, May 13 (Reporter Cui Jiaming) According to the economic voice "Tianxia Finance", the regulation of the national property market has entered an intensive period, and changes in policies such as mortgage and housing provident fund can always affect the nerves of buyers and renters. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other three departments recently issued a notice to extend the policy of reducing the deposit ratio of enterprise housing provident fund to April 30, 2020.

　　The deposit ratio of unit provident fund shall not exceed 12%, and the amount of employee provident fund shall be reduced.

　　The "Notice" clarifies that the lower limit of the housing provident fund deposit ratio is 5%, and the upper limit is determined by each region in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Provident Fund, and the maximum shall not exceed 12%. The deposit unit can independently determine the proportion of housing provident fund deposit within the upper limit range of 5% to local regulations. It is understood that this move can reduce the burden on enterprises by about 30 billion yuan.

　　What impact does the policy have on ordinary employees? Ding Jiangang, a real estate research expert and dean of Zhejiang Media Real Estate Research Institute, analyzed that enterprises have reduced their burdens, and the amount of personal provident fund of employees has also decreased accordingly. This has an impact on the purchase of houses with provident fund, the withdrawal of provident fund for down payment and the amount of future provident fund loans.

　　In April this year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development announced that it would postpone the policy of reducing the proportion of enterprise provident fund deposits and other related policies and measures. Therefore, the "Notice" jointly issued by the three departments also means the actual implementation of the policy. According to expert analysis, unlike social security and pension insurance, housing provident fund is the disposable income of employees, and this part of income does not need to pay a tax. For many employees, the downward adjustment of the proportion of paid provident fund will directly affect this part of income. Although the wages of employees have increased, they still have to pay taxes, so the increase in cash income of employees is not obvious.

　　Expert: It has little impact on employees in first-and second-tier cities.

　　In addition, the impact of policies on employees in different regions is different. Ding Jiangang analyzed that for third-and fourth-tier cities with relatively low housing prices, the total proportion of provident fund and provident fund loans extracted in the whole housing price is relatively high, which will have a greater impact on these cities. However, for first-tier cities and second-tier cities, because the housing prices are relatively high, the proportion of the extractable provident fund to the total housing prices is not very high, so the impact is not great.

　　In addition, Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, believes that the starting point of this policy is to consider the burden reduction of enterprises, and the policy itself adopts a phased approach.

　　In November, 2008, Hunan Provincial Party Committee promoted 14 county (city, district) Party committee secretaries to work in provincial organs, 11 cadres from provincial organs, provincial enterprises and universities to work in cities and counties, and 4 cadres to work in municipal and provincial departments. Among them, five department-level cadres served as county party Committee secretaries (including two director-level cadres).

　　(November 16th Red Net)

　　There are quite a few higher-level officials who work in lower-level units, but most of them are on-the-job training and "gilding". Even if they work at the lower level, they are a nominal "supporting role", so there are not many who really work and contribute. Hunan Province has made five department-level cadres serve as county party secretary (including two director-level cadres) at the grassroots level, which has really attracted a lot of attention. This move has broken the precedent of selecting and appointing cadres in the past, and truly enabled cadres to "be promoted and promoted" and let the leading cadres at the next higher level serve at the grassroots level. The author thinks that the biggest attraction of this phenomenon lies in the courage of "low distribution in higher vocational colleges" and the innovation of the concept of employing people.

　　Following the old routines and old ideas of employing people may not cause any adverse reactions among officials, but the disadvantages are obvious. Some leading cadres only dare to "be a monk every day" and don’t seek political affairs in their positions. In the final analysis, there are problems in our selection and employment mechanism. This old thinking and accumulated disadvantages have created the possibility of muddling along and dereliction of duty as cadres. The seemingly stable officialdom actually consumes the vigor and spirit of officials, and corrodes their enterprising spirit and sense of reform and innovation, which in turn affects their daily work and long-term social development.

　　Dare to break this old routine, it is a challenge to the old employment mechanism, and this courage is really commendable. Putting five department-level cadres in grass-roots posts for exercise reflects the importance attached by the party committees and governments at higher levels to grass-roots work, and is a positive signal to focus on grass-roots work in selecting and employing people. The promotion and reuse of grassroots cadres to work directly in provincial offices can greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of grassroots cadres and highly highlight the scientific concept of "not letting grassroots cadres suffer".

　　What kind of people to use and what kind of people not to use are related to the image of the party and the government and the success or failure of the cause of the party and the people. The recent reform and innovation in the cadre selection system in Hunan Province has more reflected the public opinion and sunshine, and truly achieved the goals of "selecting people with good style" and "selecting people with fair and decent style". This is obviously another vivid practice of the party’s "selecting qualified talents to enrich the ranks of cadres."

　　Everything has its own law of development, and following the law of development and making bold innovations are the key to success. The Hunan Provincial Party Committee is undoubtedly in the forefront of the country in the innovation of selecting talents, but good things must be done well to avoid and prevent these senior officials at the departmental level from treating the post of county party secretary as "gilding" and "going through the motions". It is also necessary to prevent some department-level cadres from "being in Cao Ying’s heart and being in Han Dynasty", but being at the grass-roots level but aiming at the original posts of higher authorities, and failing to do their duty wholeheartedly and wholeheartedly. This phenomenon may also occur, which is equally harmful to work and career development.

　　The selection and employment mechanism of leading cadres tests the party’s ruling ability and is also related to the party’s long-term self-construction. Hunan Province has the courage to put five department-level cadres in the post of county party secretary to exercise, which is actually an innovation in the mechanism of cadre selection and appointment, and has a strong demonstration and driving significance. (Bi Xiaozhe)

Editor: Zhao Xuanxuan

In 2023, China’s special food industry showed a good development trend, new functions of health food were released, and the policy "combination boxing" dividend continued; The number of special medical foods approved has reached a new high, and favorable policies such as tariff reduction have met the needs of special people; Measures for the registration and management of infant formula milk powder were issued to encourage R&D and innovation in the industry; New regulations have been issued for standard management, and the standard governance system has been improved day by day … Recently, Xinhuanet and China Nutrition and Health Food Association launched "Review of Hot Spots of Special Food Industry in China in 2023", which reflects the development of this year’s industry from many angles.

Hot spot 1. The new functions of health food are released, and the policy "combination boxing" bonus continues.

On August 28th, the General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Technical Evaluation of New Functions and Products of Health Food (for Trial Implementation), which will be implemented as of the date of promulgation. The detailed rules are an important measure to reform the previous management mode of functional claim evaluation of health food in China, lead industrial innovation with institutional innovation, bring new opportunities for new product development of enterprises, and accelerate the pace of overall innovation of the industry. On August 31, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the State Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued the announcement of the Catalogue of Non-nutrient Supplements for Health Care Functions (2023 Edition) and its supporting documents. The announcement will further standardize the management of health function claims, implement the main responsibility of enterprise health function claims and R&D evaluation, and realize the scientific and dynamic management of health function catalogue.

On June 14th, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the State Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued Nutrition Supplement for Health Food Raw Materials Catalogue (2023 Edition), Nutrition Supplement for Health Food Functional Catalogue (2023 Edition), Soy Protein Isolate for Health Food Raw Materials Catalogue and Whey Protein for Health Food Raw Materials Catalogue, which will take effect on October 1st, 2023. The further expansion of raw material catalogue and functional catalogue provides more choices for enterprises to carry out product filing. The matching interpretation document of soybean protein isolate and whey protein in the raw material catalogue makes it clear that soybean protein isolate and whey protein can be used as raw materials alone, or they can be used in combination, or they can be used in combination with nutrients listed in the raw material catalogue of nutritional supplements for health food. The expansion of the health food filing catalogue and the first permission for compounding mean that the filing products will be more abundant.

On December 22nd, the General Administration of Market Supervision issued "Guidelines for Labeling Standards of Health Food". The contents of health food labeling framework, graphic proportion, printing color requirements, etc. were clarified to guide health food producers and operators to further standardize the labeling of health food labels, correctly guide consumption, and create a fair and orderly market order.

Hot spot 2. The number of approved special medical foods has reached a new high, and favorable policies such as tariff reduction have met the needs of special people.

As of December 31st, a total of 70 special medical foods were approved in China, including 2 imported products and 68 domestic products, and the number of approved foods reached a record high. Since the implementation of the registration management of special medical foods on July 1, 2016, the state has approved 164 products, including 48 infant formulas, 53 total nutrition formulas, 62 non-total nutrition formulas and 1 specific total nutrition formula.

On December 3, the General Administration of Market Supervision revised and promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Registration of Formulated Foods for Special Medical Use, which will take effect on January 1, 2024. In addition to continuing to emphasize the safety supervision of special medical foods, the measures also explicitly encourage R&D and innovation to meet clinical needs, and give priority to the review of special medical foods such as rare disease categories, clinically urgently needed and unapproved new categories. This method will further improve the research and development efficiency of enterprises and promote the listing of new products such as rare diseases and clinical urgent needs.

During the year, Shandong Province and Guizhou Province successively promulgated the management measures for medical institutions to operate and use special medical food. According to statistics, since Tianjin issued the application guidelines for medical institutions to use special medical food prescriptions in May 2016, 13 provincial and 6 municipal administrative departments have successively issued management measures for the operation and use of special medical food, including Tianjin, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces and cities, as well as Nanjing, Jinan, Xuzhou and Taizhou.

On December 20th, the State Council Customs Tariff Commission issued the Announcement on Tariff Adjustment Scheme in 2024, which will be implemented on January 1st, 2024. Among them, the import tariff of special medical food was adjusted to zero, the import tariff of infant formula milk powder was reduced to 5%, the import tariff of fish oil soft capsules was reduced to 6%, and the import tariff of other infant foods was reduced to 2%. This will help to increase the supply of imported products and meet the needs of special people in China for such products.

Hot spot three, the measures for the registration and management of infant formula milk powder were released to encourage industry research and development innovation.

On July 10th, the General Administration of Market Supervision revised and issued the Measures for the Administration of Formula Registration of Infant Formula Milk Powder Products, which will take effect on October 1st, 2023. The new version of the registration management measures implements the "four strictest" requirements, further tightens the requirements for product formula registration in combination with industry development and registration management practice, ensures product quality and safety, encourages enterprises to develop and innovate, and continuously improves the quality of infant formula milk powder. The measures stipulate the application and registration procedures, labels and instructions, supervision and management, legal responsibilities and other aspects for enterprises planning to produce, sell and import infant formula milk powder in China.

Infant formula milk powder is a special food related to the happiness of hundreds of millions of families and the future of the country and the nation. According to statistics, by the end of 2023, about 134 new national standard formula products were sold and circulated in China. The introduction of the measures will help enterprises to intensify R&D and innovation, improve the quality of infant formula milk powder, further improve the formula registration management of infant formula milk powder, ensure the safety of infant "rations" and help the high-quality development of the industry.

Hot spot 4: 74 kinds of "three new foods" such as breast milk oligosaccharides were approved, and 9 kinds of substances such as codonopsis pilosula were included in the list of food and drug substances, providing more raw material choices for enterprise production.

In 2023, the National Health and Wellness Commission approved 74 kinds of "three new foods". The most concerned is the Announcement on 15 "Three New Foods" such as Peach Gum, which officially approved 2′- fucosyl lactose and lactose -N- neotetraose in breast milk oligosaccharides as food nutrition fortifiers, which can be applied to infant formula food, prepared milk powder (for children) and infant formula food for special medical purposes.

On November 17th, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the General Administration of Market Supervision jointly issued the "Announcement on 9 new substances that are both traditional Chinese medicines and food", which included 9 substances such as Codonopsis pilosula, Cistanche deserticola (desert), Dendrobium candidum, American ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Cornus officinalis, Gastrodia elata and Eucommia ulmoides leaves in the list of substances that are both traditional Chinese medicines and food. The inclusion of nine substances in the catalogue is the first addition since the implementation of the "Regulations on the Catalogue of Substances that are Traditionally Food and Chinese Herbal Medicine" in 2021, which is of great significance for enriching food sources and promoting the development of health industry.

On November 26th, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the General Administration of Market Supervision jointly issued the Announcement on the Management of Amino Acids in foods for special dietary uses. It is clear that more than 20 kinds of amino acids in national food safety standards such as infant formula food, infant formula food for special medical use and sports nutrition food are managed as food nutrition fortifiers. The announcement will further standardize the use and management of amino acids in foods for special dietary uses, promote the high-quality development of related food industries in China, and especially promote the research and development of special medical foods for rare diseases with amino acids as protein sources, so as to better meet the needs of patients.

Hot spot 5. New regulations on standard management are introduced, and the standard governance system is improving day by day.

On August 18th, the National Standardization Administration Committee issued the Interim Provisions on the Standards of Recommended National Standards Adoption Groups, which will come into force as of the date of promulgation. This regulation has established a channel for advanced applicable group standards to be transformed into national standards, which will effectively promote the popularization and application of innovation achievements of group standards, increase the supply of recommended national standards, and improve the quality level of national standards.

On August 31st, the General Administration of Market Supervision promulgated the Measures for Promoting Enterprise Standardization, which will take effect on January 1st, 2024. This method will create a better environment for enterprise standardization and stimulate the endogenous motivation of enterprise standardization.

On November 28th, the General Administration of Market Supervision revised and promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Industry Standards, which will take effect on June 1st, 2024. This method focuses on the transformation of government functions, promotes standardization reform and innovation, strengthens the coordination of standards, provides normative support for breaking industry monopoly and market restrictions, and leads and supports the process of building a unified national market with standardization work.

On November 29th, the National Health and Wellness Commission promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Food Safety Standards, which will take effect on December 1st, 2023. This method is a revision of the 2010 version of the document, which clarifies for the first time that food safety standards include national food safety standards and local food safety standards, and also clarifies job responsibilities, management of national standards, and filing of local standards.

Hot spot six, promoting development with scientific research and innovation as the engine, the special food industry has achieved fruitful results.

In 2023, China special food industry promoted industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, and achieved fruitful results. A bibliometric analysis article published in Precision Nutrition in September, 2023, through the research and analysis of 24,582 newly published nutrition-related papers in the world in the last year, the results show that China ranks second in both the number of papers and the cited frequency, and among the 10 most influential scholars, Professor Shi Hanping from Beijing Millennium Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University ranks second.

Tomson Bianjian successfully submitted an application for a new function of health food "helping to maintain normal platelet aggregation function". The application was aimed at the clinical verification of the impact of blood flow health in China population and related mechanism research, and the research results were published in Journal of Functional Foods and Frontiers in Nutrition. Yili Group accurately determined the amino acid composition of breast milk in China for the first time, and the result was published in The Journal of Nutrition, which will contribute to the further research and innovation of infant formula milk powder in China. Mead Johnson China released the research result that the infant formula rich in milk fat globules and lactoferrin before the age of 12 months improved the neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 5.5 years. The study adopted a double-blind randomized controlled clinical method, and the result was published in The Journal of Pediatrics.

Danone launched the AI golden poop decoder in China. The research lasted for three years. Through the decoder applet, professional advice on intestinal self-protection can be given only by taking photos and AI neural network identification. The breast milk oligosaccharides developed by Mengniu Dairy, DSM-Fenmeiyi and International Flavors and Fragrances Company have passed the approval of the National Health and Wellness Commission, among which all three companies have obtained the approval of 2′- fucosyl lactose, and DSM-Fenmeiyi has also obtained the approval of lactose -N- neotetrasaccharide.

Hot spot 7. Special food enterprises actively act to promote the high-quality development of the industry.

In terms of improving the toughness of the industrial chain supply chain, Feihe built the first automatic production line of lactoferrin in the industry and obtained the production license, realizing the extraction, protection and localization of lactoferrin. The demonstration line of industrial production of probiotics, a national key research and development plan jointly undertaken by Aoyou Dairy and Jiangnan University, was officially put into production, which has important demonstration significance for the layout of the whole industrial chain of probiotics in China.

In the practice of social responsibility, Amway Company released the annual sustainable development report, released the carbon neutrality roadmap, and promised to achieve carbon neutrality in 2038. Eight protein powder products were announced to achieve carbon neutrality in the whole line, and obtained the certification of zero-carbon protein powder products in China, contributing to sustainable development. Chen Yusong, the founder and honorary chairman of Zhenao Shuangdi, and Gu Runjin, the chairman of Perfect (China), were awarded the honorary title of "Healthy China 2022 Industry Person of the Year" by the Organizing Committee of Healthy China, which is an affirmation of the contribution of Chinese health food entrepreneurs.

The eighth and second special food industry events were held in Jinan and Wenzhou respectively.

China Nutrition and Health Food Association held the 7th and 8th China Special Food Congress from March 22nd to 25th and November 15th to 17th respectively. The two conferences held 42 events, including 19 academicians, 12 ministerial leaders, more than 100 heads of relevant departments such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the General Administration of Market Supervision, more than 300 industry experts and more than 200 industry business leaders. More than 4,600 representatives attended the two conferences respectively.

China Special Food Conference is an important platform for industry policy interpretation, information exchange, industry interaction, international cooperation, trend research and results release, and an important annual activity of special food industry. At the two conferences, relevant government departments publicized policies and regulations in the fields of health food, special medical food and infant formula milk powder. Academicians and experts conducted in-depth discussions on the latest research results, technological breakthroughs and innovation trends, and business leaders fully exchanged views on industrial development. The conference released seven achievements, such as Expert Suggestions on Individualized Nutrition Development and Dictionary of Special Foods in China, initiated three studies, such as Quality Management Standards for Clinical Trials of Food Nutrition (Group Standard) and Scientific Feeding Guidance for Infants in China, signed six cooperation framework agreements, and held four government-enterprise cooperation docking activities, which effectively promoted the development of special food industry in Jinan and Wenzhou. The successful holding of the China Special Food Conference has established confidence in development, stimulated the vitality of innovation and creation, and promoted the healthy, standardized and sustainable development of the special food industry.

Hot spot 9. The new national standard of infant formula milk powder was implemented, and the market transition was stable. The work "For Children", the evaluation and registration work of infant formula milk powder, was commended by the Working Committee of the State Central Organ.

The new national standard for infant formula milk powder was officially implemented in February this year. According to the regulations, only products registered by the new national standard formula can be imported or produced and sold in China. The implementation of the new national standard will force the market competition to turn to quality competition and promote the industry to develop to high quality.

The evaluation and registration of infant formula milk powder in China was carried out in strict accordance with national standards, which ensured the supply of infant rations. In the alternation of old and new standards, a set of standardized procedures for evaluation and registration of infant formula milk powder in line with China’s national conditions was explored, which met the market demand while strictly controlling the quality.

Focusing on the registration, acceptance, review and verification of infant formula milk powder, the work "For Children" filmed by the Food Review Center of the General Administration of Market Supervision was selected as the activity of "Starting from Me–the Tour of Spiritual Civilization Construction of Central and State Organs" and won the "Hundred Excellent Works" award. In 2023, it coincides with the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Food Review Center. In the past 30 years, the Center has been committed to promoting the high-quality development of food review, continuously improving the ability and level of food safety technical support and food safety supervision, and helping the healthy development of the special food industry.

　　Pumpkin belongs to Cucurbitaceae, which is widely planted. It is also commonly known as Cucurbita (Beijing, Northeast China, etc.), Cucurbita (Guangdong), North Cucurbita (South Henan, Jiangxi, etc.), Cucurbita (Taiwan Province), Maigua, Wogua, Laomian Cucurbita, Fanpumpkin, Golden Melon, Drinking Cucurbita, Rice Cucurbita, Old Dwarf Cucurbita, and Fanfan.

　　There are many varieties of pumpkins, such as oblate, oblong, gourd and fruit. The color of pumpkin skin is also colorful, including orange, dark green and dark green. Different varieties have slightly different nutritional value and taste.

　　The content of carotene in pumpkin is high.

　　Insoluble dietary fiber is suitable for people with three highs.

　　First of all, look at the color of pumpkin. What nutrients can you think of?

　　Yes, it is carotene!

　　The content of carotene in pumpkin is very high, and every 100 grams of pumpkin contains 890 micrograms of carotene. It can be converted into vitamin A in the body, which plays an important role in maintaining normal visual function, healthy epithelial tissue, enhancing immunity and anti-cancer.

　　Every 100 grams of pumpkin contains 5.3 grams of carbohydrates, so pumpkin can be used as a staple food. It contains a certain amount of insoluble dietary fiber, which is more suitable for people with three highs than polished rice and white flour.

　　There is also a soluble dietary fiber in pumpkin — — Pectin, the highest green pumpkin, can reach 2.03%, which can increase satiety, promote digestion, prevent constipation, and adsorb cholesterol and toxic metal substances and excrete them.

　　Pumpkins are very versatile.

　　But there is a group of people who are not suitable for eating.

　　Pumpkin is also a high-potassium and low-sodium food, especially suitable for middle-aged and elderly people and hypertensive patients. Pumpkin is rich in potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and other minerals needed by human body. The contents of zinc, chromium and manganese in pumpkin are also high. Chromium and manganese can improve insulin function, promote carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and prevent diabetes to some extent.

　　In addition, pumpkin is rich in polysaccharide. Pumpkin polysaccharide can effectively improve the disorder of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients. People often eat pumpkins, which is good for their health.

　　But doesn’t it mean that diabetics should eat pumpkins harder? Obviously not. Only one ingredient in pumpkin has hypoglycemic function. As far as pumpkin as a whole is concerned, because its glycemic index (GI) is 75, it belongs to high GI food, especially the old pumpkin has higher sugar content, so diabetics should not eat more. When eating pumpkin, the amount of staple food should be reduced appropriately.

　　In addition to fruit, pumpkin leaves can also be eaten, and the content of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals is no less than that of green leafy vegetables. In addition, pumpkin seeds can also be eaten, which is a delicious nut after drying.

　　Boiling, frying, etc

　　Can make a delicious pumpkin feast.

　　As the saying goes, old pumpkins are food and young pumpkins are vegetables. As a cross-border player, there are many ways to eat pumpkins, such as cooking and frying.

　　evaporate

　　It can be said to be the easiest way to eat. Cut the pumpkin into small pieces with skin and steam it directly. This practice is simple and nutritious, and it belongs to the first choice.

　　boil

　　After the pumpkin is cut into pieces, porridge is cooked with grains. Especially in the cold season, it is really a pleasure to drink a bowl of hot and delicious pumpkin porridge!

　　fry

　　The tender pumpkin is suitable for stir-frying as a dish, and the fried pumpkin is salty and sweet, which has a special taste.

　　fry

　　You can make pumpkin pie. Such delicious snacks are more popular with children. However, this method often needs to add oil and sugar to ensure the taste, which contains high energy and is only suitable for occasional cravings.

　　Pumpkin can be perfectly blended with flour to make all kinds of pasta, such as hair cakes, steamed bread, flower rolls, cakes, noodles, etc. Pumpkin can also be sliced or put in small pieces when steaming rice, making all kinds of staple foods beautiful, attractive and delicious.

　　Text/Ma Guansheng (Professor, Peking University School of Public Health)